A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots.
<p>The very large step responses in SAA (~20 rad, subplot A) are caused by large inputs (100% MVC), large maximum muscle forces and moment arms in Delt Lat and Pec Maj, and low joint stiffness in SAA. In actuality, tremorogenic inputs are on the order of 5-10% MVC, so responses would be scaled...
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2025
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| _version_ | 1852018877415817216 |
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| author | Ian Syndergaard (21627500) |
| author2 | Daniel B. Free (21627503) Dario Farina (292195) Steven K. Charles (21627506) |
| author2_role | author author author |
| author_facet | Ian Syndergaard (21627500) Daniel B. Free (21627503) Dario Farina (292195) Steven K. Charles (21627506) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Ian Syndergaard (21627500) Daniel B. Free (21627503) Dario Farina (292195) Steven K. Charles (21627506) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-06-30T18:52:15Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013183.g002 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/figure/A_Step_responses_from_descending_neural_drive_to_joint_displacement_i_e_response_in_due_to_step_in_with_equal_time_and_joint-displacement_ranges_on_the_horizontal_and_vertical_axes_respectively_for_all_subplots_/29440865 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Medicine Genetics Neuroscience Physiology Biotechnology Cancer Hematology Infectious Diseases Computational Biology Space Science Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Information Systems not elsewhere classified understanding motor control measured innervation lengths golgi tendon organs experimentally observed behaviors comparison proved correct 26 prior studies excess central delay heteronymous feedback mediated present brief comparisons human upper limb 39 muscle pairs spindle feedback gains related parameters available currently available literature developing mimo models loop afferent feedback upper limb feedback gains delay times feedback parameters feedback gain afferent delays xlink "> system stability strong fit ranges based primary difficulty partial validation offer estimates neuromusculoskeletal system muscle spindles moderate fit loop multiple loop models linear model known properties known differences input multiple inhibitory connections combined measurements 65 ). |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots. |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Image Figure info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion image |
| description | <p>The very large step responses in SAA (~20 rad, subplot A) are caused by large inputs (100% MVC), large maximum muscle forces and moment arms in Delt Lat and Pec Maj, and low joint stiffness in SAA. In actuality, tremorogenic inputs are on the order of 5-10% MVC, so responses would be scaled by 0.05-0.1, and joint stiffness increases significantly toward the ends of joint ranges of motion, further reducing motion amplitude. B) Same as A, but zoomed in, such that each subplot has its own distinct joint-displacement range (along the vertical axis).</p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara_fae4d2432276a798d400a4b34c8e780a |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013183.g002 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara |
| network_name_str | ManaraRepo |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/29440865 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots.Ian Syndergaard (21627500)Daniel B. Free (21627503)Dario Farina (292195)Steven K. Charles (21627506)MedicineGeneticsNeurosciencePhysiologyBiotechnologyCancerHematologyInfectious DiseasesComputational BiologySpace ScienceBiological Sciences not elsewhere classifiedInformation Systems not elsewhere classifiedunderstanding motor controlmeasured innervation lengthsgolgi tendon organsexperimentally observed behaviorscomparison proved correct26 prior studiesexcess central delayheteronymous feedback mediatedpresent brief comparisonshuman upper limb39 muscle pairsspindle feedback gainsrelated parameters availablecurrently available literaturedeveloping mimo modelsloop afferent feedbackupper limbfeedback gainsdelay timesfeedback parametersfeedback gainafferent delaysxlink ">system stabilitystrong fitranges basedprimary difficultypartial validationoffer estimatesneuromusculoskeletal systemmuscle spindlesmoderate fitloop multipleloop modelslinear modelknown propertiesknown differencesinput multipleinhibitory connectionscombined measurements65 ).<p>The very large step responses in SAA (~20 rad, subplot A) are caused by large inputs (100% MVC), large maximum muscle forces and moment arms in Delt Lat and Pec Maj, and low joint stiffness in SAA. In actuality, tremorogenic inputs are on the order of 5-10% MVC, so responses would be scaled by 0.05-0.1, and joint stiffness increases significantly toward the ends of joint ranges of motion, further reducing motion amplitude. B) Same as A, but zoomed in, such that each subplot has its own distinct joint-displacement range (along the vertical axis).</p>2025-06-30T18:52:15ZImageFigureinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionimage10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013183.g002https://figshare.com/articles/figure/A_Step_responses_from_descending_neural_drive_to_joint_displacement_i_e_response_in_due_to_step_in_with_equal_time_and_joint-displacement_ranges_on_the_horizontal_and_vertical_axes_respectively_for_all_subplots_/29440865CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/294408652025-06-30T18:52:15Z |
| spellingShingle | A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots. Ian Syndergaard (21627500) Medicine Genetics Neuroscience Physiology Biotechnology Cancer Hematology Infectious Diseases Computational Biology Space Science Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Information Systems not elsewhere classified understanding motor control measured innervation lengths golgi tendon organs experimentally observed behaviors comparison proved correct 26 prior studies excess central delay heteronymous feedback mediated present brief comparisons human upper limb 39 muscle pairs spindle feedback gains related parameters available currently available literature developing mimo models loop afferent feedback upper limb feedback gains delay times feedback parameters feedback gain afferent delays xlink "> system stability strong fit ranges based primary difficulty partial validation offer estimates neuromusculoskeletal system muscle spindles moderate fit loop multiple loop models linear model known properties known differences input multiple inhibitory connections combined measurements 65 ). |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots. |
| title_full | A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots. |
| title_fullStr | A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots. |
| title_full_unstemmed | A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots. |
| title_short | A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots. |
| title_sort | A) Step responses from descending neural drive to joint displacement (i.e., response in due to step in ), with equal time and joint-displacement ranges (on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively) for all subplots. |
| topic | Medicine Genetics Neuroscience Physiology Biotechnology Cancer Hematology Infectious Diseases Computational Biology Space Science Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Information Systems not elsewhere classified understanding motor control measured innervation lengths golgi tendon organs experimentally observed behaviors comparison proved correct 26 prior studies excess central delay heteronymous feedback mediated present brief comparisons human upper limb 39 muscle pairs spindle feedback gains related parameters available currently available literature developing mimo models loop afferent feedback upper limb feedback gains delay times feedback parameters feedback gain afferent delays xlink "> system stability strong fit ranges based primary difficulty partial validation offer estimates neuromusculoskeletal system muscle spindles moderate fit loop multiple loop models linear model known properties known differences input multiple inhibitory connections combined measurements 65 ). |