Pain Interference Questionnaire for Cerebral Palsy (PIQ-CP)
<p dir="ltr"><b>What is the PIQ-CP?</b></p><p dir="ltr">The Pain Interference Questionnaire for Cerebral Palsy (PIQ-CP) is a tool designed to measure how pain interferes with daily activities and function for children and young people with cerebral p...
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2025
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| Summary: | <p dir="ltr"><b>What is the PIQ-CP?</b></p><p dir="ltr">The Pain Interference Questionnaire for Cerebral Palsy (PIQ-CP) is a tool designed to measure how pain interferes with daily activities and function for children and young people with cerebral palsy, aged 5 to 30 years.</p><p dir="ltr">The PIQ-CP was adapted from a <a href="https://journals.lww.com/painrpts/fulltext/2018/08000/psychometric_properties_of_the_brief_pain.5.aspx" target="_blank">version of the Brief Pain Inventory</a><sup> </sup>initially modified for children with neuromuscular disorders by Dr Joyce Engel<sup>1</sup>, and subsequently for parents of children with cerebral palsy by Dr. Chantel Barney<sup>2</sup>.</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr"><b>How was the PIQ-CP developed?</b></p><p dir="ltr">The PIQ-CP was adapted by a team of clinicians and researchers in Australia, with help from children and young people with cerebral palsy, as well as their parents and carers. The development process included focus groups and interviews<sup>3</sup>, a consensus survey<sup>4</sup>, pilot testing<sup>5</sup> and structural validation<sup>6</sup>. The PIQ-CP was designed to be inclusive of people with different cognitive and communication abilities.</p><p dir="ltr">The PIQ-CP (Pain Interference Questionnaire for Cerebral Palsy) was previously referred to as the <i>modified Brief Pain Inventory adapted for Cerebral Palsy</i> in earlier work<sup>5</sup>; however, PIQ-CP is now the official name of the tool.</p><p dir="ltr">In partnership with <i>TalkingMats</i> Ltd, the PIQ-CP has also been made available in <i>TalkingMats</i>® versions, which are especially useful for those who need extra support in communication.</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr"><b>Using the PIQ-CP</b></p><p dir="ltr">To learn how to use the PIQ-CP, refer to the administration guide (see attached files). You can download the standard questionnaire versions for free and use them in both research and clinical settings. The PIQ-CP is available as a self-report or parent-report tool.</p><p dir="ltr">If you would like to use the <i>TalkingMats</i>® version, it is strongly recommended to complete the <a href="https://www.talkingmats.com/training/foundation/" target="_blank"><i>TalkingMats</i> Foundation training</a>. You can then access the <i>TalkingMats </i>version <a href="https://adelaideuniwide.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_0wS922RmZINPPam" target="_blank">here</a>.</p><p dir="ltr">When citing the PIQ-CP, please refer to the validation study references linked on this page—in the column on the right and in the related materials section at the bottom.</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr"><b>References:</b></p><ol><li>Engel JM, Kartin D, Carter GT, Jensen MP, Jaffe KM. Pain in Youths With Neuromuscular Disease. <i>American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®</i>. 2009;26(5):405-412. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/1049909109346165" target="_blank">10.1177/1049909109346165</a></li><li>Barney CC, Stibb SM, Merbler AM, Summers RLS, Deshpande S, Krach LE, et al. Psychometric properties of the brief pain inventory modified for proxy report of pain interference in children with cerebral palsy with and without cognitive impairment. Pain Reports. 2018;3(4):e666. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/pr9.0000000000000666" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1097/pr9.0000000000000666</a></li><li>Smith MG, Gibson RJ, Russo RN, Karanicolas S, Harvey AR. Examining tools for assessing the impact of chronic pain on emotional functioning in children and young people with cerebral palsy: stakeholder preference and recommendations for modification. Qual Life Res. 2024;33(8):2247-59. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-024-03693-1" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-024-03693-1</a></li><li>Smith MG, Gibson RJ, Russo RN, Harvey AR. Adapting two pain assessment tools for young people with cerebral palsy: a multi-stakeholder consensus study. Pain Reports. 2025;10(4):e1304. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001304" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001304</a></li><li>Smith MG, Gibson RJ, Schibani M, Russo RN, Thirumanickam A, Harvey AR. The comprehensibility and feasibility of the modified brief pain inventory and fear of pain questionnaire adapted for children and young people with cerebral palsy. Quality of Life Research. 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-025-03981-4" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-025-03981-4</a></li><li>Smith MG, Gibson RJ, Russo RN, Smith N, Harvey AR. Structural validity of the Pain Interference Questionnaire and Fear of Pain Questionnaire for children and young people with cerebral palsy. <i>Dev Med Child Neurol</i>. 2025; 00: 1–12. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.70033" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.70033</a></li></ol><p><br></p><p dir="ltr"><b>Acknowledgements:</b></p><p dir="ltr">The symbols used in the questionnaires are designed and © to Adam Murphy 2015 and assigned to Talking Mats Ltd. In perpetuity. They have been used with permission. <i>TalkingMats</i>® was developed at the University of Stirling and the intellectual property rights in <i>TalkingMats</i> are owned by the University of Stirling and utilised by <i>Talking Mats Limited</i> under exclusive licence. Training in <i>TalkingMats</i> must be delivered by an accredited trainer who holds a current licence with <i>TalkingMats Ltd</i>.</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr">For any further information or questions, please email <a href="mailto:Meredith.smith@adelaide.edu.au" target="_blank">Meredith.smith@adelaide.edu.au</a>.</p> |
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