Flow Chart.

<div><p>Objective</p><p>To ascertain whether, in comparison to the participants’ expected abilities, the weather may cause abnormally poor cognitive or physical performance. Design Secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial</p><p>Setting</p><p>...

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Váldodahkki: Jason Shourick (11436869) (author)
Eará dahkkit: Valérie Lauwers-Cances (14976678) (author), Bruno Vellas (133953) (author), Nicola Coley (4429804) (author), Sandrine Andrieu (593534) (author)
Almmustuhtton: 2025
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author Jason Shourick (11436869)
author2 Valérie Lauwers-Cances (14976678)
Bruno Vellas (133953)
Nicola Coley (4429804)
Sandrine Andrieu (593534)
author2_role author
author
author
author
author_facet Jason Shourick (11436869)
Valérie Lauwers-Cances (14976678)
Bruno Vellas (133953)
Nicola Coley (4429804)
Sandrine Andrieu (593534)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Jason Shourick (11436869)
Valérie Lauwers-Cances (14976678)
Bruno Vellas (133953)
Nicola Coley (4429804)
Sandrine Andrieu (593534)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-11-25T18:27:42Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0335866.g001
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Flow_Chart_/30713697
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Medicine
Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Evolutionary Biology
Developmental Biology
Science Policy
Mental Health
Infectious Diseases
Virology
subjective memory complaints
slow gait speed
participants &# 8217
individual &# 8217
design secondary analysis
composite cognitive z
abnormally low scores
weather affects cognitive
13 memory centres
xlink "> cognition
free individuals aged
significantly increased risk
xlink ">
weather conditions
significantly increase
13 95
strongly considered
results suggest
physical performance
physical outcomes
physical function
older adults
mental state
mapt trial
instrumental activity
included dementia
grip strength
false conclusions
expected ability
expected abilities
clinical research
clinical practice
category fluency
assessed using
ascertain whether
70 years
15 95
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Flow Chart.
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Image
Figure
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
image
description <div><p>Objective</p><p>To ascertain whether, in comparison to the participants’ expected abilities, the weather may cause abnormally poor cognitive or physical performance. Design Secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial</p><p>Setting</p><p>Study conducted between May, 2008, and Feb, 2011 in 13 memory centres in France and Monaco</p><p>Participants</p><p>1313 participants from the MAPT trial, a 5-year multicentre prevention trial, which included dementia-free individuals aged over 70 years. Participants presented subjective memory complaints, slow gait speed and/or an instrumental activity of daily living limitation.</p><p>Main outcome measures</p><p>Cognition was assessed using a composite cognitive Z-score (composed of digit symbol substitution test, free and cued selective reminding test, Mini-mental state, category fluency) and subjective memory complaints. Physical function was assessed using gait speed, the short physical performance battery (SPPB) and its components, and grip strength. Abnormally low scores were defined as an observed score that was lower than the individual’s expected ability by at least the minimal clinically important difference.</p><p>Results</p><p>Higher outdoor temperature was associated with a significantly increased risk of abnormally low gait speed or SPPB (respectively OR 1.13 95% CI (1.04, 1.22) and OR 1.15 95% CI (1.03, 1.29) for 10 degrees Celsius), but did not significantly increase the risk of abnormally low cognitive function.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our results suggest that weather conditions should be strongly considered when assessing the physical performance of older adults in the context of clinical practice and clinical research as examination in hot weather might lead to false conclusions on the participants’ abilities.</p></div>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
id Manara_b844b60c8a5b56f00e9927b194f4de9a
identifier_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0335866.g001
network_acronym_str Manara
network_name_str ManaraRepo
oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/30713697
publishDate 2025
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository_id_str
rights_invalid_str_mv CC BY 4.0
spelling Flow Chart.Jason Shourick (11436869)Valérie Lauwers-Cances (14976678)Bruno Vellas (133953)Nicola Coley (4429804)Sandrine Andrieu (593534)MedicineNeuroscienceBiotechnologyEvolutionary BiologyDevelopmental BiologyScience PolicyMental HealthInfectious DiseasesVirologysubjective memory complaintsslow gait speedparticipants &# 8217individual &# 8217design secondary analysiscomposite cognitive zabnormally low scoresweather affects cognitive13 memory centresxlink "> cognitionfree individuals agedsignificantly increased riskxlink ">weather conditionssignificantly increase13 95strongly consideredresults suggestphysical performancephysical outcomesphysical functionolder adultsmental statemapt trialinstrumental activityincluded dementiagrip strengthfalse conclusionsexpected abilityexpected abilitiesclinical researchclinical practicecategory fluencyassessed usingascertain whether70 years15 95<div><p>Objective</p><p>To ascertain whether, in comparison to the participants’ expected abilities, the weather may cause abnormally poor cognitive or physical performance. Design Secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial</p><p>Setting</p><p>Study conducted between May, 2008, and Feb, 2011 in 13 memory centres in France and Monaco</p><p>Participants</p><p>1313 participants from the MAPT trial, a 5-year multicentre prevention trial, which included dementia-free individuals aged over 70 years. Participants presented subjective memory complaints, slow gait speed and/or an instrumental activity of daily living limitation.</p><p>Main outcome measures</p><p>Cognition was assessed using a composite cognitive Z-score (composed of digit symbol substitution test, free and cued selective reminding test, Mini-mental state, category fluency) and subjective memory complaints. Physical function was assessed using gait speed, the short physical performance battery (SPPB) and its components, and grip strength. Abnormally low scores were defined as an observed score that was lower than the individual’s expected ability by at least the minimal clinically important difference.</p><p>Results</p><p>Higher outdoor temperature was associated with a significantly increased risk of abnormally low gait speed or SPPB (respectively OR 1.13 95% CI (1.04, 1.22) and OR 1.15 95% CI (1.03, 1.29) for 10 degrees Celsius), but did not significantly increase the risk of abnormally low cognitive function.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our results suggest that weather conditions should be strongly considered when assessing the physical performance of older adults in the context of clinical practice and clinical research as examination in hot weather might lead to false conclusions on the participants’ abilities.</p></div>2025-11-25T18:27:42ZImageFigureinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionimage10.1371/journal.pone.0335866.g001https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Flow_Chart_/30713697CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/307136972025-11-25T18:27:42Z
spellingShingle Flow Chart.
Jason Shourick (11436869)
Medicine
Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Evolutionary Biology
Developmental Biology
Science Policy
Mental Health
Infectious Diseases
Virology
subjective memory complaints
slow gait speed
participants &# 8217
individual &# 8217
design secondary analysis
composite cognitive z
abnormally low scores
weather affects cognitive
13 memory centres
xlink "> cognition
free individuals aged
significantly increased risk
xlink ">
weather conditions
significantly increase
13 95
strongly considered
results suggest
physical performance
physical outcomes
physical function
older adults
mental state
mapt trial
instrumental activity
included dementia
grip strength
false conclusions
expected ability
expected abilities
clinical research
clinical practice
category fluency
assessed using
ascertain whether
70 years
15 95
status_str publishedVersion
title Flow Chart.
title_full Flow Chart.
title_fullStr Flow Chart.
title_full_unstemmed Flow Chart.
title_short Flow Chart.
title_sort Flow Chart.
topic Medicine
Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Evolutionary Biology
Developmental Biology
Science Policy
Mental Health
Infectious Diseases
Virology
subjective memory complaints
slow gait speed
participants &# 8217
individual &# 8217
design secondary analysis
composite cognitive z
abnormally low scores
weather affects cognitive
13 memory centres
xlink "> cognition
free individuals aged
significantly increased risk
xlink ">
weather conditions
significantly increase
13 95
strongly considered
results suggest
physical performance
physical outcomes
physical function
older adults
mental state
mapt trial
instrumental activity
included dementia
grip strength
false conclusions
expected ability
expected abilities
clinical research
clinical practice
category fluency
assessed using
ascertain whether
70 years
15 95