Development of High-Flexural-Strength Titanium/Hydroxyapatite Biocomposites via Cold Spray Deposition with Titanium and Niobium Bond Coats
Achieving rapid, scalable fabrication of bone implants with a high flexural strength remains a major challenge. The persistent issues are mainly attributed to the incompatibility of the biomaterials (e.g., titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb)) with the processing methods. The implants fabricated from solu...
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2025
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| _version_ | 1849927640261066752 |
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| author | Fatemeh Andami (22677082) |
| author2 | Prateek (7301339) Eric Chia (22677085) Stephen S. Nonnenmann (1701136) Davoud M. Jafarlou (22677088) James J. Watkins (1424419) |
| author2_role | author author author author author |
| author_facet | Fatemeh Andami (22677082) Prateek (7301339) Eric Chia (22677085) Stephen S. Nonnenmann (1701136) Davoud M. Jafarlou (22677088) James J. Watkins (1424419) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Fatemeh Andami (22677082) Prateek (7301339) Eric Chia (22677085) Stephen S. Nonnenmann (1701136) Davoud M. Jafarlou (22677088) James J. Watkins (1424419) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-11-24T22:03:43Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c01182.s004 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/media/Development_of_High-Flexural-Strength_Titanium_Hydroxyapatite_Biocomposites_via_Cold_Spray_Deposition_with_Titanium_and_Niobium_Bond_Coats/30698734 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY-NC 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Biophysics Medicine Genetics Biotechnology Ecology Developmental Biology Hematology Computational Biology Space Science Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified directly forms coatings approximately 310 mpa 9 ± 51 219 ± 25 0 ± 50 mechanical features similar primary ceramic particles including inferior adhesion higher young ’ 2 gpa ), utilizing intermediate ti ti substrate exhibits tunable mechanical properties promising fabrication method hap directly deposited g ., titanium pure ti coating surrounding bone damage lower flexural strength cold spray deposition mechanical properties ti coating cold spray scalable fabrication promising technique excellent adhesion biomaterial ’ 6 gpa thermal spray strength titanium natural bone flexural strength bone implants voids lead typically degrade significantly exceeds room temperature processing methods powder feedstocks persistent issues nb )) natural bones matrix composites major challenge mainly attributed induced defects implants fabricated implant loosening hap layer ceramic metal |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Development of High-Flexural-Strength Titanium/Hydroxyapatite Biocomposites via Cold Spray Deposition with Titanium and Niobium Bond Coats |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Dataset Media info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion dataset |
| description | Achieving rapid, scalable fabrication of bone implants with a high flexural strength remains a major challenge. The persistent issues are mainly attributed to the incompatibility of the biomaterials (e.g., titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb)) with the processing methods. The implants fabricated from solution-based or extrusion-based additive manufacturing often require the use of linkers and have disadvantages, including inferior adhesion, susceptibility to damage, implant loosening and leaching, and surrounding bone damage during their long-term use in biological environments. Furthermore, thermal spray-based methods involve melting the powders, which typically degrade the biomaterial’s characteristics. Among several additive manufacturing methods, cold spray deposition is a promising fabrication method that directly forms coatings from powder feedstocks at room temperature. However, cold spray deposition of metal-matrix composites comprising ceramics remains challenging due to the inability of the primary ceramic particles to deform. Here, we report the deposition of Ti-hydroxyapatite (HAP) biocomposites with excellent adhesion and mechanical properties, utilizing intermediate Ti and Nb bond coat layers. While the Ti-HAP directly deposited on a Ti substrate exhibits a higher Young’s modulus (135.9 ± 51.6 GPa) than pure Ti coating (98.0 ± 50.2 GPa), the cold spray-induced defects such as pores and voids lead to a lower flexural strength (219 ± 25 MPa) than that of a Ti coating (318 ± 32 MPa). Interestingly, the interfacial bond coat layers increase the flexural strength of the Ti-HAP layer from 219 ± 25 to approximately 310 MPa, which significantly exceeds those of natural bone and commercial dental restorative biocomposites. Thus, cold spray deposition enables the rapid and scalable fabrication of biocomposites with tunable mechanical properties, making it a promising technique for biomedical applications. Moreover, the strategy can be applied more generally to ceramic metal-matrix composites with structural and mechanical features similar to those of natural bones. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara_9c7e8354d7eaf919f8f1a481cbc79572 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c01182.s004 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara |
| network_name_str | ManaraRepo |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/30698734 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY-NC 4.0 |
| spelling | Development of High-Flexural-Strength Titanium/Hydroxyapatite Biocomposites via Cold Spray Deposition with Titanium and Niobium Bond CoatsFatemeh Andami (22677082)Prateek (7301339)Eric Chia (22677085)Stephen S. Nonnenmann (1701136)Davoud M. Jafarlou (22677088)James J. Watkins (1424419)BiophysicsMedicineGeneticsBiotechnologyEcologyDevelopmental BiologyHematologyComputational BiologySpace ScienceBiological Sciences not elsewhere classifiedPhysical Sciences not elsewhere classifieddirectly forms coatingsapproximately 310 mpa9 ± 51219 ± 250 ± 50mechanical features similarprimary ceramic particlesincluding inferior adhesionhigher young ’2 gpa ),utilizing intermediate titi substrate exhibitstunable mechanical propertiespromising fabrication methodhap directly depositedg ., titaniumpure ti coatingsurrounding bone damagelower flexural strengthcold spray depositionmechanical propertiesti coatingcold sprayscalable fabricationpromising techniqueexcellent adhesionbiomaterial ’6 gpathermal spraystrength titaniumnatural boneflexural strengthbone implantsvoids leadtypically degradesignificantly exceedsroom temperatureprocessing methodspowder feedstockspersistent issuesnb ))natural bonesmatrix compositesmajor challengemainly attributedinduced defectsimplants fabricatedimplant looseninghap layerceramic metalAchieving rapid, scalable fabrication of bone implants with a high flexural strength remains a major challenge. The persistent issues are mainly attributed to the incompatibility of the biomaterials (e.g., titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb)) with the processing methods. The implants fabricated from solution-based or extrusion-based additive manufacturing often require the use of linkers and have disadvantages, including inferior adhesion, susceptibility to damage, implant loosening and leaching, and surrounding bone damage during their long-term use in biological environments. Furthermore, thermal spray-based methods involve melting the powders, which typically degrade the biomaterial’s characteristics. Among several additive manufacturing methods, cold spray deposition is a promising fabrication method that directly forms coatings from powder feedstocks at room temperature. However, cold spray deposition of metal-matrix composites comprising ceramics remains challenging due to the inability of the primary ceramic particles to deform. Here, we report the deposition of Ti-hydroxyapatite (HAP) biocomposites with excellent adhesion and mechanical properties, utilizing intermediate Ti and Nb bond coat layers. While the Ti-HAP directly deposited on a Ti substrate exhibits a higher Young’s modulus (135.9 ± 51.6 GPa) than pure Ti coating (98.0 ± 50.2 GPa), the cold spray-induced defects such as pores and voids lead to a lower flexural strength (219 ± 25 MPa) than that of a Ti coating (318 ± 32 MPa). Interestingly, the interfacial bond coat layers increase the flexural strength of the Ti-HAP layer from 219 ± 25 to approximately 310 MPa, which significantly exceeds those of natural bone and commercial dental restorative biocomposites. Thus, cold spray deposition enables the rapid and scalable fabrication of biocomposites with tunable mechanical properties, making it a promising technique for biomedical applications. Moreover, the strategy can be applied more generally to ceramic metal-matrix composites with structural and mechanical features similar to those of natural bones.2025-11-24T22:03:43ZDatasetMediainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiondataset10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c01182.s004https://figshare.com/articles/media/Development_of_High-Flexural-Strength_Titanium_Hydroxyapatite_Biocomposites_via_Cold_Spray_Deposition_with_Titanium_and_Niobium_Bond_Coats/30698734CC BY-NC 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/306987342025-11-24T22:03:43Z |
| spellingShingle | Development of High-Flexural-Strength Titanium/Hydroxyapatite Biocomposites via Cold Spray Deposition with Titanium and Niobium Bond Coats Fatemeh Andami (22677082) Biophysics Medicine Genetics Biotechnology Ecology Developmental Biology Hematology Computational Biology Space Science Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified directly forms coatings approximately 310 mpa 9 ± 51 219 ± 25 0 ± 50 mechanical features similar primary ceramic particles including inferior adhesion higher young ’ 2 gpa ), utilizing intermediate ti ti substrate exhibits tunable mechanical properties promising fabrication method hap directly deposited g ., titanium pure ti coating surrounding bone damage lower flexural strength cold spray deposition mechanical properties ti coating cold spray scalable fabrication promising technique excellent adhesion biomaterial ’ 6 gpa thermal spray strength titanium natural bone flexural strength bone implants voids lead typically degrade significantly exceeds room temperature processing methods powder feedstocks persistent issues nb )) natural bones matrix composites major challenge mainly attributed induced defects implants fabricated implant loosening hap layer ceramic metal |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Development of High-Flexural-Strength Titanium/Hydroxyapatite Biocomposites via Cold Spray Deposition with Titanium and Niobium Bond Coats |
| title_full | Development of High-Flexural-Strength Titanium/Hydroxyapatite Biocomposites via Cold Spray Deposition with Titanium and Niobium Bond Coats |
| title_fullStr | Development of High-Flexural-Strength Titanium/Hydroxyapatite Biocomposites via Cold Spray Deposition with Titanium and Niobium Bond Coats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of High-Flexural-Strength Titanium/Hydroxyapatite Biocomposites via Cold Spray Deposition with Titanium and Niobium Bond Coats |
| title_short | Development of High-Flexural-Strength Titanium/Hydroxyapatite Biocomposites via Cold Spray Deposition with Titanium and Niobium Bond Coats |
| title_sort | Development of High-Flexural-Strength Titanium/Hydroxyapatite Biocomposites via Cold Spray Deposition with Titanium and Niobium Bond Coats |
| topic | Biophysics Medicine Genetics Biotechnology Ecology Developmental Biology Hematology Computational Biology Space Science Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified directly forms coatings approximately 310 mpa 9 ± 51 219 ± 25 0 ± 50 mechanical features similar primary ceramic particles including inferior adhesion higher young ’ 2 gpa ), utilizing intermediate ti ti substrate exhibits tunable mechanical properties promising fabrication method hap directly deposited g ., titanium pure ti coating surrounding bone damage lower flexural strength cold spray deposition mechanical properties ti coating cold spray scalable fabrication promising technique excellent adhesion biomaterial ’ 6 gpa thermal spray strength titanium natural bone flexural strength bone implants voids lead typically degrade significantly exceeds room temperature processing methods powder feedstocks persistent issues nb )) natural bones matrix composites major challenge mainly attributed induced defects implants fabricated implant loosening hap layer ceramic metal |