The PBFT consensus algorithm.
<div><p>Smart grids collect real-time power consumption reports that are then forwarded to the utility service providers over the public communication channels. Compared with the traditional power grids, smart grids integrate information and communication technologies, cyber physical sys...
محفوظ في:
| المؤلف الرئيسي: | |
|---|---|
| مؤلفون آخرون: | , , , , , , |
| منشور في: |
2025
|
| الموضوعات: | |
| الوسوم: |
إضافة وسم
لا توجد وسوم, كن أول من يضع وسما على هذه التسجيلة!
|
| _version_ | 1852019942206996480 |
|---|---|
| author | Keyan Abdul-Aziz Mutlaq (17833696) |
| author2 | Vincent Omollo Nyangaresi (17729636) Mohd Adib Omar (17833699) Zaid Ameen Abduljabbar (17729630) Junchao Ma (3684286) Mustafa A. Al Sibahee (17729627) Abdulla J. Y. Aldarwish (21439971) Ali Hasan Ali (20969094) |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Keyan Abdul-Aziz Mutlaq (17833696) Vincent Omollo Nyangaresi (17729636) Mohd Adib Omar (17833699) Zaid Ameen Abduljabbar (17729630) Junchao Ma (3684286) Mustafa A. Al Sibahee (17729627) Abdulla J. Y. Aldarwish (21439971) Ali Hasan Ali (20969094) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Keyan Abdul-Aziz Mutlaq (17833696) Vincent Omollo Nyangaresi (17729636) Mohd Adib Omar (17833699) Zaid Ameen Abduljabbar (17729630) Junchao Ma (3684286) Mustafa A. Al Sibahee (17729627) Abdulla J. Y. Aldarwish (21439971) Ali Hasan Ali (20969094) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-05-28T17:59:44Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0318182.g005 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/figure/The_PBFT_consensus_algorithm_/29173497 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Biochemistry Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified utility service providers public key cryptosystems elliptic curve cryptography efficient data protection derived session keys cyber physical systems traditional power grids electric power systems smart grid components public communication channels performance evaluation shows numerous heterogeneous technologies blockchain assisted signature certificate based protocol power generation smart meters model shows introduced based communication technologies transaction management supported security security techniques security challenges protocol achieves privileged insider enhance flexibility distribution domains digital certificates devices increases computation complexity bilinear pairing attack surface |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | The PBFT consensus algorithm. |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Image Figure info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion image |
| description | <div><p>Smart grids collect real-time power consumption reports that are then forwarded to the utility service providers over the public communication channels. Compared with the traditional power grids, smart grids integrate information and communication technologies, cyber physical systems, power generation and distribution domains to enhance flexibility, efficiency, transparency and reliability of the electric power systems. However, this integration of numerous heterogeneous technologies and devices increases the attack surface. Therefore, a myriad of security techniques have been introduced based on technologies such as public key cryptosystems, blockchain, bilinear pairing and elliptic curve cryptography. However, majority of these protocols have security challenges while the others incur high complexities. Therefore, they are not ideal for some of the smart grid components such as smart meters which are resource-constrained. In this paper, a protocol that leverages on digital certificates, signatures, elliptic curve cryptography and blockchain is developed. The formal verification using Real-Or-Random (ROR) model shows that the derived session keys are secure. In addition, semantic security analysis shows that it is robust against typical smart grid attacks such as replays, forgery, privileged insider, side-channeling and impersonations. Moreover, the performance evaluation shows that our protocol achieves a 17.19% reduction in the computation complexity and a 46.15% improvement in the supported security and privacy features.</p></div> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara_cfefd3e7ca41b68a92f30c96e001b01a |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0318182.g005 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara |
| network_name_str | ManaraRepo |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/29173497 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | The PBFT consensus algorithm.Keyan Abdul-Aziz Mutlaq (17833696)Vincent Omollo Nyangaresi (17729636)Mohd Adib Omar (17833699)Zaid Ameen Abduljabbar (17729630)Junchao Ma (3684286)Mustafa A. Al Sibahee (17729627)Abdulla J. Y. Aldarwish (21439971)Ali Hasan Ali (20969094)BiochemistryEnvironmental Sciences not elsewhere classifiedBiological Sciences not elsewhere classifiedutility service providerspublic key cryptosystemselliptic curve cryptographyefficient data protectionderived session keyscyber physical systemstraditional power gridselectric power systemssmart grid componentspublic communication channelsperformance evaluation showsnumerous heterogeneous technologiesblockchain assisted signaturecertificate based protocolpower generationsmart metersmodel showsintroduced basedcommunication technologiestransaction managementsupported securitysecurity techniquessecurity challengesprotocol achievesprivileged insiderenhance flexibilitydistribution domainsdigital certificatesdevices increasescomputation complexitybilinear pairingattack surface<div><p>Smart grids collect real-time power consumption reports that are then forwarded to the utility service providers over the public communication channels. Compared with the traditional power grids, smart grids integrate information and communication technologies, cyber physical systems, power generation and distribution domains to enhance flexibility, efficiency, transparency and reliability of the electric power systems. However, this integration of numerous heterogeneous technologies and devices increases the attack surface. Therefore, a myriad of security techniques have been introduced based on technologies such as public key cryptosystems, blockchain, bilinear pairing and elliptic curve cryptography. However, majority of these protocols have security challenges while the others incur high complexities. Therefore, they are not ideal for some of the smart grid components such as smart meters which are resource-constrained. In this paper, a protocol that leverages on digital certificates, signatures, elliptic curve cryptography and blockchain is developed. The formal verification using Real-Or-Random (ROR) model shows that the derived session keys are secure. In addition, semantic security analysis shows that it is robust against typical smart grid attacks such as replays, forgery, privileged insider, side-channeling and impersonations. Moreover, the performance evaluation shows that our protocol achieves a 17.19% reduction in the computation complexity and a 46.15% improvement in the supported security and privacy features.</p></div>2025-05-28T17:59:44ZImageFigureinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionimage10.1371/journal.pone.0318182.g005https://figshare.com/articles/figure/The_PBFT_consensus_algorithm_/29173497CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/291734972025-05-28T17:59:44Z |
| spellingShingle | The PBFT consensus algorithm. Keyan Abdul-Aziz Mutlaq (17833696) Biochemistry Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified utility service providers public key cryptosystems elliptic curve cryptography efficient data protection derived session keys cyber physical systems traditional power grids electric power systems smart grid components public communication channels performance evaluation shows numerous heterogeneous technologies blockchain assisted signature certificate based protocol power generation smart meters model shows introduced based communication technologies transaction management supported security security techniques security challenges protocol achieves privileged insider enhance flexibility distribution domains digital certificates devices increases computation complexity bilinear pairing attack surface |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | The PBFT consensus algorithm. |
| title_full | The PBFT consensus algorithm. |
| title_fullStr | The PBFT consensus algorithm. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The PBFT consensus algorithm. |
| title_short | The PBFT consensus algorithm. |
| title_sort | The PBFT consensus algorithm. |
| topic | Biochemistry Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified utility service providers public key cryptosystems elliptic curve cryptography efficient data protection derived session keys cyber physical systems traditional power grids electric power systems smart grid components public communication channels performance evaluation shows numerous heterogeneous technologies blockchain assisted signature certificate based protocol power generation smart meters model shows introduced based communication technologies transaction management supported security security techniques security challenges protocol achieves privileged insider enhance flexibility distribution domains digital certificates devices increases computation complexity bilinear pairing attack surface |