A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots.

<p>The very large step responses in SAA (~20 rad, subplot A) are caused by large inputs (100% MVC), large maximum muscle forces and moment arms in Delt Lat and Pec Maj, and low joint stiffness in SAA. In actuality, tremorogenic inputs are on the order of 5-10% MVC, so responses would be scaled...

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Main Author: Ian Syndergaard (21627500) (author)
Other Authors: Daniel B. Free (21627503) (author), Dario Farina (292195) (author), Steven K. Charles (21627506) (author)
Published: 2025
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author Ian Syndergaard (21627500)
author2 Daniel B. Free (21627503)
Dario Farina (292195)
Steven K. Charles (21627506)
author2_role author
author
author
author_facet Ian Syndergaard (21627500)
Daniel B. Free (21627503)
Dario Farina (292195)
Steven K. Charles (21627506)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Ian Syndergaard (21627500)
Daniel B. Free (21627503)
Dario Farina (292195)
Steven K. Charles (21627506)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-06-30T18:52:15Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013183.g002
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/figure/A_Step_responses_from_descending_neural_drive_to_joint_displacement_i_e_response_in_due_to_step_in_with_equal_time_and_joint-displacement_ranges_on_the_horizontal_and_vertical_axes_respectively_for_all_subplots_/29440865
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Medicine
Genetics
Neuroscience
Physiology
Biotechnology
Cancer
Hematology
Infectious Diseases
Computational Biology
Space Science
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
understanding motor control
measured innervation lengths
golgi tendon organs
experimentally observed behaviors
comparison proved correct
26 prior studies
excess central delay
heteronymous feedback mediated
present brief comparisons
human upper limb
39 muscle pairs
spindle feedback gains
related parameters available
currently available literature
developing mimo models
loop afferent feedback
upper limb
feedback gains
delay times
feedback parameters
feedback gain
afferent delays
xlink ">
system stability
strong fit
ranges based
primary difficulty
partial validation
offer estimates
neuromusculoskeletal system
muscle spindles
moderate fit
loop multiple
loop models
linear model
known properties
known differences
input multiple
inhibitory connections
combined measurements
65 ).
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots.
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Image
Figure
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
image
description <p>The very large step responses in SAA (~20 rad, subplot A) are caused by large inputs (100% MVC), large maximum muscle forces and moment arms in Delt Lat and Pec Maj, and low joint stiffness in SAA. In actuality, tremorogenic inputs are on the order of 5-10% MVC, so responses would be scaled by 0.05-0.1, and joint stiffness increases significantly toward the ends of joint ranges of motion, further reducing motion amplitude. B) Same as A, but zoomed in, such that each subplot has its own distinct joint-displacement range (along the vertical axis).</p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
id Manara_fae4d2432276a798d400a4b34c8e780a
identifier_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013183.g002
network_acronym_str Manara
network_name_str ManaraRepo
oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/29440865
publishDate 2025
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository_id_str
rights_invalid_str_mv CC BY 4.0
spelling A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots.Ian Syndergaard (21627500)Daniel B. Free (21627503)Dario Farina (292195)Steven K. Charles (21627506)MedicineGeneticsNeurosciencePhysiologyBiotechnologyCancerHematologyInfectious DiseasesComputational BiologySpace ScienceBiological Sciences not elsewhere classifiedInformation Systems not elsewhere classifiedunderstanding motor controlmeasured innervation lengthsgolgi tendon organsexperimentally observed behaviorscomparison proved correct26 prior studiesexcess central delayheteronymous feedback mediatedpresent brief comparisonshuman upper limb39 muscle pairsspindle feedback gainsrelated parameters availablecurrently available literaturedeveloping mimo modelsloop afferent feedbackupper limbfeedback gainsdelay timesfeedback parametersfeedback gainafferent delaysxlink ">system stabilitystrong fitranges basedprimary difficultypartial validationoffer estimatesneuromusculoskeletal systemmuscle spindlesmoderate fitloop multipleloop modelslinear modelknown propertiesknown differencesinput multipleinhibitory connectionscombined measurements65 ).<p>The very large step responses in SAA (~20 rad, subplot A) are caused by large inputs (100% MVC), large maximum muscle forces and moment arms in Delt Lat and Pec Maj, and low joint stiffness in SAA. In actuality, tremorogenic inputs are on the order of 5-10% MVC, so responses would be scaled by 0.05-0.1, and joint stiffness increases significantly toward the ends of joint ranges of motion, further reducing motion amplitude. B) Same as A, but zoomed in, such that each subplot has its own distinct joint-displacement range (along the vertical axis).</p>2025-06-30T18:52:15ZImageFigureinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionimage10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013183.g002https://figshare.com/articles/figure/A_Step_responses_from_descending_neural_drive_to_joint_displacement_i_e_response_in_due_to_step_in_with_equal_time_and_joint-displacement_ranges_on_the_horizontal_and_vertical_axes_respectively_for_all_subplots_/29440865CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/294408652025-06-30T18:52:15Z
spellingShingle A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots.
Ian Syndergaard (21627500)
Medicine
Genetics
Neuroscience
Physiology
Biotechnology
Cancer
Hematology
Infectious Diseases
Computational Biology
Space Science
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
understanding motor control
measured innervation lengths
golgi tendon organs
experimentally observed behaviors
comparison proved correct
26 prior studies
excess central delay
heteronymous feedback mediated
present brief comparisons
human upper limb
39 muscle pairs
spindle feedback gains
related parameters available
currently available literature
developing mimo models
loop afferent feedback
upper limb
feedback gains
delay times
feedback parameters
feedback gain
afferent delays
xlink ">
system stability
strong fit
ranges based
primary difficulty
partial validation
offer estimates
neuromusculoskeletal system
muscle spindles
moderate fit
loop multiple
loop models
linear model
known properties
known differences
input multiple
inhibitory connections
combined measurements
65 ).
status_str publishedVersion
title A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots.
title_full A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots.
title_fullStr A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots.
title_full_unstemmed A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots.
title_short A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots.
title_sort A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots.
topic Medicine
Genetics
Neuroscience
Physiology
Biotechnology
Cancer
Hematology
Infectious Diseases
Computational Biology
Space Science
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
understanding motor control
measured innervation lengths
golgi tendon organs
experimentally observed behaviors
comparison proved correct
26 prior studies
excess central delay
heteronymous feedback mediated
present brief comparisons
human upper limb
39 muscle pairs
spindle feedback gains
related parameters available
currently available literature
developing mimo models
loop afferent feedback
upper limb
feedback gains
delay times
feedback parameters
feedback gain
afferent delays
xlink ">
system stability
strong fit
ranges based
primary difficulty
partial validation
offer estimates
neuromusculoskeletal system
muscle spindles
moderate fit
loop multiple
loop models
linear model
known properties
known differences
input multiple
inhibitory connections
combined measurements
65 ).