Phase-to-amplitude coupling (modulation index [MI]) post-TMS pulse (0–300 ms).

<p><b>(A)</b> Grating-absent condition. Left panel: Raw difference plots of the MI in the posterior cluster over the stimulated (right) hemisphere (electrodes: O2, POz, Oz, PO8, PO4) between FEF-TMS and control stimulation (M1foot-TMS). The frequency of the lower alpha/beta phase i...

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Main Author: Jelena Trajkovic (10654546) (author)
Other Authors: Domenica Veniero (382696) (author), Simon Hanslmayr (3142404) (author), Satu Palva (785490) (author), Gabriela Cruz (806491) (author), Vincenzo Romei (287497) (author), Gregor Thut (220908) (author)
Published: 2025
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Summary:<p><b>(A)</b> Grating-absent condition. Left panel: Raw difference plots of the MI in the posterior cluster over the stimulated (right) hemisphere (electrodes: O2, POz, Oz, PO8, PO4) between FEF-TMS and control stimulation (M1foot-TMS). The frequency of the lower alpha/beta phase is shown in the y-axis. The frequency of the higher gamma amplitude is represented on the x-axis. Right panel: Z-scores of the permutation-based analysis between FEF-TMS and control stimulation (M1foot-TMS). No significant clusters were identified. <b>(B)</b> Grating-present condition. Left panel: Raw difference plots of the MI in the posterior cluster of the stimulated (right) hemisphere (electrodes: O2, POz, Oz, PO8, PO4) between FEF-TMS and control stimulation (M1foot-TMS). The frequency of the lower alpha/beta phase is represented on the y-axis. The frequency of the higher gamma amplitude is shown on the x-axis. Right panel: Z-scores of the permutation-based analysis between FEF-TMS and control stimulation (M1foot-TMS). Significant clusters are framed with the black line. <b>(C)</b> Topographies of the significant clusters of the identified MI differences in the grating-present vs. grating-absent condition. Electrodes used for the MI analysis are marked with gray circles. <b>(D)</b> Beta (15 Hz) phase sorted gamma power is shown for all data of the experimental condition that yielded a significant MI (FEF-TMS when stimulus is present). Note the higher gamma activity for the bins around the beta peak. <b>(E)</b> Data for a single trial from the experimental condition that yielded significant MI (FEF-TMS when grating is present) filtered in the gamma and beta frequency. Note that gamma increases mostly in beta peaks. Data underlying this figure can be found at <a href="https://osf.io/9uhta/" target="_blank">https://osf.io/9uhta/</a>. Hz = hertz; <i>t</i> = time.</p>