Microbiome Mediated Immune Crosstalk on the Gut-Thyroid Axis in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
<p>The gut microbiota plays an important role in systemic immune homeostasis and is increasingly implicated in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis, impaired intestinal barrier function, and altered microbial metabolites particularly short-chain fatty acids c...
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2025
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| _version_ | 1849927621226266624 |
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| author | Mubeen Hussein Arawker (12965954) |
| author2 | Fitrat Habibullah (22688382) Shantanu Baral (12965951) Lijun Fu (120480) Ning Sun (162468) Hongting Li (9275336) Feihong Ji (9598514) Xinguang Qiu (6059762) |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Mubeen Hussein Arawker (12965954) Fitrat Habibullah (22688382) Shantanu Baral (12965951) Lijun Fu (120480) Ning Sun (162468) Hongting Li (9275336) Feihong Ji (9598514) Xinguang Qiu (6059762) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Mubeen Hussein Arawker (12965954) Fitrat Habibullah (22688382) Shantanu Baral (12965951) Lijun Fu (120480) Ning Sun (162468) Hongting Li (9275336) Feihong Ji (9598514) Xinguang Qiu (6059762) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-11-26T10:00:03Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.6084/m9.figshare.30719787.v1 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Microbiome_Mediated_Immune_Crosstalk_on_the_Gut-Thyroid_Axis_in_Autoimmune_Thyroid_Disease/30719787 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Biochemistry Medicine Microbiology Ecology Immunology Cancer Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Gastrointestinal microbiome Hashimoto disease graves Disease short-chain fatty acids intestinal permeability regulatory T-Lymphocytes Th17 cells molecular mimicry |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Microbiome Mediated Immune Crosstalk on the Gut-Thyroid Axis in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Image Figure info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion image |
| description | <p>The gut microbiota plays an important role in systemic immune homeostasis and is increasingly implicated in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis, impaired intestinal barrier function, and altered microbial metabolites particularly short-chain fatty acids contribute to immune imbalance along the gut-thyroid axis. Although molecular mimicry between microbial and thyroid antigens has been proposed, current human evidence remains associative rather than causal.</p> <p>This review synthesized current observational, translational, and preclinical studies evaluating microbial composition, barrier integrity, microbial metabolites, and immune pathways relevant to AITD. Mechanistic insights into T-lymphocyte regulation and microbial-host interactions were integrated with emerging interventional data.</p> <p>Gut dysbiosis in AITD is linked to reduced regulatory T-lymphocytes, expansion of Th17 cells, increased intestinal permeability, and the loss of short-chain-fatty-acid-producing taxa. Observational studies consistently report disease-associated taxonomic alterations, while preclinical models support causal pathways through barrier disruption and microbiota-driven immune activation. Early interventional approaches such as high-fiber dietary patterns, probiotics, prebiotics, and experimental fecal microbiota transplantation show modest reductions in thyroid autoantibodies in small trials, though effects are strain-specific, short-term, and not disease-modifying.</p> <p>Despite largely associative human evidence, converging mechanistic findings highlight the gut microbiota as a modifiable contributor to thyroid autoimmunity. Future priorities include clarifying causality, identifying keystone microbial taxa and metabolites, and establishing standardized interventional frameworks to facilitate translation into endocrine practice.</p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara_8e00ae85d697e6d99438c9a18eebbee2 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.6084/m9.figshare.30719787.v1 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara |
| network_name_str | ManaraRepo |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/30719787 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | Microbiome Mediated Immune Crosstalk on the Gut-Thyroid Axis in Autoimmune Thyroid DiseaseMubeen Hussein Arawker (12965954)Fitrat Habibullah (22688382)Shantanu Baral (12965951)Lijun Fu (120480)Ning Sun (162468)Hongting Li (9275336)Feihong Ji (9598514)Xinguang Qiu (6059762)BiochemistryMedicineMicrobiologyEcologyImmunologyCancerChemical Sciences not elsewhere classifiedGastrointestinal microbiomeHashimoto diseasegraves Diseaseshort-chain fatty acidsintestinal permeabilityregulatory T-LymphocytesTh17 cellsmolecular mimicry<p>The gut microbiota plays an important role in systemic immune homeostasis and is increasingly implicated in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis, impaired intestinal barrier function, and altered microbial metabolites particularly short-chain fatty acids contribute to immune imbalance along the gut-thyroid axis. Although molecular mimicry between microbial and thyroid antigens has been proposed, current human evidence remains associative rather than causal.</p> <p>This review synthesized current observational, translational, and preclinical studies evaluating microbial composition, barrier integrity, microbial metabolites, and immune pathways relevant to AITD. Mechanistic insights into T-lymphocyte regulation and microbial-host interactions were integrated with emerging interventional data.</p> <p>Gut dysbiosis in AITD is linked to reduced regulatory T-lymphocytes, expansion of Th17 cells, increased intestinal permeability, and the loss of short-chain-fatty-acid-producing taxa. Observational studies consistently report disease-associated taxonomic alterations, while preclinical models support causal pathways through barrier disruption and microbiota-driven immune activation. Early interventional approaches such as high-fiber dietary patterns, probiotics, prebiotics, and experimental fecal microbiota transplantation show modest reductions in thyroid autoantibodies in small trials, though effects are strain-specific, short-term, and not disease-modifying.</p> <p>Despite largely associative human evidence, converging mechanistic findings highlight the gut microbiota as a modifiable contributor to thyroid autoimmunity. Future priorities include clarifying causality, identifying keystone microbial taxa and metabolites, and establishing standardized interventional frameworks to facilitate translation into endocrine practice.</p>2025-11-26T10:00:03ZImageFigureinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionimage10.6084/m9.figshare.30719787.v1https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Microbiome_Mediated_Immune_Crosstalk_on_the_Gut-Thyroid_Axis_in_Autoimmune_Thyroid_Disease/30719787CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/307197872025-11-26T10:00:03Z |
| spellingShingle | Microbiome Mediated Immune Crosstalk on the Gut-Thyroid Axis in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Mubeen Hussein Arawker (12965954) Biochemistry Medicine Microbiology Ecology Immunology Cancer Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Gastrointestinal microbiome Hashimoto disease graves Disease short-chain fatty acids intestinal permeability regulatory T-Lymphocytes Th17 cells molecular mimicry |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Microbiome Mediated Immune Crosstalk on the Gut-Thyroid Axis in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease |
| title_full | Microbiome Mediated Immune Crosstalk on the Gut-Thyroid Axis in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease |
| title_fullStr | Microbiome Mediated Immune Crosstalk on the Gut-Thyroid Axis in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbiome Mediated Immune Crosstalk on the Gut-Thyroid Axis in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease |
| title_short | Microbiome Mediated Immune Crosstalk on the Gut-Thyroid Axis in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease |
| title_sort | Microbiome Mediated Immune Crosstalk on the Gut-Thyroid Axis in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease |
| topic | Biochemistry Medicine Microbiology Ecology Immunology Cancer Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Gastrointestinal microbiome Hashimoto disease graves Disease short-chain fatty acids intestinal permeability regulatory T-Lymphocytes Th17 cells molecular mimicry |