A Comprehensive Review of Solar Photovoltaic Systems: Scope, Technologies, Applications, Progress, Challenges, and Recommendations

<p dir="ltr">The paradigm for energy systems has shifted in the last several years from non-renewable energy sources to renewable energy sources (RESs). Leveraging RESs seeks to meet local demand while reducing complexity, expense, and inefficiencies and promoting energy independence...

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Main Author: Shoaib Ahmed (4100500) (author)
Other Authors: Amjad Ali (51075) (author), Jamshed Ahmed Ansari (22457728) (author), Sikandar Abdul Qadir (17281241) (author), Laveet Kumar (11460088) (author)
Published: 2025
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author Shoaib Ahmed (4100500)
author2 Amjad Ali (51075)
Jamshed Ahmed Ansari (22457728)
Sikandar Abdul Qadir (17281241)
Laveet Kumar (11460088)
author2_role author
author
author
author
author_facet Shoaib Ahmed (4100500)
Amjad Ali (51075)
Jamshed Ahmed Ansari (22457728)
Sikandar Abdul Qadir (17281241)
Laveet Kumar (11460088)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Shoaib Ahmed (4100500)
Amjad Ali (51075)
Jamshed Ahmed Ansari (22457728)
Sikandar Abdul Qadir (17281241)
Laveet Kumar (11460088)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-04-28T12:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1109/access.2025.3558539
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Comprehensive_Review_of_Solar_Photovoltaic_Systems_Scope_Technologies_Applications_Progress_Challenges_and_Recommendations/30393250
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Engineering
Electrical engineering
Environmental engineering
Renewable energy sources
solar energy
solar photovoltaics
types and applications
Photovoltaic systems
Solar power generation Sun
Reviews
Costs
Electricity
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv A Comprehensive Review of Solar Photovoltaic Systems: Scope, Technologies, Applications, Progress, Challenges, and Recommendations
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">The paradigm for energy systems has shifted in the last several years from non-renewable energy sources to renewable energy sources (RESs). Leveraging RESs seeks to meet local demand while reducing complexity, expense, and inefficiencies and promoting energy independence, local resilience, and the transition to zero CO2 emissions. One of the RES technologies that could help create clean, dependable, scalable, and reasonably priced energy is solar energy. This article offers a detailed analysis of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. It examines the distinct qualities and developments of the three generations of solar PV technologies: first-generation crystalline silicon, second-generation thin-film, and third-generation developing technologies, including perovskite and organic cells. The study also looks at the many diverse applications of solar photovoltaics, such as energy communities, microgrids, transportation systems, telecommunications, and agriculture. Moreover, it highlights the deployment of the solar PV system in Italy by overseeing the installed capacity, electricity generation, and energy consumption with different types of energy sources after focusing on global and European scenarios. From the data, it is seen that China, the USA, and India have led the world in capacity growth for solar PV, while Europe continues to lead the way in policy-driven solar adoption. Italy has seen great growth in Europe after Germany in 2023, as compared to previous years. Apart from this, the challenges are also seen, which could result in hindrances in the deployment of solar PV growth. So, the article also offers recommendations for the future like the establishment of a balanced policy environment for distributed PV, encouragement of off-grid electrification system adoption, maintenance of the solar PV cost reduction trajectory, and encouraging the creation of more intelligent inverter systems to help with balance-of-system cost reductions and grid integration, friendly relation with community and supportive policies in the country.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: IEEE Access<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3558539" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3558539</a></p>
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network_acronym_str Manara2
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oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/30393250
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spelling A Comprehensive Review of Solar Photovoltaic Systems: Scope, Technologies, Applications, Progress, Challenges, and RecommendationsShoaib Ahmed (4100500)Amjad Ali (51075)Jamshed Ahmed Ansari (22457728)Sikandar Abdul Qadir (17281241)Laveet Kumar (11460088)EngineeringElectrical engineeringEnvironmental engineeringRenewable energy sourcessolar energysolar photovoltaicstypes and applicationsPhotovoltaic systemsSolar power generation SunReviewsCostsElectricity<p dir="ltr">The paradigm for energy systems has shifted in the last several years from non-renewable energy sources to renewable energy sources (RESs). Leveraging RESs seeks to meet local demand while reducing complexity, expense, and inefficiencies and promoting energy independence, local resilience, and the transition to zero CO2 emissions. One of the RES technologies that could help create clean, dependable, scalable, and reasonably priced energy is solar energy. This article offers a detailed analysis of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. It examines the distinct qualities and developments of the three generations of solar PV technologies: first-generation crystalline silicon, second-generation thin-film, and third-generation developing technologies, including perovskite and organic cells. The study also looks at the many diverse applications of solar photovoltaics, such as energy communities, microgrids, transportation systems, telecommunications, and agriculture. Moreover, it highlights the deployment of the solar PV system in Italy by overseeing the installed capacity, electricity generation, and energy consumption with different types of energy sources after focusing on global and European scenarios. From the data, it is seen that China, the USA, and India have led the world in capacity growth for solar PV, while Europe continues to lead the way in policy-driven solar adoption. Italy has seen great growth in Europe after Germany in 2023, as compared to previous years. Apart from this, the challenges are also seen, which could result in hindrances in the deployment of solar PV growth. So, the article also offers recommendations for the future like the establishment of a balanced policy environment for distributed PV, encouragement of off-grid electrification system adoption, maintenance of the solar PV cost reduction trajectory, and encouraging the creation of more intelligent inverter systems to help with balance-of-system cost reductions and grid integration, friendly relation with community and supportive policies in the country.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: IEEE Access<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3558539" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3558539</a></p>2025-04-28T12:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1109/access.2025.3558539https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Comprehensive_Review_of_Solar_Photovoltaic_Systems_Scope_Technologies_Applications_Progress_Challenges_and_Recommendations/30393250CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/303932502025-04-28T12:00:00Z
spellingShingle A Comprehensive Review of Solar Photovoltaic Systems: Scope, Technologies, Applications, Progress, Challenges, and Recommendations
Shoaib Ahmed (4100500)
Engineering
Electrical engineering
Environmental engineering
Renewable energy sources
solar energy
solar photovoltaics
types and applications
Photovoltaic systems
Solar power generation Sun
Reviews
Costs
Electricity
status_str publishedVersion
title A Comprehensive Review of Solar Photovoltaic Systems: Scope, Technologies, Applications, Progress, Challenges, and Recommendations
title_full A Comprehensive Review of Solar Photovoltaic Systems: Scope, Technologies, Applications, Progress, Challenges, and Recommendations
title_fullStr A Comprehensive Review of Solar Photovoltaic Systems: Scope, Technologies, Applications, Progress, Challenges, and Recommendations
title_full_unstemmed A Comprehensive Review of Solar Photovoltaic Systems: Scope, Technologies, Applications, Progress, Challenges, and Recommendations
title_short A Comprehensive Review of Solar Photovoltaic Systems: Scope, Technologies, Applications, Progress, Challenges, and Recommendations
title_sort A Comprehensive Review of Solar Photovoltaic Systems: Scope, Technologies, Applications, Progress, Challenges, and Recommendations
topic Engineering
Electrical engineering
Environmental engineering
Renewable energy sources
solar energy
solar photovoltaics
types and applications
Photovoltaic systems
Solar power generation Sun
Reviews
Costs
Electricity