The process of IPGA.

<div><p>Pickup and delivery problem (PDP) and dynamic vehicle routing problem (DVRP) are two key components of crowdsourced freight delivery services. Although previous research has focused predominantly on static vehicle routing problems, this study formally defines the dynamic problem...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Jingxian Zhang (83932) (author)
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Medicine Science Policy Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified two key components study formally defines simulated annealing algorithm numerical experiments demonstrate although previous research dynamic problem specific combinatorial optimization problem total service costs crowdsourced freight delivery xlink "> pickup delivery problem transportation costs penalty costs delivery planning solid foundation practical applicability planning routes horizon framework focused predominantly
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The process of IPGA.

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