The plasticity direction differs between Up/Downbound micromodules.
<p><b>(A)</b> BCM mechanism: the x-axis represents the activity of the PC, and the y-axis represents the predicted plasticity change at a PF-PC synapse before scaling by PF activity. Positive values indicate potentiation; negative values indicate depression. Each gray curve shows t...
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| author | Elías M. Fernández Santoro (22470299) |
| author2 | Lennart P.L. Landsmeer (22470302) Said Hamdioui (21739013) Christos Strydis (8270760) Chris I. De Zeeuw (7304621) Aleksandra Badura (252212) Mario Negrello (4451539) |
| author2_role | author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Elías M. Fernández Santoro (22470299) Lennart P.L. Landsmeer (22470302) Said Hamdioui (21739013) Christos Strydis (8270760) Chris I. De Zeeuw (7304621) Aleksandra Badura (252212) Mario Negrello (4451539) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Elías M. Fernández Santoro (22470299) Lennart P.L. Landsmeer (22470302) Said Hamdioui (21739013) Christos Strydis (8270760) Chris I. De Zeeuw (7304621) Aleksandra Badura (252212) Mario Negrello (4451539) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-10-21T17:41:51Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013609.g002 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/figure/The_plasticity_direction_differs_between_Up_Downbound_micromodules_/30410210 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Cell Biology Neuroscience Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Information Systems not elsewhere classified unique molecular profiles frequency band pfs homeostatic bidirectional plasticity examine plasticity dynamics cerebellar nuclei neurons high intrinsic firing downbound modules determine synaptic dynamics necessary downbound cerebellar micromodules io neurons participating synaptic plasticity downbound micromodules io neurons baseline firing downbound zones synaptic weights downbound pcs weeks depending stochastic input stabilizing mechanisms stabilized optimally results indicate relatively low purkinje cell overall strength organized loops inferior olive highly adaptable differential levels different levels |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | The plasticity direction differs between Up/Downbound micromodules. |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Image Figure info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion image |
| description | <p><b>(A)</b> BCM mechanism: the x-axis represents the activity of the PC, and the y-axis represents the predicted plasticity change at a PF-PC synapse before scaling by PF activity. Positive values indicate potentiation; negative values indicate depression. Each gray curve shows the BCM function for a different value of the plasticity threshold <i>. The colormap encodes the corresponding</i> <i>values (in Hz), with lighter gray indicating lower thresholds. As PC activity increases, the sliding threshold</i> <i>shifts rightward, reducing the potentiation range and increasing the chances of depression (a larger part of the curve is negative). The same applies for a lower activity in PC, leading to higher chance of potentiation.</i> <b>(B)</b> CSpk-triggered change in BCM. When there is a CSpk, the activity of the PC (blue) decreases. The sliding threshold <i>(black) follows and goes lower than the PC activity, leading to potentiation (green). When</i> <i>is higher than the activity there is depression (red). This is shown for both Up/Downbound zones.</i> <b>(C)</b> <i>Trace of the IO membrane potential for Downbound coupled scenario. This trace was selected to illustrate the short-timescale effects of different IO spike intervals on plasticity mechanisms (BCM and CSpk-triggered LTD). While this particular trace appears bursty, it is not representative of the full IO population. IO neurons in the model exhibit a range of firing modes including tonic firing and quiescence. The mean response profile shows a ~ 1 Hz firing rate (</i><b><a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013609#pcbi.1013609.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1B</a></b><i>) and the IO has a large distribution of firing rates across the population (</i><b><a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013609#pcbi.1013609.g003" target="_blank">Fig 3B</a></b><i>). IO burstiness was not explicitly tuned and remained within biologically observed ranges (<6Hz), consistent with experimental findings [</i><a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013609#pcbi.1013609.ref052" target="_blank">52</a>,<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013609#pcbi.1013609.ref077" target="_blank">77</a>–<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013609#pcbi.1013609.ref080" target="_blank">80</a><i>].</i> <b>(D)</b> CSpk-triggered LTD component of synaptic plasticity. This shows the change in synaptic weight due to a IO spike (CSpk) event, proportional to the instantaneous activity of the PF. In the absence of a CSpk, this component is zero; following a CSpk, it produces a transient depression that decays back to zero. <b>(E)</b> BCM component of synaptic plasticity. This reflects the change in synaptic weight based on the recent activity of the PC and the BCM threshold <i>. It evolves continuously, independently of CF input.</i> <b>(F)</b> <i>Total synaptic weight update, computed as the sum of the BCM component and the CSpk-triggered LTD component. All values are unitless and represent normalized synaptic efficacy changes per time step in the model.</i> <b>(G)</b> <i>Relative difference of synaptic weights of all PCs connecting to PF 1 before and after each plasticity (AP 1, 2, 3 and 4) between the epochs (current weight divided by the one of the previous event) for Upbound zones.</i> <b>(H)</b> <i>Same as I but for the Downbound zones.</i> <b>(I)</b> <i>Boxplots depict absolute differences between the epochs for the whole population of weights (current weight minus previous weight) for Upbound zones.</i> <b>(J)</b> <i>Same as K but for the Downbound zones.</i> <b>(K)</b> <i>Median synaptic weight changes across four plasticity epochs for 10 independent Upbound simulations with randomized network and OU input per run.</i> <b>(L)</b> <i>Same as M, but for Downbound simulations. Synaptic weights are unitless and represent normalized efficacy values in the model.</i></p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara_add2a8dffbd18d10c945b0ecad57d829 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013609.g002 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara |
| network_name_str | ManaraRepo |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/30410210 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | The plasticity direction differs between Up/Downbound micromodules.Elías M. Fernández Santoro (22470299)Lennart P.L. Landsmeer (22470302)Said Hamdioui (21739013)Christos Strydis (8270760)Chris I. De Zeeuw (7304621)Aleksandra Badura (252212)Mario Negrello (4451539)Cell BiologyNeuroscienceBiological Sciences not elsewhere classifiedInformation Systems not elsewhere classifiedunique molecular profilesfrequency band pfshomeostatic bidirectional plasticityexamine plasticity dynamicscerebellar nuclei neuronshigh intrinsic firingdownbound modules determinesynaptic dynamics necessarydownbound cerebellar micromodulesio neurons participatingsynaptic plasticitydownbound micromodulesio neuronsbaseline firingdownbound zonessynaptic weightsdownbound pcsweeks dependingstochastic inputstabilizing mechanismsstabilized optimallyresults indicaterelatively lowpurkinje celloverall strengthorganized loopsinferior olivehighly adaptabledifferential levelsdifferent levels<p><b>(A)</b> BCM mechanism: the x-axis represents the activity of the PC, and the y-axis represents the predicted plasticity change at a PF-PC synapse before scaling by PF activity. Positive values indicate potentiation; negative values indicate depression. Each gray curve shows the BCM function for a different value of the plasticity threshold <i>. The colormap encodes the corresponding</i> <i>values (in Hz), with lighter gray indicating lower thresholds. As PC activity increases, the sliding threshold</i> <i>shifts rightward, reducing the potentiation range and increasing the chances of depression (a larger part of the curve is negative). The same applies for a lower activity in PC, leading to higher chance of potentiation.</i> <b>(B)</b> CSpk-triggered change in BCM. When there is a CSpk, the activity of the PC (blue) decreases. The sliding threshold <i>(black) follows and goes lower than the PC activity, leading to potentiation (green). When</i> <i>is higher than the activity there is depression (red). This is shown for both Up/Downbound zones.</i> <b>(C)</b> <i>Trace of the IO membrane potential for Downbound coupled scenario. This trace was selected to illustrate the short-timescale effects of different IO spike intervals on plasticity mechanisms (BCM and CSpk-triggered LTD). While this particular trace appears bursty, it is not representative of the full IO population. IO neurons in the model exhibit a range of firing modes including tonic firing and quiescence. The mean response profile shows a ~ 1 Hz firing rate (</i><b><a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013609#pcbi.1013609.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1B</a></b><i>) and the IO has a large distribution of firing rates across the population (</i><b><a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013609#pcbi.1013609.g003" target="_blank">Fig 3B</a></b><i>). IO burstiness was not explicitly tuned and remained within biologically observed ranges (<6Hz), consistent with experimental findings [</i><a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013609#pcbi.1013609.ref052" target="_blank">52</a>,<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013609#pcbi.1013609.ref077" target="_blank">77</a>–<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013609#pcbi.1013609.ref080" target="_blank">80</a><i>].</i> <b>(D)</b> CSpk-triggered LTD component of synaptic plasticity. This shows the change in synaptic weight due to a IO spike (CSpk) event, proportional to the instantaneous activity of the PF. In the absence of a CSpk, this component is zero; following a CSpk, it produces a transient depression that decays back to zero. <b>(E)</b> BCM component of synaptic plasticity. This reflects the change in synaptic weight based on the recent activity of the PC and the BCM threshold <i>. It evolves continuously, independently of CF input.</i> <b>(F)</b> <i>Total synaptic weight update, computed as the sum of the BCM component and the CSpk-triggered LTD component. All values are unitless and represent normalized synaptic efficacy changes per time step in the model.</i> <b>(G)</b> <i>Relative difference of synaptic weights of all PCs connecting to PF 1 before and after each plasticity (AP 1, 2, 3 and 4) between the epochs (current weight divided by the one of the previous event) for Upbound zones.</i> <b>(H)</b> <i>Same as I but for the Downbound zones.</i> <b>(I)</b> <i>Boxplots depict absolute differences between the epochs for the whole population of weights (current weight minus previous weight) for Upbound zones.</i> <b>(J)</b> <i>Same as K but for the Downbound zones.</i> <b>(K)</b> <i>Median synaptic weight changes across four plasticity epochs for 10 independent Upbound simulations with randomized network and OU input per run.</i> <b>(L)</b> <i>Same as M, but for Downbound simulations. Synaptic weights are unitless and represent normalized efficacy values in the model.</i></p>2025-10-21T17:41:51ZImageFigureinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionimage10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013609.g002https://figshare.com/articles/figure/The_plasticity_direction_differs_between_Up_Downbound_micromodules_/30410210CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/304102102025-10-21T17:41:51Z |
| spellingShingle | The plasticity direction differs between Up/Downbound micromodules. Elías M. Fernández Santoro (22470299) Cell Biology Neuroscience Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Information Systems not elsewhere classified unique molecular profiles frequency band pfs homeostatic bidirectional plasticity examine plasticity dynamics cerebellar nuclei neurons high intrinsic firing downbound modules determine synaptic dynamics necessary downbound cerebellar micromodules io neurons participating synaptic plasticity downbound micromodules io neurons baseline firing downbound zones synaptic weights downbound pcs weeks depending stochastic input stabilizing mechanisms stabilized optimally results indicate relatively low purkinje cell overall strength organized loops inferior olive highly adaptable differential levels different levels |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | The plasticity direction differs between Up/Downbound micromodules. |
| title_full | The plasticity direction differs between Up/Downbound micromodules. |
| title_fullStr | The plasticity direction differs between Up/Downbound micromodules. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The plasticity direction differs between Up/Downbound micromodules. |
| title_short | The plasticity direction differs between Up/Downbound micromodules. |
| title_sort | The plasticity direction differs between Up/Downbound micromodules. |
| topic | Cell Biology Neuroscience Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Information Systems not elsewhere classified unique molecular profiles frequency band pfs homeostatic bidirectional plasticity examine plasticity dynamics cerebellar nuclei neurons high intrinsic firing downbound modules determine synaptic dynamics necessary downbound cerebellar micromodules io neurons participating synaptic plasticity downbound micromodules io neurons baseline firing downbound zones synaptic weights downbound pcs weeks depending stochastic input stabilizing mechanisms stabilized optimally results indicate relatively low purkinje cell overall strength organized loops inferior olive highly adaptable differential levels different levels |