Image 2_Novel immune checkpoint inhibitor FilC/PD-1 recombinant vaccinia virus inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma.png

Background<p>With limited therapeutic options for advanced stages, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be the primary cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Although still less than ideal in HCC, immunotherapy—especially immune checkpoint drugs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis—shows pro...

وصف كامل

محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Yanxi Luo (22196734) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: Zhigao Hu (3807961) (author), Guoxiu Du (5804408) (author), Wanpeng Xin (22196737) (author), Minglong Wang (6169664) (author)
منشور في: 2025
الموضوعات:
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الوصف
الملخص:Background<p>With limited therapeutic options for advanced stages, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be the primary cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Although still less than ideal in HCC, immunotherapy—especially immune checkpoint drugs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis—shows promise. Combining direct tumor lysis with immune modulation provides a new strategy in oncolytic virotherapy using vaccinia virus. Designed to boost anti-tumor immunity through dual checkpoint inhibition and oncolysis, this study assessed the efficacy of the FilC/PD-1 recombinant vaccinia virus.</p>Materials and methods<p>Homologous recombination was used to develop a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing FilC and PD-1 inhibitors. We evaluated viral infectivity and replication in HCC cell lines (HepG2, Huh7, Hepa1-6, PLC/PRF/5) and in VERO cells—a non-hepatic kidney epithelial cell line from Chlorocebus sabaeus (African green monkey)—commonly used in virology—to assess baseline viral tropism outside the liver. Using BALB/c nude mice (xenograft) and C57BL/6 mice (syngeneic model), in vivo efficacy was assessed in HCC murine models, evaluating tumor volume reduction, immune cell infiltration, survival rates, and systemic toxicity.</p>Findings<p>The FilC/PD-1 recombinant virus displayed high infection efficiency (88.4% in HepG2), robust viral replication, and substantial oncolytic activity in HCC cells. Compared to the PD-1 inhibitor virus alone, the virus greatly lowered tumor volume (84%) and raised CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell infiltration (42.8%), thereby prolonging survival (68 days). Histopathological study verified low toxicity in the main organs.</p>Conclusion<p>Combining synergistic immune checkpoint inhibition with oncolytic virotherapy, the FilC/PD-1 recombinant vaccinia virus significantly increases anti-tumor immunity and slows the growth of HCC.</p>