Comparison with Existing Studies.
<div><p>Rock defects are a key internal factor leading to deformation and failure under load. This study investigates red sandstone specimens with combined pore–fracture defects at different pore dip angles through uniaxial compression tests, while employing Acoustic Emission monitoring...
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2025
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| _version_ | 1849927628044107776 |
|---|---|
| author | Na Zhao (112953) |
| author2 | Yu Wen (303123) Laigui Wang (12034789) |
| author2_role | author author |
| author_facet | Na Zhao (112953) Yu Wen (303123) Laigui Wang (12034789) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Na Zhao (112953) Yu Wen (303123) Laigui Wang (12034789) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-11-25T18:30:42Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0337723.g011 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Comparison_with_Existing_Studies_/30714043 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Biophysics Science Policy Infectious Diseases Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified wing crack connectivity uniaxial compression tests longer durations observed decreasing stage serving ae signal amplitude ae characteristic parameters ae burst stage tensile &# 8211 increase &# 8211 fluctuation &# 8211 decrease &# 8221 90 &# 176 75 &# 176 30 &# 176 favor axial cracks pores initially increases intact rock fails acoustic emission characteristics going wing cracks shear mixed mode ae evolution patterns pore dip angle rock failure modes &# 8220 dip angle shear cracks rock instability rock failure pores prolongs going failure failure characteristics dip angles value exhibits results indicate providing insights induce co fracture defects findings reveal failure process dominated failure disaster prevention angles tend |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Comparison with Existing Studies. |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Image Figure info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion image |
| description | <div><p>Rock defects are a key internal factor leading to deformation and failure under load. This study investigates red sandstone specimens with combined pore–fracture defects at different pore dip angles through uniaxial compression tests, while employing Acoustic Emission monitoring to capture the failure process. The evolution of AE characteristic parameters and rock failure modes is analyzed. The results indicate that: (1) the presence of pores prolongs both the time to failure and the onset of the AE burst stage, with longer durations observed at higher pore dip angles; (2) AE signal amplitude and frequency vary significantly across different loading stages, and the b-value exhibits an “increase–fluctuation–decrease” trend, with the decreasing stage serving as a precursor to rock instability; (3) pore dip angle strongly influences crack propagation types: dip angles of 0°–30° favor axial cracks and through-going wing cracks, 45°–75° angles tend to induce co-planar and wing crack connectivity, while 90° angles cause crack deviation, hindering through-going failure; (4) intact rock fails in a tensile–shear mixed mode, whereas the number of shear cracks in rocks with pores initially increases and then decreases with dip angle, reaching a maximum at 45°, resulting in shear-dominated failure. These findings reveal the failure characteristics and AE evolution patterns of rocks with combined pore–fracture defects at different pore dip angles, providing insights for the identification of precursors to rock failure and for disaster prevention and mitigation.</p></div> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara_36d79dbd1476f511a635a168a3e002f0 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0337723.g011 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara |
| network_name_str | ManaraRepo |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/30714043 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | Comparison with Existing Studies.Na Zhao (112953)Yu Wen (303123)Laigui Wang (12034789)BiophysicsScience PolicyInfectious DiseasesEnvironmental Sciences not elsewhere classifiedPhysical Sciences not elsewhere classifiedwing crack connectivityuniaxial compression testslonger durations observeddecreasing stage servingae signal amplitudeae characteristic parametersae burst stagetensile &# 8211increase &# 8211fluctuation &# 8211decrease &# 822190 &# 17675 &# 17630 &# 176favor axial crackspores initially increasesintact rock failsacoustic emission characteristicsgoing wing cracksshear mixed modeae evolution patternspore dip anglerock failure modes&# 8220dip angleshear cracksrock instabilityrock failurepores prolongsgoing failurefailure characteristicsdip anglesvalue exhibitsresults indicateproviding insightsinduce cofracture defectsfindings revealfailure processdominated failuredisaster preventionangles tend<div><p>Rock defects are a key internal factor leading to deformation and failure under load. This study investigates red sandstone specimens with combined pore–fracture defects at different pore dip angles through uniaxial compression tests, while employing Acoustic Emission monitoring to capture the failure process. The evolution of AE characteristic parameters and rock failure modes is analyzed. The results indicate that: (1) the presence of pores prolongs both the time to failure and the onset of the AE burst stage, with longer durations observed at higher pore dip angles; (2) AE signal amplitude and frequency vary significantly across different loading stages, and the b-value exhibits an “increase–fluctuation–decrease” trend, with the decreasing stage serving as a precursor to rock instability; (3) pore dip angle strongly influences crack propagation types: dip angles of 0°–30° favor axial cracks and through-going wing cracks, 45°–75° angles tend to induce co-planar and wing crack connectivity, while 90° angles cause crack deviation, hindering through-going failure; (4) intact rock fails in a tensile–shear mixed mode, whereas the number of shear cracks in rocks with pores initially increases and then decreases with dip angle, reaching a maximum at 45°, resulting in shear-dominated failure. These findings reveal the failure characteristics and AE evolution patterns of rocks with combined pore–fracture defects at different pore dip angles, providing insights for the identification of precursors to rock failure and for disaster prevention and mitigation.</p></div>2025-11-25T18:30:42ZImageFigureinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionimage10.1371/journal.pone.0337723.g011https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Comparison_with_Existing_Studies_/30714043CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/307140432025-11-25T18:30:42Z |
| spellingShingle | Comparison with Existing Studies. Na Zhao (112953) Biophysics Science Policy Infectious Diseases Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified wing crack connectivity uniaxial compression tests longer durations observed decreasing stage serving ae signal amplitude ae characteristic parameters ae burst stage tensile &# 8211 increase &# 8211 fluctuation &# 8211 decrease &# 8221 90 &# 176 75 &# 176 30 &# 176 favor axial cracks pores initially increases intact rock fails acoustic emission characteristics going wing cracks shear mixed mode ae evolution patterns pore dip angle rock failure modes &# 8220 dip angle shear cracks rock instability rock failure pores prolongs going failure failure characteristics dip angles value exhibits results indicate providing insights induce co fracture defects findings reveal failure process dominated failure disaster prevention angles tend |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Comparison with Existing Studies. |
| title_full | Comparison with Existing Studies. |
| title_fullStr | Comparison with Existing Studies. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison with Existing Studies. |
| title_short | Comparison with Existing Studies. |
| title_sort | Comparison with Existing Studies. |
| topic | Biophysics Science Policy Infectious Diseases Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified wing crack connectivity uniaxial compression tests longer durations observed decreasing stage serving ae signal amplitude ae characteristic parameters ae burst stage tensile &# 8211 increase &# 8211 fluctuation &# 8211 decrease &# 8221 90 &# 176 75 &# 176 30 &# 176 favor axial cracks pores initially increases intact rock fails acoustic emission characteristics going wing cracks shear mixed mode ae evolution patterns pore dip angle rock failure modes &# 8220 dip angle shear cracks rock instability rock failure pores prolongs going failure failure characteristics dip angles value exhibits results indicate providing insights induce co fracture defects findings reveal failure process dominated failure disaster prevention angles tend |