Imaging equipment, acquisition settings.
<div><p>The physical properties of distinct raw materials, such as hardness, homogeneity, and grain size, have been recurrently suggested as some of the key reasons for human decision-making, namely the selection, production, and use of stone implements in the past. However, little is kn...
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2025
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| _version_ | 1852018355769180160 |
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| author | David Nora (10098723) |
| author2 | João Marreiros (10098714) Walter Gneisinger (4469455) Antonella Pedergnana (9727297) Telmo Pereira (111111) |
| author2_role | author author author author |
| author_facet | David Nora (10098723) João Marreiros (10098714) Walter Gneisinger (4469455) Antonella Pedergnana (9727297) Telmo Pereira (111111) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | David Nora (10098723) João Marreiros (10098714) Walter Gneisinger (4469455) Antonella Pedergnana (9727297) Telmo Pereira (111111) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-07-18T17:46:59Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0327215.s001 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Imaging_equipment_acquisition_settings_/29601604 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Ecology Sociology Science Policy Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified represent cultural factors necessitating technological adaptations constrained daily activities raw material used various raw materials lithic raw materials distinct raw materials div >< p raw material selection measure durability ). raw materials obsidian ). vary according utmost importance strongly suggests stone tools stone implements site function results correlated resource economy recurrently suggested produce blanks penetration depth outcome demonstrates null hypothesis mechanical performance measure effectiveness likely triggered key reasons investigating aspects interconnected behaviours human behaviour highly relevant group mobility grain size experimental assessment edge wear different types controlled experiment blunt artefactssuch archaeological record archaeological contexts aking process >&# 8220 |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Imaging equipment, acquisition settings. |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Dataset info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion dataset |
| description | <div><p>The physical properties of distinct raw materials, such as hardness, homogeneity, and grain size, have been recurrently suggested as some of the key reasons for human decision-making, namely the selection, production, and use of stone implements in the past. However, little is known, concerning the relationship between stone tools and human behaviour and how this is reflected in the variability seen in the archaeological record. Therefore, investigating stone tools’ properties and performance brings fundamental insights into identifying and understanding the origins of some of the major human technological behavioural traits. In this study, we aim to address this topic by measuring the variability of the properties of lithic raw materials from the perspective of tool use. A controlled experiment was designed to test the mechanical performance with a focus on the efficiency (ratio between effectiveness and durability) of four distinct raw materials (quartzite, dacite, flint, and obsidian). Our study addresses the null hypothesis: <i>“Edge efficiency does not vary according to the different lithic raw materials.”</i> Efficiency is assessedby the combination of penetration depth (proxy to measure effectiveness) and edge wear (proxy to measure durability). These two variables were measured, and the results correlated with the physical properties of various raw materials, including hardness and grain size. Our results show significant differences in the efficiency between the different types of raw materials. The outcome demonstrates that the variables by which we test the edge efficiency of lithic raw materials are highly relevant for raw material selection and, consequently, may have been of utmost importance in influencing the decision-aking process of past hunter-gatherers. A decrease in tool efficiency during use may have constrained daily activities, necessitating technological adaptations. This strongly suggests that each raw material used in archaeological contexts to produce blanks <i>should be evaluated for its efficiency.</i> In addition, it may be pertinent to extend this approach to other blunt artefactssuch as scrapers, burins, anvils, and hammerstones when investigating aspects of interconnected behaviours such as artefact variability, resource economy, group mobility, and site function. Such choices and decisions are coded in the archaeological record and represent cultural factors that were transmitted through learning and likely triggered the human decision-making process of past hunter-gatherers.</p></div> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara_e2db7f09d1eb54ce6f2b7ea839ecbf3d |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0327215.s001 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara |
| network_name_str | ManaraRepo |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/29601604 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | Imaging equipment, acquisition settings.David Nora (10098723)João Marreiros (10098714)Walter Gneisinger (4469455)Antonella Pedergnana (9727297)Telmo Pereira (111111)EcologySociologyScience PolicyEnvironmental Sciences not elsewhere classifiedBiological Sciences not elsewhere classifiedChemical Sciences not elsewhere classifiedrepresent cultural factorsnecessitating technological adaptationsconstrained daily activitiesraw material usedvarious raw materialslithic raw materialsdistinct raw materialsdiv >< praw material selectionmeasure durability ).raw materialsobsidian ).vary accordingutmost importancestrongly suggestsstone toolsstone implementssite functionresults correlatedresource economyrecurrently suggestedproduce blankspenetration depthoutcome demonstratesnull hypothesismechanical performancemeasure effectivenesslikely triggeredkey reasonsinvestigating aspectsinterconnected behaviourshuman behaviourhighly relevantgroup mobilitygrain sizeexperimental assessmentedge weardifferent typescontrolled experimentblunt artefactssucharchaeological recordarchaeological contextsaking process>&# 8220<div><p>The physical properties of distinct raw materials, such as hardness, homogeneity, and grain size, have been recurrently suggested as some of the key reasons for human decision-making, namely the selection, production, and use of stone implements in the past. However, little is known, concerning the relationship between stone tools and human behaviour and how this is reflected in the variability seen in the archaeological record. Therefore, investigating stone tools’ properties and performance brings fundamental insights into identifying and understanding the origins of some of the major human technological behavioural traits. In this study, we aim to address this topic by measuring the variability of the properties of lithic raw materials from the perspective of tool use. A controlled experiment was designed to test the mechanical performance with a focus on the efficiency (ratio between effectiveness and durability) of four distinct raw materials (quartzite, dacite, flint, and obsidian). Our study addresses the null hypothesis: <i>“Edge efficiency does not vary according to the different lithic raw materials.”</i> Efficiency is assessedby the combination of penetration depth (proxy to measure effectiveness) and edge wear (proxy to measure durability). These two variables were measured, and the results correlated with the physical properties of various raw materials, including hardness and grain size. Our results show significant differences in the efficiency between the different types of raw materials. The outcome demonstrates that the variables by which we test the edge efficiency of lithic raw materials are highly relevant for raw material selection and, consequently, may have been of utmost importance in influencing the decision-aking process of past hunter-gatherers. A decrease in tool efficiency during use may have constrained daily activities, necessitating technological adaptations. This strongly suggests that each raw material used in archaeological contexts to produce blanks <i>should be evaluated for its efficiency.</i> In addition, it may be pertinent to extend this approach to other blunt artefactssuch as scrapers, burins, anvils, and hammerstones when investigating aspects of interconnected behaviours such as artefact variability, resource economy, group mobility, and site function. Such choices and decisions are coded in the archaeological record and represent cultural factors that were transmitted through learning and likely triggered the human decision-making process of past hunter-gatherers.</p></div>2025-07-18T17:46:59ZDatasetinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiondataset10.1371/journal.pone.0327215.s001https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Imaging_equipment_acquisition_settings_/29601604CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/296016042025-07-18T17:46:59Z |
| spellingShingle | Imaging equipment, acquisition settings. David Nora (10098723) Ecology Sociology Science Policy Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified represent cultural factors necessitating technological adaptations constrained daily activities raw material used various raw materials lithic raw materials distinct raw materials div >< p raw material selection measure durability ). raw materials obsidian ). vary according utmost importance strongly suggests stone tools stone implements site function results correlated resource economy recurrently suggested produce blanks penetration depth outcome demonstrates null hypothesis mechanical performance measure effectiveness likely triggered key reasons investigating aspects interconnected behaviours human behaviour highly relevant group mobility grain size experimental assessment edge wear different types controlled experiment blunt artefactssuch archaeological record archaeological contexts aking process >&# 8220 |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Imaging equipment, acquisition settings. |
| title_full | Imaging equipment, acquisition settings. |
| title_fullStr | Imaging equipment, acquisition settings. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imaging equipment, acquisition settings. |
| title_short | Imaging equipment, acquisition settings. |
| title_sort | Imaging equipment, acquisition settings. |
| topic | Ecology Sociology Science Policy Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified represent cultural factors necessitating technological adaptations constrained daily activities raw material used various raw materials lithic raw materials distinct raw materials div >< p raw material selection measure durability ). raw materials obsidian ). vary according utmost importance strongly suggests stone tools stone implements site function results correlated resource economy recurrently suggested produce blanks penetration depth outcome demonstrates null hypothesis mechanical performance measure effectiveness likely triggered key reasons investigating aspects interconnected behaviours human behaviour highly relevant group mobility grain size experimental assessment edge wear different types controlled experiment blunt artefactssuch archaeological record archaeological contexts aking process >&# 8220 |