Experimental Design and Procedure.
<p><b>(A)</b> Participants with scores ≥24 on the Shipley underwent all experimental tasks in the following fixed order: Verbal Completion Task (VCT), Verbal Discrimination Task (VDT), and Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). <b>(B)</b> At encoding, participants were present...
সংরক্ষণ করুন:
| প্রধান লেখক: | |
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| অন্যান্য লেখক: | , |
| প্রকাশিত: |
2025
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| বিষয়গুলি: | |
| ট্যাগগুলো: |
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| সংক্ষিপ্ত: | <p><b>(A)</b> Participants with scores ≥24 on the Shipley underwent all experimental tasks in the following fixed order: Verbal Completion Task (VCT), Verbal Discrimination Task (VDT), and Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). <b>(B)</b> At encoding, participants were presented with a series of sentences that each contained one capitalized target word. Participants read each sentence out loud and then rated how well they knew the target word (1 = “don’t know,” 2 = “kind of know,” and 3 = “know very well”). The structure of the encoding task was the same for the VCT and VDT, but the number of trials differed. During the VCT, participants were presented with 24 sentences (20 target, 2 beginning buffers, and 2 ending buffers), and during the VDT, with 84 sentences (80 target, 2 beginning buffers, and 2 ending buffers). <b>(C)</b> VCT retrieval consisted of two blocks: Inclusion and Exclusion. For Inclusion, participants were instructed to complete the cue with a word they had just studied. For Exclusion, participants were instructed to complete the cue with a word they had never seen before in the context of the experiment. <b>(D)</b> During VDT retrieval, participants engaged in a recognition memory test in which they identified each item as “old” or “new” with a button press. Forty words were exact repetitions of words presented in the encoding phase (targets); 40 were synonyms of those seen during the encoding phase but not identical (lures); 40 were new words not previously seen (foils). (E) 33/66 younger and 35/66 older adults completed the MST (old/new version; [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0336045#pone.0336045.ref015" target="_blank">15</a>]). During encoding, participants judged whether each object was commonly found indoors or outdoors. At retrieval, participants engaged in a recognition memory test in which they identified each item as “old” or “new” with a button press. 40 were exact repetitions of images presented in the encoding phase (targets); 40 were similar images to those seen during the encoding phase but not identical (lures); 40 were new images not previously seen (foils).</p> |
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