An Update on the Molecular and Clinical Characteristics of Apocrine Carcinoma of the Breast
<p dir="ltr">Apocrine carcinoma of the breast is a rare malignancy. According to 2019 WHO classification, apocrine cellular features and a characteristic steroid receptor profile (Estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and androgen receptor (AR)-positive) define apocrine carcinoma. Her-2/ne...
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2021
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| _version_ | 1864513554445500416 |
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| author | Semir Vranic (3353012) |
| author2 | Zoran Gatalica (3353003) |
| author2_role | author |
| author_facet | Semir Vranic (3353012) Zoran Gatalica (3353003) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Semir Vranic (3353012) Zoran Gatalica (3353003) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2021-12-27T00:00:00Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1016/j.clbc.2021.12.009 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/An_Update_on_the_Molecular_and_Clinical_Characteristics_of_Apocrine_Carcinoma_of_the_Breast/24311854 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Biomedical and clinical sciences Oncology and carcinogenesis Breast Apocrine carcinoma Androgen receptor Molecular features Therapy |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | An Update on the Molecular and Clinical Characteristics of Apocrine Carcinoma of the Breast |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Text Journal contribution info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion text contribution to journal |
| description | <p dir="ltr">Apocrine carcinoma of the breast is a rare malignancy. According to 2019 WHO classification, apocrine cellular features and a characteristic steroid receptor profile (Estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and androgen receptor (AR)-positive) define apocrine carcinoma. Her-2/neu protein expression is reported in ∼30-50% of apocrine carcinomas, while NGS analysis showed frequent <i>PIK3CA/PTEN/AKT</i> and <i>TP53</i> mutations Followed by deregulation in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway components (mutations of <i>KRAS, NRAS, BRAF</i>). A recent miRNA study indicates various miRNAs (downregulated hsa-miR-145-5p and upregulated 14 miRNAs such as hsa-miR-182-5p, hsa-miR-3135b, and hsa-miR-4417) may target the commonly altered pathways in apocrine carcinomas such as ERBB2/HER2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Although AR expression is a hallmark of apocrine carcinoma, little is known regarding the efficacy/resistance to antiandrogens. Success of bicalutamide, a non-steroidal anti-androgen, was reported in a case of Her2-negative apocrine carcinoma. Two recent studies, however, described presence of anti-androgen resistance biomarkers (a splice variant ARv7 and <i>AR/NCOA2</i> co-amplification) in a subset of AR+ apocrine carcinomas, cautioning the use of anti-androgens in AR+ triple-negative breast carcinomas. Apocrine carcinomas rarely show biomarkers predictive of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-L1 expression, MSI-H status, and TMB-high). Therefore, a comprehensive cancer profiling of apocrine carcinomas is necessary to identify potential therapeutic targets for a truly individualized treatment approach.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Clinical Breast Cancer<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clbc.2021.12.009" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clbc.2021.12.009</a></p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara2_fc9606ad95c1207ba5df350cb73d1786 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1016/j.clbc.2021.12.009 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara2 |
| network_name_str | Manara2 |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/24311854 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | An Update on the Molecular and Clinical Characteristics of Apocrine Carcinoma of the BreastSemir Vranic (3353012)Zoran Gatalica (3353003)Biomedical and clinical sciencesOncology and carcinogenesisBreastApocrine carcinomaAndrogen receptorMolecular featuresTherapy<p dir="ltr">Apocrine carcinoma of the breast is a rare malignancy. According to 2019 WHO classification, apocrine cellular features and a characteristic steroid receptor profile (Estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and androgen receptor (AR)-positive) define apocrine carcinoma. Her-2/neu protein expression is reported in ∼30-50% of apocrine carcinomas, while NGS analysis showed frequent <i>PIK3CA/PTEN/AKT</i> and <i>TP53</i> mutations Followed by deregulation in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway components (mutations of <i>KRAS, NRAS, BRAF</i>). A recent miRNA study indicates various miRNAs (downregulated hsa-miR-145-5p and upregulated 14 miRNAs such as hsa-miR-182-5p, hsa-miR-3135b, and hsa-miR-4417) may target the commonly altered pathways in apocrine carcinomas such as ERBB2/HER2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Although AR expression is a hallmark of apocrine carcinoma, little is known regarding the efficacy/resistance to antiandrogens. Success of bicalutamide, a non-steroidal anti-androgen, was reported in a case of Her2-negative apocrine carcinoma. Two recent studies, however, described presence of anti-androgen resistance biomarkers (a splice variant ARv7 and <i>AR/NCOA2</i> co-amplification) in a subset of AR+ apocrine carcinomas, cautioning the use of anti-androgens in AR+ triple-negative breast carcinomas. Apocrine carcinomas rarely show biomarkers predictive of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-L1 expression, MSI-H status, and TMB-high). Therefore, a comprehensive cancer profiling of apocrine carcinomas is necessary to identify potential therapeutic targets for a truly individualized treatment approach.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Clinical Breast Cancer<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clbc.2021.12.009" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clbc.2021.12.009</a></p>2021-12-27T00:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1016/j.clbc.2021.12.009https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/An_Update_on_the_Molecular_and_Clinical_Characteristics_of_Apocrine_Carcinoma_of_the_Breast/24311854CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/243118542021-12-27T00:00:00Z |
| spellingShingle | An Update on the Molecular and Clinical Characteristics of Apocrine Carcinoma of the Breast Semir Vranic (3353012) Biomedical and clinical sciences Oncology and carcinogenesis Breast Apocrine carcinoma Androgen receptor Molecular features Therapy |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | An Update on the Molecular and Clinical Characteristics of Apocrine Carcinoma of the Breast |
| title_full | An Update on the Molecular and Clinical Characteristics of Apocrine Carcinoma of the Breast |
| title_fullStr | An Update on the Molecular and Clinical Characteristics of Apocrine Carcinoma of the Breast |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Update on the Molecular and Clinical Characteristics of Apocrine Carcinoma of the Breast |
| title_short | An Update on the Molecular and Clinical Characteristics of Apocrine Carcinoma of the Breast |
| title_sort | An Update on the Molecular and Clinical Characteristics of Apocrine Carcinoma of the Breast |
| topic | Biomedical and clinical sciences Oncology and carcinogenesis Breast Apocrine carcinoma Androgen receptor Molecular features Therapy |