Phenotyping of children with abdominal pain.

<p><b>A.</b> Scatter plots based on three new variables generated by unsupervised Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP). Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) found 3 distinct phenotypes. <b>B.</b> Hierarchical...

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Main Author: Kazuya Takahashi (69459) (author)
Other Authors: Michalina Lubiatowska (22567103) (author), Huma Shehwana (6082751) (author), James K. Ruffle (20748127) (author), John A. Williams (420691) (author), Animesh Acharjee (3524051) (author), Shuji Terai (496086) (author), Georgios V. Gkoutos (8025890) (author), Humayoon Satti (22567106) (author), Qasim Aziz (4584709) (author)
Published: 2025
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Summary:<p><b>A.</b> Scatter plots based on three new variables generated by unsupervised Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP). Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) found 3 distinct phenotypes. <b>B.</b> Hierarchical structure of identified phenotypes (Condensed Tree). The vertical axis (λ value = 1/ε, density scale) represents the density scale used by the HDBSCAN algorithm. HDBSCAN performs hierarchical clustering by varying the distance threshold that defines neighborhood connectivity (ε). Smaller ε (larger λ) corresponds to higher-density regions, while larger ε (smaller λ) represents broader, lower-density structures. Clusters that persist across a wider range of λ values (longer vertical branches) indicate more stable and well-defined groups. The horizontal axis shows the cluster hierarchy, corresponding to different cluster branches identified by HDBSCAN. Each branch represents a cluster that emerges and persists across density thresholds. The color of each branch indicates the number of data points (cluster size), as shown in the color bar on the right. <b>C.</b> Scatter plots color-coded by representative variables. Each plot is colored according to the representative variables that characterize the three phenotypes.</p>