Participant characteristics by tobacco dependence.

Participant characteristics by tobacco dependence.

<p>Participant characteristics by tobacco dependence.</p>

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Gloria Guevara Alvarez (20489524) (author)
Other Authors:	Thanh Hoang (6370427) (author), Reet Kapur (20489521) (author), Claire Nguyen (19943022) (author), Mari Armstrong-Hough (4574017) (author), Trang Nguyen (435425) (author), Nam Nguyen (508502) (author), Hoang Van Minh (5327537) (author), Donna Shelley (3436238) (author)
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Biotechnology Cancer Science Policy Infectious Diseases Virology Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified strong socioeconomic resources sectional quantitative surveys sample &# 8217 conducted qualitative interviews 2 &# 8211 3 times higher cause financial hardship higher daily expenditure explored smoking behavior thus reduce motivation limited among pwh participants perceived cigarettes hiv use tobacco higher exposure tobacco use thus underutilizing financial burden costly expenditure among hiv xlink "> viet nam tobacco spending tobacco products tobacco policies tobacco dependence study population study aims related spending reducing smoking receiving treatment pwh enrolled potential impact positively associated perceived cost participants acknowledged outpatient clinics negative individuals men living lowest taxes income spent hiv clinics ha noi describe tobacco considerable percentage chronic disease annual income alongside cross
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