Experiment 2. (a) Participants listened to complex noise stimuli and were tasked with identifying silent gaps within them.
<p>Concurrently, tACS was applied at one of four frequencies within the delta range. <b>(b)</b> Hit rates and mean reaction times as functions of tACS condition. <b>(c)</b> For each tACS frequency, gaps were grouped based on tACS phase. Cosine functions were fitted to t...
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| مؤلفون آخرون: | |
| منشور في: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1852019620348690432 |
|---|---|
| author | Yuranny Cabral-Calderin (21492072) |
| author2 | Molly J. Henry (8039789) |
| author2_role | author |
| author_facet | Yuranny Cabral-Calderin (21492072) Molly J. Henry (8039789) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Yuranny Cabral-Calderin (21492072) Molly J. Henry (8039789) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-06-05T17:22:56Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003180.g003 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Experiment_2_a_Participants_listened_to_complex_noise_stimuli_and_were_tasked_with_identifying_silent_gaps_within_them_/29247693 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Neuroscience Science Policy Mental Health Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified unmodulated noise stimuli targeting individual frequencies tacs effects would tacs effects depend auditory stimuli predominated div >< p sensory stimuli prevail sensory stimuli dominate auditory stimulus frequency although tacs effects rhythmic auditory stimuli rhythmic electrical stimulation auditory stimulus sensory stimuli electrical stimuli sensory stimulation preferred frequency individual ’ auditory signals auditory rhythms auditory rhythm tacs experiments rhythmic sounds rhythmic information primarily modulatory previously demonstrated presented together oscillator model observed behaviorally n </ modulation depth free parameter findings suggest experiment 3 experiment 2 experiment 1 entraining behavior electrical rhythm 12 ). |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Experiment 2. (a) Participants listened to complex noise stimuli and were tasked with identifying silent gaps within them. |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Image Figure info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion image |
| description | <p>Concurrently, tACS was applied at one of four frequencies within the delta range. <b>(b)</b> Hit rates and mean reaction times as functions of tACS condition. <b>(c)</b> For each tACS frequency, gaps were grouped based on tACS phase. Cosine functions were fitted to the data to estimate the amplitude of behavioral entrainment to tACS. Gap detection performance at sham was used to establish a baseline level of rhythmic fluctuations. We assumed an oscillator that resets at each stimulus onset during sham. Gaps were grouped according to these hypothetical oscillators, and cosine functions were fitted to the resulting data. This was done for the four frequencies used for tACS stimulation. The amplitude parameter from these fits served as the baseline for analyzing tACS effects. In the figure, this is illustrated for the 2 Hz tACS condition. <b>(d)</b> Individual data showing hit rates as a function of tACS phase. The dashed lines indicate best-fit cosine functions. Each plot had a different participant. <b>(e)</b> Effect of tACS phase on gap detection performance. The plot shows the normalized values computed as (<i>entAmp-tACS</i> − baseline)/baseline, for each frequency. <b>(f)</b> Optimal tACS phase for gap detection (<i>prefPhase-tACS</i>) obtained from cosine fit. <b>(b, d, e, f)</b> Each dot represents a single participant. Box plots show median (horizontal black lines), mean (black cross), 25th and 75th percentiles (box edges) and extreme datapoints not considered outliers (±2.7<i>σ</i> and 99.3 percentiles, whiskers). Numerical data for panels <b>b</b>, <b>d</b>, and <b>e</b> can be found in [<a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003180#pbio.3003180.ref032" target="_blank">32</a>].</p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara_85503fbfd39edc241bfb520e198daeea |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003180.g003 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara |
| network_name_str | ManaraRepo |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/29247693 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | Experiment 2. (a) Participants listened to complex noise stimuli and were tasked with identifying silent gaps within them.Yuranny Cabral-Calderin (21492072)Molly J. Henry (8039789)NeuroscienceScience PolicyMental HealthBiological Sciences not elsewhere classifiedunmodulated noise stimulitargeting individual frequenciestacs effects wouldtacs effects dependauditory stimuli predominateddiv >< psensory stimuli prevailsensory stimuli dominateauditory stimulus frequencyalthough tacs effectsrhythmic auditory stimulirhythmic electrical stimulationauditory stimulussensory stimulielectrical stimulisensory stimulationpreferred frequencyindividual ’auditory signalsauditory rhythmsauditory rhythmtacs experimentsrhythmic soundsrhythmic informationprimarily modulatorypreviously demonstratedpresented togetheroscillator modelobserved behaviorallyn </modulation depthfree parameterfindings suggestexperiment 3experiment 2experiment 1entraining behaviorelectrical rhythm12 ).<p>Concurrently, tACS was applied at one of four frequencies within the delta range. <b>(b)</b> Hit rates and mean reaction times as functions of tACS condition. <b>(c)</b> For each tACS frequency, gaps were grouped based on tACS phase. Cosine functions were fitted to the data to estimate the amplitude of behavioral entrainment to tACS. Gap detection performance at sham was used to establish a baseline level of rhythmic fluctuations. We assumed an oscillator that resets at each stimulus onset during sham. Gaps were grouped according to these hypothetical oscillators, and cosine functions were fitted to the resulting data. This was done for the four frequencies used for tACS stimulation. The amplitude parameter from these fits served as the baseline for analyzing tACS effects. In the figure, this is illustrated for the 2 Hz tACS condition. <b>(d)</b> Individual data showing hit rates as a function of tACS phase. The dashed lines indicate best-fit cosine functions. Each plot had a different participant. <b>(e)</b> Effect of tACS phase on gap detection performance. The plot shows the normalized values computed as (<i>entAmp-tACS</i> − baseline)/baseline, for each frequency. <b>(f)</b> Optimal tACS phase for gap detection (<i>prefPhase-tACS</i>) obtained from cosine fit. <b>(b, d, e, f)</b> Each dot represents a single participant. Box plots show median (horizontal black lines), mean (black cross), 25th and 75th percentiles (box edges) and extreme datapoints not considered outliers (±2.7<i>σ</i> and 99.3 percentiles, whiskers). Numerical data for panels <b>b</b>, <b>d</b>, and <b>e</b> can be found in [<a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003180#pbio.3003180.ref032" target="_blank">32</a>].</p>2025-06-05T17:22:56ZImageFigureinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionimage10.1371/journal.pbio.3003180.g003https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Experiment_2_a_Participants_listened_to_complex_noise_stimuli_and_were_tasked_with_identifying_silent_gaps_within_them_/29247693CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/292476932025-06-05T17:22:56Z |
| spellingShingle | Experiment 2. (a) Participants listened to complex noise stimuli and were tasked with identifying silent gaps within them. Yuranny Cabral-Calderin (21492072) Neuroscience Science Policy Mental Health Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified unmodulated noise stimuli targeting individual frequencies tacs effects would tacs effects depend auditory stimuli predominated div >< p sensory stimuli prevail sensory stimuli dominate auditory stimulus frequency although tacs effects rhythmic auditory stimuli rhythmic electrical stimulation auditory stimulus sensory stimuli electrical stimuli sensory stimulation preferred frequency individual ’ auditory signals auditory rhythms auditory rhythm tacs experiments rhythmic sounds rhythmic information primarily modulatory previously demonstrated presented together oscillator model observed behaviorally n </ modulation depth free parameter findings suggest experiment 3 experiment 2 experiment 1 entraining behavior electrical rhythm 12 ). |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Experiment 2. (a) Participants listened to complex noise stimuli and were tasked with identifying silent gaps within them. |
| title_full | Experiment 2. (a) Participants listened to complex noise stimuli and were tasked with identifying silent gaps within them. |
| title_fullStr | Experiment 2. (a) Participants listened to complex noise stimuli and were tasked with identifying silent gaps within them. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experiment 2. (a) Participants listened to complex noise stimuli and were tasked with identifying silent gaps within them. |
| title_short | Experiment 2. (a) Participants listened to complex noise stimuli and were tasked with identifying silent gaps within them. |
| title_sort | Experiment 2. (a) Participants listened to complex noise stimuli and were tasked with identifying silent gaps within them. |
| topic | Neuroscience Science Policy Mental Health Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified unmodulated noise stimuli targeting individual frequencies tacs effects would tacs effects depend auditory stimuli predominated div >< p sensory stimuli prevail sensory stimuli dominate auditory stimulus frequency although tacs effects rhythmic auditory stimuli rhythmic electrical stimulation auditory stimulus sensory stimuli electrical stimuli sensory stimulation preferred frequency individual ’ auditory signals auditory rhythms auditory rhythm tacs experiments rhythmic sounds rhythmic information primarily modulatory previously demonstrated presented together oscillator model observed behaviorally n </ modulation depth free parameter findings suggest experiment 3 experiment 2 experiment 1 entraining behavior electrical rhythm 12 ). |