<b>CHRONEX-US: City-level historical road network expansion dataset for the conterminous United States</b>
<p dir="ltr">Geospatial datasets on the long-term evolution of road networks are scarce, hampering our quantitative understanding of how the contemporary road network has evolved over the course of the 20<sup>th</sup> century. However, such information is crucial to bette...
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2025
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| _version_ | 1852019185187553280 |
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| author | Johannes H. Uhl (9706325) |
| author2 | Keith A. Burghardt (17916527) Stefan Leyk (9706404) |
| author2_role | author author |
| author_facet | Johannes H. Uhl (9706325) Keith A. Burghardt (17916527) Stefan Leyk (9706404) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Johannes H. Uhl (9706325) Keith A. Burghardt (17916527) Stefan Leyk (9706404) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-06-19T21:18:04Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.6084/m9.figshare.28644674.v1 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/_b_CHRONEX-US_City-level_historical_road_network_expansion_dataset_for_the_conterminous_United_States_b_/28644674 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | History and theory of the built environment (excl. architecture) Land use and environmental planning Regional analysis and development Transport planning Urban analysis and development Computational modelling and simulation in earth sciences Geoinformatics not elsewhere classified Digital history Transport geography Urban geography Road network patterns street networks and other built environments built environment urbanization urban sprawl suburbanization road network evolution National Transportation Dataset NTD US Metropolitan statistical areas |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | <b>CHRONEX-US: City-level historical road network expansion dataset for the conterminous United States</b> |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Dataset info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion dataset |
| description | <p dir="ltr">Geospatial datasets on the long-term evolution of road networks are scarce, hampering our quantitative understanding of how the contemporary road network has evolved over the course of the 20<sup>th</sup> century. However, such information is crucial to better understand the dynamics of road network growth and expansion, and to shed light on the consequences of (sub-) urbanization processes, such as increasing mobility, traffic congestion, land take and transportation inequality.</p><p dir="ltr"><a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.16625" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">CHRONEX-US</a> (“<b>C</b>ity-level <b>H</b>istorical <b>R</b><b>O</b>ad <b>N</b>etwork <b>EX</b>pansion dataset for the conterminous <b>U</b>nited <b>S</b>tates”), is a geospatial vector dataset reporting estimates of the construction year for each road segment in densely and semi-densely built-up spaces within 693 core-based statistical areas (i.e., Metropolitan and Micropolitan statistical areas) in the conterminous US. CHRONEX-US is based on the USGS National Transportation Dataset (NTD), integrated with the historical settlement compilation for the US (HISDAC-US). CHRONEX-US reports model-based construction epoch estimates for urban and peri-urban local / residential road network segments, using three different model-based scenarios. The vector data inherit topological integrity from the NTD data allowing for routing and other connectivity-based analyses within temporal strata of urban road networks. CHRONEX-US vector geometries are attributed with the US Census Bureau’s MAF/TIGER Feature Class Code (MTFCC), enabling stratification of the data by road category. The CHRONEX-US data descriptor (preprint) is available <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.16625" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">here</a>.</p><p dir="ltr">CHRONEX-US is available as a ZIP file containing 693 GeoPackage (.GPKG) geospatial vector polyline data files, named ”chronex_us_.gpkg”, with being the 5-digit identifier (GEOID) of the CBSA as defined by the US Census Bureau. Each GPKG contains the NTD road network vector data (polyline) clipped to the GBUA 2015 extents, split at the GBUA boundaries of previous years. The spatial reference system is the local UTM projection for each CBSA, facilitating distance- and orientation-based analyses. The attributes are:</p><ul><li>MTFCC_CODE: The US Census Bureau’s MAF/TIGER Feature Class Code (<a href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/mtfccs2019.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">MTFCC; see https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/mtfccs2019.pdf</a>).</li><li>yr_lower_M1: Earliest year of the estimated construction epoch according to model 1</li><li>yr_upper_M1: Latest year of the estimated construction epoch according to model 1</li><li>yr_lower_M2: Earliest year of the estimated construction epoch according to model 2</li><li>yr_upper_M2: Latest year of the estimated construction epoch according to model 2</li><li>yr_lower_M3: Earliest year of the estimated construction epoch according to model 3</li><li>yr_upper_M3: Latest year of the estimated construction epoch according to model 3</li><li>yr_< lower,upper >_< min,max,mean,std,range >: Statistics summarizing the estimates of the three models. The standard deviation (std) and the range can be used to measure agreement of the three models.</li></ul><p dir="ltr">NoData values of the year estimates indicate that the road network segment was not included in the specific model (i.e., not overlapping with any GBUA polygon after buffering. A lower year of “0” indicates an estimated road construction year <1900.</p><p dir="ltr">CHRONEX-US data descriptor (preprint): Uhl, J.H., Burghardt, K.,and Leyk, S. (2025). CHRONEX-US: City-level historical road network expansion dataset for the conterminous United States. arXiv preprint. <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16625" target="_blank">arXiv:2506.16625</a> [physics.soc-ph], <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.16625" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.16625</a>.</p><p dir="ltr">Related work based on CHRONEX-US:</p><p dir="ltr"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101803" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Burghardt, K., Uhl, J. H., Lerman, K., & Leyk, S. (2022). Road network evolution in the urban and rural United States since 1900. <i>Computers, Environment and Urban Systems</i>, <i>95</i>, 101803.</a></p><p dir="ltr"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241240099" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Burghardt, K., Uhl, J. H., Lerman, K., & Leyk, S. (2024). Analyzing urban scaling laws in the United States over 115 years. <i>Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science</i>, <i>51</i>(9), 2249-2263.</a></p><p dir="ltr"><a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.13181" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Burghardt, K., Uhl, J. H., Lerman, K., & Leyk, S. (2024). Universal Patterns in the Long-term Growth of Urban Infrastructure in US Cities from 1900 to 2015. <i>arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.13181</i>.</a></p><p dir="ltr"><a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19584088" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Burghardt, Keith; Uhl, Johannes H. (2022). Historical road network statistics for core-based statistical areas in the U.S. (1900 - 2010). figshare. Dataset.</a></p><p dir="ltr">CHRONEX-US is based on the <a href="https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/data/USGS:ad3d631d-f51f-4b6a-91a3-e617d6a58b4e" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">National Transportation Dataset</a> and the <a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19593409" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Historical, generalized built-up areas in U.S. core-based statistical areas 1900 - 2015 dataset (Uhl and Burghardt 2022)</a>. CHRONEX-US is part of the <a href="https://figshare.com/projects/USRoadNetworkEvolution/137044" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">USRoadNetworkEvolution</a> project.</p><p><br></p><p><br></p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara_6dcdeeed6caafa359a61ed2b72f02f21 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.6084/m9.figshare.28644674.v1 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara |
| network_name_str | ManaraRepo |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/28644674 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | <b>CHRONEX-US: City-level historical road network expansion dataset for the conterminous United States</b>Johannes H. Uhl (9706325)Keith A. Burghardt (17916527)Stefan Leyk (9706404)History and theory of the built environment (excl. architecture)Land use and environmental planningRegional analysis and developmentTransport planningUrban analysis and developmentComputational modelling and simulation in earth sciencesGeoinformatics not elsewhere classifiedDigital historyTransport geographyUrban geographyRoad network patternsstreet networks and other built environmentsbuilt environmenturbanizationurban sprawlsuburbanizationroad network evolutionNational Transportation DatasetNTDUS Metropolitan statistical areas<p dir="ltr">Geospatial datasets on the long-term evolution of road networks are scarce, hampering our quantitative understanding of how the contemporary road network has evolved over the course of the 20<sup>th</sup> century. However, such information is crucial to better understand the dynamics of road network growth and expansion, and to shed light on the consequences of (sub-) urbanization processes, such as increasing mobility, traffic congestion, land take and transportation inequality.</p><p dir="ltr"><a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.16625" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">CHRONEX-US</a> (“<b>C</b>ity-level <b>H</b>istorical <b>R</b><b>O</b>ad <b>N</b>etwork <b>EX</b>pansion dataset for the conterminous <b>U</b>nited <b>S</b>tates”), is a geospatial vector dataset reporting estimates of the construction year for each road segment in densely and semi-densely built-up spaces within 693 core-based statistical areas (i.e., Metropolitan and Micropolitan statistical areas) in the conterminous US. CHRONEX-US is based on the USGS National Transportation Dataset (NTD), integrated with the historical settlement compilation for the US (HISDAC-US). CHRONEX-US reports model-based construction epoch estimates for urban and peri-urban local / residential road network segments, using three different model-based scenarios. The vector data inherit topological integrity from the NTD data allowing for routing and other connectivity-based analyses within temporal strata of urban road networks. CHRONEX-US vector geometries are attributed with the US Census Bureau’s MAF/TIGER Feature Class Code (MTFCC), enabling stratification of the data by road category. The CHRONEX-US data descriptor (preprint) is available <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.16625" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">here</a>.</p><p dir="ltr">CHRONEX-US is available as a ZIP file containing 693 GeoPackage (.GPKG) geospatial vector polyline data files, named ”chronex_us_.gpkg”, with being the 5-digit identifier (GEOID) of the CBSA as defined by the US Census Bureau. Each GPKG contains the NTD road network vector data (polyline) clipped to the GBUA 2015 extents, split at the GBUA boundaries of previous years. The spatial reference system is the local UTM projection for each CBSA, facilitating distance- and orientation-based analyses. The attributes are:</p><ul><li>MTFCC_CODE: The US Census Bureau’s MAF/TIGER Feature Class Code (<a href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/mtfccs2019.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">MTFCC; see https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/mtfccs2019.pdf</a>).</li><li>yr_lower_M1: Earliest year of the estimated construction epoch according to model 1</li><li>yr_upper_M1: Latest year of the estimated construction epoch according to model 1</li><li>yr_lower_M2: Earliest year of the estimated construction epoch according to model 2</li><li>yr_upper_M2: Latest year of the estimated construction epoch according to model 2</li><li>yr_lower_M3: Earliest year of the estimated construction epoch according to model 3</li><li>yr_upper_M3: Latest year of the estimated construction epoch according to model 3</li><li>yr_< lower,upper >_< min,max,mean,std,range >: Statistics summarizing the estimates of the three models. The standard deviation (std) and the range can be used to measure agreement of the three models.</li></ul><p dir="ltr">NoData values of the year estimates indicate that the road network segment was not included in the specific model (i.e., not overlapping with any GBUA polygon after buffering. A lower year of “0” indicates an estimated road construction year <1900.</p><p dir="ltr">CHRONEX-US data descriptor (preprint): Uhl, J.H., Burghardt, K.,and Leyk, S. (2025). CHRONEX-US: City-level historical road network expansion dataset for the conterminous United States. arXiv preprint. <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16625" target="_blank">arXiv:2506.16625</a> [physics.soc-ph], <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.16625" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.16625</a>.</p><p dir="ltr">Related work based on CHRONEX-US:</p><p dir="ltr"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101803" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Burghardt, K., Uhl, J. H., Lerman, K., & Leyk, S. (2022). Road network evolution in the urban and rural United States since 1900. <i>Computers, Environment and Urban Systems</i>, <i>95</i>, 101803.</a></p><p dir="ltr"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241240099" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Burghardt, K., Uhl, J. H., Lerman, K., & Leyk, S. (2024). Analyzing urban scaling laws in the United States over 115 years. <i>Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science</i>, <i>51</i>(9), 2249-2263.</a></p><p dir="ltr"><a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.13181" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Burghardt, K., Uhl, J. H., Lerman, K., & Leyk, S. (2024). Universal Patterns in the Long-term Growth of Urban Infrastructure in US Cities from 1900 to 2015. <i>arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.13181</i>.</a></p><p dir="ltr"><a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19584088" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Burghardt, Keith; Uhl, Johannes H. (2022). Historical road network statistics for core-based statistical areas in the U.S. (1900 - 2010). figshare. Dataset.</a></p><p dir="ltr">CHRONEX-US is based on the <a href="https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/data/USGS:ad3d631d-f51f-4b6a-91a3-e617d6a58b4e" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">National Transportation Dataset</a> and the <a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19593409" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Historical, generalized built-up areas in U.S. core-based statistical areas 1900 - 2015 dataset (Uhl and Burghardt 2022)</a>. CHRONEX-US is part of the <a href="https://figshare.com/projects/USRoadNetworkEvolution/137044" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">USRoadNetworkEvolution</a> project.</p><p><br></p><p><br></p>2025-06-19T21:18:04ZDatasetinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiondataset10.6084/m9.figshare.28644674.v1https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/_b_CHRONEX-US_City-level_historical_road_network_expansion_dataset_for_the_conterminous_United_States_b_/28644674CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/286446742025-06-19T21:18:04Z |
| spellingShingle | <b>CHRONEX-US: City-level historical road network expansion dataset for the conterminous United States</b> Johannes H. Uhl (9706325) History and theory of the built environment (excl. architecture) Land use and environmental planning Regional analysis and development Transport planning Urban analysis and development Computational modelling and simulation in earth sciences Geoinformatics not elsewhere classified Digital history Transport geography Urban geography Road network patterns street networks and other built environments built environment urbanization urban sprawl suburbanization road network evolution National Transportation Dataset NTD US Metropolitan statistical areas |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | <b>CHRONEX-US: City-level historical road network expansion dataset for the conterminous United States</b> |
| title_full | <b>CHRONEX-US: City-level historical road network expansion dataset for the conterminous United States</b> |
| title_fullStr | <b>CHRONEX-US: City-level historical road network expansion dataset for the conterminous United States</b> |
| title_full_unstemmed | <b>CHRONEX-US: City-level historical road network expansion dataset for the conterminous United States</b> |
| title_short | <b>CHRONEX-US: City-level historical road network expansion dataset for the conterminous United States</b> |
| title_sort | <b>CHRONEX-US: City-level historical road network expansion dataset for the conterminous United States</b> |
| topic | History and theory of the built environment (excl. architecture) Land use and environmental planning Regional analysis and development Transport planning Urban analysis and development Computational modelling and simulation in earth sciences Geoinformatics not elsewhere classified Digital history Transport geography Urban geography Road network patterns street networks and other built environments built environment urbanization urban sprawl suburbanization road network evolution National Transportation Dataset NTD US Metropolitan statistical areas |