4D Printing of Self-Healing, Thermally, and Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Granular Hydrogels with Segmental Directed Movement for Soft Robotic

Soft robots with intelligent shape-changing capabilities and spatially controlled actuation are essential for enhancing their performance. Here, three-dimensional printing of self-healing, near-infrared light-responsive shape memory granular hydrogels (SLSH) was introduced. The hydrogels were formul...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Mehdi Sheikhi (20636822) (author)
Other Authors:	Shaghayegh Vakili (11989736) (author), Niyosha Karimi (20636825) (author), Fatemeh Rafiemanzelat (20636828) (author), Aziz Maleki (13729135) (author), Ashkan Taheri (20636831) (author), Zahra Mohamadnia (15909401) (author), Ali Ramazani (556889) (author)
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Biophysics Medicine Biotechnology Developmental Biology Cancer Space Science Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified spatially controlled actuation segmental directed movement physical interactions within enable chemical cross complete reattachment occurred chemical bonds formed 54 ± 0 26 %, respectively 25 ° c 22 ± 0 0 ° c antibacterial investigations highlighted 2 – 43 thermal shape recovery inherent antibacterial properties weaker healing ability responsive granular hydrogels photothermal activity within distinct melting peak 38 ± 0 shape memory framework antibacterial activity shape memory photothermal conversion 2 min intelligent shape yield strength upon irradiation thinning properties synergistic effects samples exhibited postprinting treatment pmg ’ jammed assembly internal temperature inks showed infrared light increasing trend hydrogels increased hydrogel type higher fraction healing process healing characteristics fixing efficiency epoxy groups dimensional printing crystalline domains changing capabilities bacterial environment 4d printing 24 h
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4D Printing of Self-Healing, Thermally, and Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Granular Hydrogels with Segmental Directed Movement for Soft Robotic

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