Image 3_Age- and sex-specific reference intervals for trace elements in infants and children: a multi-center study in Lincang, China.jpg

Background<p>We used an algorithm to determine age- and sex-specific reference intervals (RIs) for copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium, iron, and lead in blood. Data were collected from three health screening centers.</p>Methods<p>The data were obtained from the trace element test res...

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Main Author: Junqiang Li (491954) (author)
Other Authors: Zhongguo Chen (2572636) (author), Xuezu Zhang (22328011) (author), Zhaobing Fu (22328014) (author), Min Qin (123347) (author)
Published: 2025
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author Junqiang Li (491954)
author2 Zhongguo Chen (2572636)
Xuezu Zhang (22328011)
Zhaobing Fu (22328014)
Min Qin (123347)
author2_role author
author
author
author
author_facet Junqiang Li (491954)
Zhongguo Chen (2572636)
Xuezu Zhang (22328011)
Zhaobing Fu (22328014)
Min Qin (123347)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Junqiang Li (491954)
Zhongguo Chen (2572636)
Xuezu Zhang (22328011)
Zhaobing Fu (22328014)
Min Qin (123347)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-09-29T05:21:55Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.3389/fped.2025.1547429.s004
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_3_Age-_and_sex-specific_reference_intervals_for_trace_elements_in_infants_and_children_a_multi-center_study_in_Lincang_China_jpg/30230125
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Foetal Development and Medicine
pediatric
reference intervals
trace elements
age partitioning
multi-center study
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Image 3_Age- and sex-specific reference intervals for trace elements in infants and children: a multi-center study in Lincang, China.jpg
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Image
Figure
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
image
description Background<p>We used an algorithm to determine age- and sex-specific reference intervals (RIs) for copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium, iron, and lead in blood. Data were collected from three health screening centers.</p>Methods<p>The data were obtained from the trace element test results of 3933 outpatients aged <18 years at three health examination centers in Lincang City between June 2014 and May 2024. Atomic absorption spectrometry was employed to measure the trace element. Participants were divided into subgroups at 1-year intervals according to age and gender. Decision trees were constructed by the Classification and Regression Tree method to determine the optimal age segmentation point. Harris-Boyd and Lahti methods were used to assess the appropriateness of age segmentation.</p>Results<p>After the appropriate segmentation points are determined, the refineR algorithm is applied to calculate RIs. After data cleaning, 3933 samples were analyzed for age subgroup partitioning of trace elements from 1 month through 18 years. The difference between the age sub-groups was statistically significant according to the Harris-Boyd method and the Lahti method. Blood copper and calcium levels gradually decreased with months and blood zinc and iron concentration gradually increased with months. After gradually decreasing with months, blood pb levels in boys and girls tended to peak at 15 years and beyond. Blood magnesium levels remained stable.</p>Conclusions<p>We have established RIs for six trace elements for children, and the methods we use provide reference for laboratories around the world.</p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
id Manara_1e00a3a67a93bfe4aaf9bb82509b0bab
identifier_str_mv 10.3389/fped.2025.1547429.s004
network_acronym_str Manara
network_name_str ManaraRepo
oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/30230125
publishDate 2025
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository_id_str
rights_invalid_str_mv CC BY 4.0
spelling Image 3_Age- and sex-specific reference intervals for trace elements in infants and children: a multi-center study in Lincang, China.jpgJunqiang Li (491954)Zhongguo Chen (2572636)Xuezu Zhang (22328011)Zhaobing Fu (22328014)Min Qin (123347)Foetal Development and Medicinepediatricreference intervalstrace elementsage partitioningmulti-center studyBackground<p>We used an algorithm to determine age- and sex-specific reference intervals (RIs) for copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium, iron, and lead in blood. Data were collected from three health screening centers.</p>Methods<p>The data were obtained from the trace element test results of 3933 outpatients aged <18 years at three health examination centers in Lincang City between June 2014 and May 2024. Atomic absorption spectrometry was employed to measure the trace element. Participants were divided into subgroups at 1-year intervals according to age and gender. Decision trees were constructed by the Classification and Regression Tree method to determine the optimal age segmentation point. Harris-Boyd and Lahti methods were used to assess the appropriateness of age segmentation.</p>Results<p>After the appropriate segmentation points are determined, the refineR algorithm is applied to calculate RIs. After data cleaning, 3933 samples were analyzed for age subgroup partitioning of trace elements from 1 month through 18 years. The difference between the age sub-groups was statistically significant according to the Harris-Boyd method and the Lahti method. Blood copper and calcium levels gradually decreased with months and blood zinc and iron concentration gradually increased with months. After gradually decreasing with months, blood pb levels in boys and girls tended to peak at 15 years and beyond. Blood magnesium levels remained stable.</p>Conclusions<p>We have established RIs for six trace elements for children, and the methods we use provide reference for laboratories around the world.</p>2025-09-29T05:21:55ZImageFigureinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionimage10.3389/fped.2025.1547429.s004https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_3_Age-_and_sex-specific_reference_intervals_for_trace_elements_in_infants_and_children_a_multi-center_study_in_Lincang_China_jpg/30230125CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/302301252025-09-29T05:21:55Z
spellingShingle Image 3_Age- and sex-specific reference intervals for trace elements in infants and children: a multi-center study in Lincang, China.jpg
Junqiang Li (491954)
Foetal Development and Medicine
pediatric
reference intervals
trace elements
age partitioning
multi-center study
status_str publishedVersion
title Image 3_Age- and sex-specific reference intervals for trace elements in infants and children: a multi-center study in Lincang, China.jpg
title_full Image 3_Age- and sex-specific reference intervals for trace elements in infants and children: a multi-center study in Lincang, China.jpg
title_fullStr Image 3_Age- and sex-specific reference intervals for trace elements in infants and children: a multi-center study in Lincang, China.jpg
title_full_unstemmed Image 3_Age- and sex-specific reference intervals for trace elements in infants and children: a multi-center study in Lincang, China.jpg
title_short Image 3_Age- and sex-specific reference intervals for trace elements in infants and children: a multi-center study in Lincang, China.jpg
title_sort Image 3_Age- and sex-specific reference intervals for trace elements in infants and children: a multi-center study in Lincang, China.jpg
topic Foetal Development and Medicine
pediatric
reference intervals
trace elements
age partitioning
multi-center study