Distinct worker sub-castes.

Distinct worker sub-castes.

<p><b>(A)</b> Major big worker. <b>(B)</b> Major intermediate worker. <b>(C)</b> Intermediate worker 3. <b>(D)</b> Intermediate worker 2. <b>(E)</b> Minor worker. Examination by stereomicroscope Nikon SMZ800N (A-B) and ZEISS Stereo Di...

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التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي:	Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون:	Rosli Ramli (3809365) (author), Roslinazairimah Zakaria (21578518) (author), Azarae Hj Idris (21578521) (author), Zubaidah Ya’cob (579660) (author), Rabha W. Ibrahim (17207644) (author), Salmah Yaakop (12812622) (author), Nurul Wahida Othman (21578524) (author)
منشور في:	2025
الموضوعات:	Neuroscience Evolutionary Biology Ecology Infectious Diseases unknown sticky substance solid silken chambers shining reflection ), reproductive winged green queen production increases oecophylla smaragdina </ limau kasturi (< first defensive layers elaeis guineensis </ closer nest distance citrus microcarpa </ challenging abiotic factors average mature three asian weaver ant arboreal ant species wingless workers along bigger workers occupied aided larger workers social structure composition overall worker ’ collect adult males adult drone males workers ’ width intermediate workers maintained traditionally known caste separately dissected head div >< p one major intermediate major workers intermediate workers two intermediate social organization one sub colony ’ caste ’ males averages younger colonies wide plantations territorial perimeter territorial frontier short lifespan segregated nests removing individuals relative humidity protective yellowish overheating exposure older colonies morphological traits mean number length measurements
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مواد مشابهة

Generalized estimating equation.
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

PCA Eigenvector proportion – variables contribution.
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

One-way ANOVA post-hoc Tukey HSD.
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

Worker morphological measurements – abbreviations.
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

Box plot of queens and males in the young colony (left) and old colony (right) A-B compares the queens and males distribution in the young and old colonies, respectively.
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

Correlation plot (Pearson correlation) of young colony (left) and old colony (right).
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

Correlation plot (Pearson correlation – histogram).
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

Leadership and supervision activity of bigger size major workers.
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

Major and intermediate workers’ collective daily foraging activity.
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

A) From the scree plot, PC1 explains the most variance (95.5%), meaning it captures most of the variation in the dataset.
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

Correlation plot (Pearson correlation – histogram). The correlation plot illustrates the relationships between body dimensions. The corresponding correlation values quantify the strength of each relationship. The closer a value is to one, the stronger the positive relationship between the variables, namely HW, HL, TL, AL, and BL. The red spots represent the mean values.
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

Kruskal-Wallis median plot. The median line plots are generated from the Kruskal-Wallis test. These plots illustrate that each sub-caste of ant workers has significantly different medians for body dimensions (HW, HL, TL, AL, BL), showing how the median of each morphological trait varies across different ant sub-castes.
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

Box plot: Comparison of body dimensions (HW, HL, TL, BL, AL) by worker sub-caste.
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

<i>O. smaragdina</i> worker Antennal segments.
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

Various castes of <i>O. smaragdina.</i>
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

Immature stage of <i>O. smaragdina</i> individuals.
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

<i>O. smaragdina</i> yellowish eggs clusters. (A) Separated and tallied eggs from brood nests with a glossy appearance. (B) Compact egg clusters with a micron-sized standard. Examining using Nikon SMZ800N stereomicroscope. Photo credit: Exelis Moïse Pierre.
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

Comparison between specimens. A major worker specimen from Thailand was taken as a reference model (CASENT0173647, April Nobile) and matched with sampled individuals collected in Felda Gunung Besout plantations during this research. The measurements follow the three views shown: a frontal view (HW, red line – A), a side view (TL, yellow line, AL, red line, and BL, black line – B), and a dorsal view (C). (HL, red line – BL, black line – C). As for other measured body parts, the head section was dissected to minimize margin error occurrences (thorax and abdomen – D). Images are accessible at www.antweb.org. AntWeb. Version 8.64.2. California Academy of Science, online at https://www.antweb.org. Accessed 22 September 2021.
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

Sampling site at Felda Gunung Besout Perak.
حسب: Moïse Pierre Exélis (21578515)
منشور في: (2025)

Different temperature effects on aggressive behavior of worker honey bees.
حسب: Olav Rueppell (126647)
منشور في: (2025)

Continuous exposure to newly emerged nestmates affects aggressive behavior of worker honey bees.
حسب: Olav Rueppell (126647)
منشور في: (2025)

All raw data plus calculated response indices from the study.
حسب: Olav Rueppell (126647)
منشور في: (2025)

Median ± IQR <i>M. plutonius</i> bacterial load (CFU/bee) of caged adult summer worker bees (n = 114 bees/group) introduced on day 3 into field colonies later treated 3 times at 4 days interval with sham or oxytetracycline treatment.
حسب: Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846)
منشور في: (2025)

Median ± IQR <i>M. plutonius</i> bacterial load (CFU/bee) of newly emerged summer worker bees inoculated with 1 × 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/bee <i>M. plutonius</i> 2019BC1 and/or treated withA. TYL (3 times, q7D), B. LMC (3 times, q7D), C. sham (3 times, q7D), D. OTC (3 times, q4D), E. OTC (1 time) and F. sham (3 times, q4D. Red-dotted line represents calculated inoculation dose (CFU/bee) administered on day 1. *, represents significant differences from D3 bacterial load, with P < 0.05.
حسب: Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846)
منشور في: (2025)

Mean percent survival of newly emerged worker bees (n = 180/group) in the laboratory inoculated with 1 × 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/bee <i>M. plutonius</i> 2019BC1 and/or one (1X) or three (3X) treatment of oxytetracycline (OTC) lincomycin (LMC) or tylosin (TYL).
حسب: Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846)
منشور في: (2025)

Median ± IQR <i>M. plutonius</i> bacterial load (CFU/bee) of adult winter worker bees in the laboratory inoculated with A. <i>M. plutonius</i> ATCC3511 or B. <i>M. plutonius</i> 2019BC1.
حسب: Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846)
منشور في: (2025)

Mean percent survival of adult winter bees (n = 180/group) over time (in days) after inoculation with 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/bee <i>M. plutonius</i> ATCC3511 or 2019BC1 in laboratory cages.
حسب: Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846)
منشور في: (2025)

Median ± IQR <i>M. plutonius</i> bacterial load (CFU/bee) of adult summer worker bees over time after introduction on D3 into field colonies.
حسب: Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846)
منشور في: (2025)

Median ± IQR <i>M. plutonius</i> bacterial load (CFU/bee) of caged adult summer worker bees over time after inoculation with A. low (1 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/bee)B. Medium (1 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/bee) and C. high doses (1 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/bee) of <i>M. plutonius</i> 2019BC1 on day 1.
حسب: Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846)
منشور في: (2025)

Mean percent survival of adult summer worker bees (n = 180/group) over time (in days) after inoculation with incremental doses of (CFU/bee) of <i>M. plutonius</i> in laboratory cages.
حسب: Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846)
منشور في: (2025)

Study design to investigate <i>M. plutonius</i> colonization in adult worker bees.
حسب: Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846)
منشور في: (2025)

<i>M. plutonius</i> culture on a pooled sample of 3 bees from laboratory cages inoculated with two strains of <i>M. plutonius.</i>
حسب: Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846)
منشور في: (2025)

<i>M. plutonius</i> culture on a pooled sample of 3 bees from field colonies treated with OTC 3X.
حسب: Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846)
منشور في: (2025)

<i>M. plutonius</i> culture on a pooled sample of 3 bees inoculated with <i>M. plutonius</i> in cages treated with one of the three antibiotics.
حسب: Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846)
منشور في: (2025)

<i>M. plutonius</i> culture on a pooled sample of 3 bees collected from field colonies.
حسب: Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846)
منشور في: (2025)

<i>M. plutonius</i> culture on a pooled sample of 3 bees inoculated with <i>M. plutonius</i> in the laboratory.
حسب: Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846)
منشور في: (2025)

The bacterial count (CFU/mL) of inoculum provided to the bees on D1 (mean±SD).
حسب: Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846)
منشور في: (2025)

Mean (±SD) sugar consumption (µL/bee) of newly emerged summer worker bees in laboratory inoculated with 1 × 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/bee <i>M. plutonius</i> 2019BC1 and or treated with oxytetracycline (OTC) lincomycin (LMC) or tylosin (TYL).
حسب: Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846)
منشور في: (2025)

Mean (±SD) syrup consumption (µL/bee) of adult winter worker bees (n = 180/group) over time (in days) after inoculation with either <i>M. plutonius</i> ATCC 3511 or <i>M. plutonius</i> 2019BC1.
حسب: Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846)
منشور في: (2025)

Mean (±SD) sugar consumption (µL/bee) of adult summer worker bees (n = 180/group) over time (in days) after inoculation with A. one of 6 incremental doses of of <i>M. plutonius</i> or B. one of 3 incremental (low, medium and high) doses of <i>M. plutonius</i> in laboratory cages.
حسب: Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846)
منشور في: (2025)

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