Photodegradable Hydrogel Matrices for Spatiotemporal Control of Bacteria Transport and Delivery
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels that provide controlled degradation can be used as bacteria delivery systems for advanced therapeutic applications. Here, we report the first use of photodegradable hydrogels as materials that can direct bacterial movement, tune mean bacteria speed, and control bacteria...
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2025
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| _version_ | 1852017104235003904 |
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| author | Jeffrey A. Reed (22168271) |
| author2 | Scott T. Retterer (1800268) Ryan R. Hansen (276370) |
| author2_role | author author |
| author_facet | Jeffrey A. Reed (22168271) Scott T. Retterer (1800268) Ryan R. Hansen (276370) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Jeffrey A. Reed (22168271) Scott T. Retterer (1800268) Ryan R. Hansen (276370) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-09-02T12:41:58Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1021/acsami.5c14670.s004 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/media/Photodegradable_Hydrogel_Matrices_for_Spatiotemporal_Control_of_Bacteria_Transport_and_Delivery/30031505 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY-NC 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Biochemistry Medicine Microbiology Genetics Molecular Biology Biotechnology Cancer Inorganic Chemistry Infectious Diseases Space Science Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified without significant adhesion using fluorescence visualization monitored using time mean directional change living material applications lapse fluorescence microscopy formed using base bacterial therapeutic applications advanced therapeutic applications bacteria mean speed alter bacteria speed direct bacterial movement bacteria delivery systems photodegradable hydrogel matrices provide controlled degradation control bacteria delivery based hydrogel materials spatiotemporal control controlled doses bacteria transport bacteria chemotaxis delivery vehicles delivery stimuli delivery sites photodegradable poly hydrogel photodegradation hydrogel degradation photodegradable hydrogels varied levels tunable degradation tunable according thiol cross systematic study scale regions partially degraded nutrient gradients nutrient gradient generated across following characterization fold difference findings advance ethylene glycol |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Photodegradable Hydrogel Matrices for Spatiotemporal Control of Bacteria Transport and Delivery |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Dataset Media info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion dataset |
| description | Stimuli-responsive hydrogels that provide controlled degradation can be used as bacteria delivery systems for advanced therapeutic applications. Here, we report the first use of photodegradable hydrogels as materials that can direct bacterial movement, tune mean bacteria speed, and control bacteria delivery through spatiotemporal control of degradation. Hydrogels were formed using base-catalyzed Michael addition reactions between photodegradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) <i>o</i>-nitrobenzyl diacrylate macromers and PEG tetra-thiol cross-linkers within microfluidic channels. Nutrient gradients were generated across the channel, and micron-scale regions of the hydrogel were partially degraded by exposure to controlled doses (2.1–168 mJ/mm<sup>2</sup>) of patterned 365 nm light. Hydrogel degradation was then characterized <i>in situ</i> using fluorescence visualization of fluorescein-labeled hydrogels. Following characterization, Bacillus subtilis expressing green fluorescent protein was introduced into the device, and its movement up the nutrient gradient was monitored using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy to enable a systematic study of bacteria chemotaxis through the hydrogels at varied levels of degradation. B. subtilis showed minimal adhesion to partially degraded PEG hydrogels, and bacteria mean speed and mean directional change were tunable according to the level of hydrogel photodegradation, with a 2.6-fold difference in mean cell speed measured across the partially degraded hydrogel regions. Finally, the ability to alter bacteria speed and directionality through tunable degradation and without significant adhesion was used to achieve controlled release profiles of bacteria to delivery sites. These findings advance the use of PEG-based hydrogel materials as delivery vehicles for bacterial therapeutic applications and other living material applications that require controlled bacteria transport. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara_f1a8a1fc2ccc7e2e78c08fd73f6894a8 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1021/acsami.5c14670.s004 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara |
| network_name_str | ManaraRepo |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/30031505 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY-NC 4.0 |
| spelling | Photodegradable Hydrogel Matrices for Spatiotemporal Control of Bacteria Transport and DeliveryJeffrey A. Reed (22168271)Scott T. Retterer (1800268)Ryan R. Hansen (276370)BiochemistryMedicineMicrobiologyGeneticsMolecular BiologyBiotechnologyCancerInorganic ChemistryInfectious DiseasesSpace ScienceChemical Sciences not elsewhere classifiedwithout significant adhesionusing fluorescence visualizationmonitored using timemean directional changeliving material applicationslapse fluorescence microscopyformed using basebacterial therapeutic applicationsadvanced therapeutic applicationsbacteria mean speedalter bacteria speeddirect bacterial movementbacteria delivery systemsphotodegradable hydrogel matricesprovide controlled degradationcontrol bacteria deliverybased hydrogel materialsspatiotemporal controlcontrolled dosesbacteria transportbacteria chemotaxisdelivery vehiclesdelivery stimulidelivery sitesphotodegradable polyhydrogel photodegradationhydrogel degradationphotodegradable hydrogelsvaried levelstunable degradationtunable accordingthiol crosssystematic studyscale regionspartially degradednutrient gradientsnutrient gradientgenerated acrossfollowing characterizationfold differencefindings advanceethylene glycolStimuli-responsive hydrogels that provide controlled degradation can be used as bacteria delivery systems for advanced therapeutic applications. Here, we report the first use of photodegradable hydrogels as materials that can direct bacterial movement, tune mean bacteria speed, and control bacteria delivery through spatiotemporal control of degradation. Hydrogels were formed using base-catalyzed Michael addition reactions between photodegradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) <i>o</i>-nitrobenzyl diacrylate macromers and PEG tetra-thiol cross-linkers within microfluidic channels. Nutrient gradients were generated across the channel, and micron-scale regions of the hydrogel were partially degraded by exposure to controlled doses (2.1–168 mJ/mm<sup>2</sup>) of patterned 365 nm light. Hydrogel degradation was then characterized <i>in situ</i> using fluorescence visualization of fluorescein-labeled hydrogels. Following characterization, Bacillus subtilis expressing green fluorescent protein was introduced into the device, and its movement up the nutrient gradient was monitored using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy to enable a systematic study of bacteria chemotaxis through the hydrogels at varied levels of degradation. B. subtilis showed minimal adhesion to partially degraded PEG hydrogels, and bacteria mean speed and mean directional change were tunable according to the level of hydrogel photodegradation, with a 2.6-fold difference in mean cell speed measured across the partially degraded hydrogel regions. Finally, the ability to alter bacteria speed and directionality through tunable degradation and without significant adhesion was used to achieve controlled release profiles of bacteria to delivery sites. These findings advance the use of PEG-based hydrogel materials as delivery vehicles for bacterial therapeutic applications and other living material applications that require controlled bacteria transport.2025-09-02T12:41:58ZDatasetMediainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiondataset10.1021/acsami.5c14670.s004https://figshare.com/articles/media/Photodegradable_Hydrogel_Matrices_for_Spatiotemporal_Control_of_Bacteria_Transport_and_Delivery/30031505CC BY-NC 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/300315052025-09-02T12:41:58Z |
| spellingShingle | Photodegradable Hydrogel Matrices for Spatiotemporal Control of Bacteria Transport and Delivery Jeffrey A. Reed (22168271) Biochemistry Medicine Microbiology Genetics Molecular Biology Biotechnology Cancer Inorganic Chemistry Infectious Diseases Space Science Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified without significant adhesion using fluorescence visualization monitored using time mean directional change living material applications lapse fluorescence microscopy formed using base bacterial therapeutic applications advanced therapeutic applications bacteria mean speed alter bacteria speed direct bacterial movement bacteria delivery systems photodegradable hydrogel matrices provide controlled degradation control bacteria delivery based hydrogel materials spatiotemporal control controlled doses bacteria transport bacteria chemotaxis delivery vehicles delivery stimuli delivery sites photodegradable poly hydrogel photodegradation hydrogel degradation photodegradable hydrogels varied levels tunable degradation tunable according thiol cross systematic study scale regions partially degraded nutrient gradients nutrient gradient generated across following characterization fold difference findings advance ethylene glycol |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Photodegradable Hydrogel Matrices for Spatiotemporal Control of Bacteria Transport and Delivery |
| title_full | Photodegradable Hydrogel Matrices for Spatiotemporal Control of Bacteria Transport and Delivery |
| title_fullStr | Photodegradable Hydrogel Matrices for Spatiotemporal Control of Bacteria Transport and Delivery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photodegradable Hydrogel Matrices for Spatiotemporal Control of Bacteria Transport and Delivery |
| title_short | Photodegradable Hydrogel Matrices for Spatiotemporal Control of Bacteria Transport and Delivery |
| title_sort | Photodegradable Hydrogel Matrices for Spatiotemporal Control of Bacteria Transport and Delivery |
| topic | Biochemistry Medicine Microbiology Genetics Molecular Biology Biotechnology Cancer Inorganic Chemistry Infectious Diseases Space Science Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified without significant adhesion using fluorescence visualization monitored using time mean directional change living material applications lapse fluorescence microscopy formed using base bacterial therapeutic applications advanced therapeutic applications bacteria mean speed alter bacteria speed direct bacterial movement bacteria delivery systems photodegradable hydrogel matrices provide controlled degradation control bacteria delivery based hydrogel materials spatiotemporal control controlled doses bacteria transport bacteria chemotaxis delivery vehicles delivery stimuli delivery sites photodegradable poly hydrogel photodegradation hydrogel degradation photodegradable hydrogels varied levels tunable degradation tunable according thiol cross systematic study scale regions partially degraded nutrient gradients nutrient gradient generated across following characterization fold difference findings advance ethylene glycol |