Table 5_Role of CD28+ PD-1+ Tc cells in immune response and prognosis prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma.docx

Background<p>CD28<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> Tc cells (CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells) constitute a dysfunctional subset of T cell; however, the mechanisms underlying their dysfunction and their significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. We aim...

وصف كامل

محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Wuhan Yang (18103934) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: Teng Pan (6550055) (author), Yaowen Chen (522113) (author), Hao Guo (346528) (author), Yaqi Peng (3203373) (author), Chao Wang (146527) (author), Li Peng (83452) (author), Shubin Wang (3105348) (author)
منشور في: 2025
الموضوعات:
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الوصف
الملخص:Background<p>CD28<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> Tc cells (CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells) constitute a dysfunctional subset of T cell; however, the mechanisms underlying their dysfunction and their significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. We aimed to elucidate the prognostic significance and molecular characteristics of CD28<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> Tc cell infiltration in HCC.</p>Methods<p>We established a single-cell HCC transcriptional map, focusing on cell-cell communication and trajectory analysis of CD28<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> Tc cells. We assessed the correlation between CD28<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> Tc-cell enrichment and prognosis and investigated potential molecular mechanisms using enrichment analyses. Flow cytometry was used to compare CD28<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> Tc-cell infiltration between HCC and adjacent normal tissues and cytotoxic factors and immune checkpoint expression were evaluated.</p>Results<p>Overall, 25,644 T cells were identified from single-cell RNA sequencing data from 10 HCC samples and corresponding normal samples. Overall T-cell infiltration was lower in HCC tissues, with significantly higher CD28<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> Tc-cell infiltration. Bulk RNA sequencing data integration revealed a correlation between higher CD28<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> Tc-cell infiltration and significantly worse prognosis. Flow cytometry confirmed higher CD28<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> Tc-cell enrichment in HCC tissues. Additionally, cytotoxic factor expression was significantly lower in CD28<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> Tc cells than in CD28<sup>-</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> Tc cells, with lower expression of TIGIT and TIM-3 immune checkpoint molecules.</p>Conclusions<p>Significantly high CD28<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> Tc-cell enrichment in HCC indicates potential immune dysfunction. CD28<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> Tc-cell enrichment may serve as a sensitive prognostic marker and indicator for predicting treatment responses.</p>