Soil contaminants from mining activities.
<div><p>Mining environmental liabilities (MELs) are abandoned deposits resulting from extractive activities that pose a high risk of contamination and remain an unresolved challenge for authorities worldwide. This study evaluated the contamination levels of potentially toxic elements (PT...
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2025
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| _version_ | 1849927628993069056 |
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| author | César Julio Cáceda Quiroz (22683324) |
| author2 | Gisela July Maraza Choque (22683327) Gabriela de Lourdes Fora Quispe (22683330) Diana Galeska Farfan Pajuelo (22683333) Edwin Denis Obando Velarde (22683336) Fulvia Chiampo (22683339) Milena Carpio Mamani (22683342) |
| author2_role | author author author author author author |
| author_facet | César Julio Cáceda Quiroz (22683324) Gisela July Maraza Choque (22683327) Gabriela de Lourdes Fora Quispe (22683330) Diana Galeska Farfan Pajuelo (22683333) Edwin Denis Obando Velarde (22683336) Fulvia Chiampo (22683339) Milena Carpio Mamani (22683342) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | César Julio Cáceda Quiroz (22683324) Gisela July Maraza Choque (22683327) Gabriela de Lourdes Fora Quispe (22683330) Diana Galeska Farfan Pajuelo (22683333) Edwin Denis Obando Velarde (22683336) Fulvia Chiampo (22683339) Milena Carpio Mamani (22683342) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-11-25T18:27:16Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0311470.t003 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Soil_contaminants_from_mining_activities_/30713649 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Cell Biology Biotechnology Ecology Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified statistically significant differences revealed multiple sources principal component analysis potentially toxic elements exceeded regulatory standards critical preliminary assessment comprehensive baseline assessments abandoned deposits resulting 961 &# 8201 64 &# 8201 271 &# 8201 102 &# 8201 epa 7199 methods epa 6020a method potential ecological implications kg ), lead kg ), cadmium peru </ p ecological risks associated associated ecological risks risks associated kg ), epa 9013a social risks ms ), 05 ), urgent need unresolved challenge sustainable strategies study evaluated rural communities research provides remediation efforts performed following observed across largely attributed interpretative scale international policies high risk hexavalent chromium global scales free cyanide findings underscore extractive activities environmental liabilities environmental legacies determined using current lack considerable margin authorities worldwide |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Soil contaminants from mining activities. |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Dataset info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion dataset |
| description | <div><p>Mining environmental liabilities (MELs) are abandoned deposits resulting from extractive activities that pose a high risk of contamination and remain an unresolved challenge for authorities worldwide. This study evaluated the contamination levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and their associated ecological risks in MELs, using multiple environmental indices. Analyses were performed following the EPA 6020A method with acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), while free cyanide and hexavalent chromium were determined using the EPA 9013A and EPA 7199 methods, respectively. The results revealed elevated concentrations of arsenic (1,102 mg/kg), cadmium (271 mg/kg), lead (15,961 mg/kg), and free cyanide (64 mg/kg), which exceeded regulatory standards by a considerable margin. Statistically significant differences were observed across the sites (p < 0.05). In addition, the presence of flora, fauna, rivers, and rural communities in proximity to these abandoned mining sites amplifies both ecological and social risks. The applied indices consistently indicated severe levels of contamination and high ecological risk across all areas evaluated. Although no statistically significant differences were found in some indices (p > 0.05), the magnitude of the recorded values remains ecologically relevant. Notably, each index has its own interpretative scale, allowing for an independent and robust evaluation of contamination severity and its potential ecological implications. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed multiple sources of pollution, while Spearman correlation analysis identified strong associations among PTEs, suggesting common environmental dispersion pathways. This research provides a critical preliminary assessment of the risks associated with these environmental legacies and emphasizes the urgent need for remediation efforts at both local and global scales. The current lack of action is largely attributed to the absence of comprehensive baseline assessments. The findings underscore the importance of prioritizing their management through sustainable strategies and international policies to mitigate environmental impacts.</p></div> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara_5025c05449c253b840c388389d7766f6 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0311470.t003 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara |
| network_name_str | ManaraRepo |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/30713649 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | Soil contaminants from mining activities.César Julio Cáceda Quiroz (22683324)Gisela July Maraza Choque (22683327)Gabriela de Lourdes Fora Quispe (22683330)Diana Galeska Farfan Pajuelo (22683333)Edwin Denis Obando Velarde (22683336)Fulvia Chiampo (22683339)Milena Carpio Mamani (22683342)Cell BiologyBiotechnologyEcologyEnvironmental Sciences not elsewhere classifiedBiological Sciences not elsewhere classifiedstatistically significant differencesrevealed multiple sourcesprincipal component analysispotentially toxic elementsexceeded regulatory standardscritical preliminary assessmentcomprehensive baseline assessmentsabandoned deposits resulting961 &# 820164 &# 8201271 &# 8201102 &# 8201epa 7199 methodsepa 6020a methodpotential ecological implicationskg ), leadkg ), cadmiumperu </ pecological risks associatedassociated ecological risksrisks associatedkg ),epa 9013asocial risksms ),05 ),urgent needunresolved challengesustainable strategiesstudy evaluatedrural communitiesresearch providesremediation effortsperformed followingobserved acrosslargely attributedinterpretative scaleinternational policieshigh riskhexavalent chromiumglobal scalesfree cyanidefindings underscoreextractive activitiesenvironmental liabilitiesenvironmental legaciesdetermined usingcurrent lackconsiderable marginauthorities worldwide<div><p>Mining environmental liabilities (MELs) are abandoned deposits resulting from extractive activities that pose a high risk of contamination and remain an unresolved challenge for authorities worldwide. This study evaluated the contamination levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and their associated ecological risks in MELs, using multiple environmental indices. Analyses were performed following the EPA 6020A method with acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), while free cyanide and hexavalent chromium were determined using the EPA 9013A and EPA 7199 methods, respectively. The results revealed elevated concentrations of arsenic (1,102 mg/kg), cadmium (271 mg/kg), lead (15,961 mg/kg), and free cyanide (64 mg/kg), which exceeded regulatory standards by a considerable margin. Statistically significant differences were observed across the sites (p < 0.05). In addition, the presence of flora, fauna, rivers, and rural communities in proximity to these abandoned mining sites amplifies both ecological and social risks. The applied indices consistently indicated severe levels of contamination and high ecological risk across all areas evaluated. Although no statistically significant differences were found in some indices (p > 0.05), the magnitude of the recorded values remains ecologically relevant. Notably, each index has its own interpretative scale, allowing for an independent and robust evaluation of contamination severity and its potential ecological implications. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed multiple sources of pollution, while Spearman correlation analysis identified strong associations among PTEs, suggesting common environmental dispersion pathways. This research provides a critical preliminary assessment of the risks associated with these environmental legacies and emphasizes the urgent need for remediation efforts at both local and global scales. The current lack of action is largely attributed to the absence of comprehensive baseline assessments. The findings underscore the importance of prioritizing their management through sustainable strategies and international policies to mitigate environmental impacts.</p></div>2025-11-25T18:27:16ZDatasetinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiondataset10.1371/journal.pone.0311470.t003https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Soil_contaminants_from_mining_activities_/30713649CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/307136492025-11-25T18:27:16Z |
| spellingShingle | Soil contaminants from mining activities. César Julio Cáceda Quiroz (22683324) Cell Biology Biotechnology Ecology Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified statistically significant differences revealed multiple sources principal component analysis potentially toxic elements exceeded regulatory standards critical preliminary assessment comprehensive baseline assessments abandoned deposits resulting 961 &# 8201 64 &# 8201 271 &# 8201 102 &# 8201 epa 7199 methods epa 6020a method potential ecological implications kg ), lead kg ), cadmium peru </ p ecological risks associated associated ecological risks risks associated kg ), epa 9013a social risks ms ), 05 ), urgent need unresolved challenge sustainable strategies study evaluated rural communities research provides remediation efforts performed following observed across largely attributed interpretative scale international policies high risk hexavalent chromium global scales free cyanide findings underscore extractive activities environmental liabilities environmental legacies determined using current lack considerable margin authorities worldwide |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Soil contaminants from mining activities. |
| title_full | Soil contaminants from mining activities. |
| title_fullStr | Soil contaminants from mining activities. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soil contaminants from mining activities. |
| title_short | Soil contaminants from mining activities. |
| title_sort | Soil contaminants from mining activities. |
| topic | Cell Biology Biotechnology Ecology Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified statistically significant differences revealed multiple sources principal component analysis potentially toxic elements exceeded regulatory standards critical preliminary assessment comprehensive baseline assessments abandoned deposits resulting 961 &# 8201 64 &# 8201 271 &# 8201 102 &# 8201 epa 7199 methods epa 6020a method potential ecological implications kg ), lead kg ), cadmium peru </ p ecological risks associated associated ecological risks risks associated kg ), epa 9013a social risks ms ), 05 ), urgent need unresolved challenge sustainable strategies study evaluated rural communities research provides remediation efforts performed following observed across largely attributed interpretative scale international policies high risk hexavalent chromium global scales free cyanide findings underscore extractive activities environmental liabilities environmental legacies determined using current lack considerable margin authorities worldwide |