Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic Devices
Electrochromic (EC) materials can be widely used in displays, electronic labels, and smart window. However, obtaining EC polymer materials with more stability and faster response times is still a great challenge. Based on the concept that a planar block will improve the electron transfer and a nonpl...
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2025
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| _version_ | 1852015312016244736 |
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| author | Minghao Zhai (14444674) |
| author2 | Chunli Ma (1875385) Jingtao An (22535570) Wanan Cai (17271788) Tingting Zhou (163678) Haijun Niu (6818282) Wen Wang (6570) |
| author2_role | author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Minghao Zhai (14444674) Chunli Ma (1875385) Jingtao An (22535570) Wanan Cai (17271788) Tingting Zhou (163678) Haijun Niu (6818282) Wen Wang (6570) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Minghao Zhai (14444674) Chunli Ma (1875385) Jingtao An (22535570) Wanan Cai (17271788) Tingting Zhou (163678) Haijun Niu (6818282) Wen Wang (6570) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-10-31T10:04:53Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1021/acsami.5c15945.s001 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/media/Seeking_Dual_Channels_for_Conducting_in_Color_Paradise_Optimizing_Electron_Hopping_and_Ion_Diffusion_in_Polyimides_Films_to_Contribute_Better_Performance_of_Electrochromic_Devices/30499559 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY-NC 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Biophysics Biochemistry Physiology Biotechnology Computational Biology Space Science Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified visual signaling ecd tested three types synthesized two kinds seeking dual channels providing design strategy faster response times exceptional coloration efficiency environmental hazard tests conventional double glazing contribute better performance bleaching time (< optimizing electron hopping loose polymer films exhibiting great potential efficient electron hopping based modification groups electrochromic devices electrochromic 2 </ sup electrochromic properties polyimides films great challenge electron transfer electron simultaneously widely used special combination smart window redox centers real scenario planar block overall electrochemical nonplanar block experimental results energyplus </ encourage improvement electronic labels ecbs ), dicyclohexanoic anhydride dense packing colorless film color paradise closer proximity climatic zones >< sub 89 %) 650 cm 54 nm |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic Devices |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Dataset Media info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion dataset |
| description | Electrochromic (EC) materials can be widely used in displays, electronic labels, and smart window. However, obtaining EC polymer materials with more stability and faster response times is still a great challenge. Based on the concept that a planar block will improve the electron transfer and a nonplanar block will decrease the dense packing, the special combination will encourage improvement of conductivity of ion and electron simultaneously. We designed and synthesized two kinds of PIs (PI-DH and PI-DP) condensed from dicyclohexanoic anhydride and triarylamine–fluorene–triarylamine (TAA–FL–TAA) diamine, withdihexyl and diphenyl as FL-based modification groups, respectively. The colorless film of PI-DH exhibits cycling stability exceeding 2000 cycles, rapid coloring time (<i>t</i><sub>c</sub>) and bleaching time (<i>t</i><sub>b</sub>) (0.4 s/1.5 s), high optical contrast (89%) and exceptional coloration efficiency (650 cm<sup>2</sup> C<sup>–1</sup>). Compared to the rigid benzene ring side groups of PI-DP, the flexible alkyl side chains of PI-DH form more loose polymer films that facilitate the entry and exit of ions while placing the redox centers in closer proximity to each other for more efficient electron hopping, which improves the overall electrochemical and electrochromic properties. Furthermore, we fabricated and tested three types of devices in a real scenario: visual signaling ECD (VSECD), EC intelligent blinds (ECBs), and sensor for explosive. Especially, the experimental results and simulations by <i>EnergyPlus</i> have shown that the ECB based on PI-DH (ECB-PI) achieves average energy savings of more than 16% compared to conventional double glazing in most climatic zones of the world, which providing design strategy for achieving global carbon neutrality and sustainability. In addition, PI-DH and PI-DP show PL sensitive to TNP with LOD = 24 and 54 nM, respectively, exhibiting great potential in environmental hazard tests. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara_fcaead11dbec5d7bf3aa3ba79bbf3e32 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1021/acsami.5c15945.s001 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara |
| network_name_str | ManaraRepo |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/30499559 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY-NC 4.0 |
| spelling | Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic DevicesMinghao Zhai (14444674)Chunli Ma (1875385)Jingtao An (22535570)Wanan Cai (17271788)Tingting Zhou (163678)Haijun Niu (6818282)Wen Wang (6570)BiophysicsBiochemistryPhysiologyBiotechnologyComputational BiologySpace ScienceEnvironmental Sciences not elsewhere classifiedBiological Sciences not elsewhere classifiedChemical Sciences not elsewhere classifiedvisual signaling ecdtested three typessynthesized two kindsseeking dual channelsproviding design strategyfaster response timesexceptional coloration efficiencyenvironmental hazard testsconventional double glazingcontribute better performancebleaching time (<optimizing electron hoppingloose polymer filmsexhibiting great potentialefficient electron hoppingbased modification groupselectrochromic devices electrochromic2 </ supelectrochromic propertiespolyimides filmsgreat challengeelectron transferelectron simultaneouslywidely usedspecial combinationsmart windowredox centersreal scenarioplanar blockoverall electrochemicalnonplanar blockexperimental resultsenergyplus </encourage improvementelectronic labelsecbs ),dicyclohexanoic anhydridedense packingcolorless filmcolor paradisecloser proximityclimatic zones>< sub89 %)650 cm54 nmElectrochromic (EC) materials can be widely used in displays, electronic labels, and smart window. However, obtaining EC polymer materials with more stability and faster response times is still a great challenge. Based on the concept that a planar block will improve the electron transfer and a nonplanar block will decrease the dense packing, the special combination will encourage improvement of conductivity of ion and electron simultaneously. We designed and synthesized two kinds of PIs (PI-DH and PI-DP) condensed from dicyclohexanoic anhydride and triarylamine–fluorene–triarylamine (TAA–FL–TAA) diamine, withdihexyl and diphenyl as FL-based modification groups, respectively. The colorless film of PI-DH exhibits cycling stability exceeding 2000 cycles, rapid coloring time (<i>t</i><sub>c</sub>) and bleaching time (<i>t</i><sub>b</sub>) (0.4 s/1.5 s), high optical contrast (89%) and exceptional coloration efficiency (650 cm<sup>2</sup> C<sup>–1</sup>). Compared to the rigid benzene ring side groups of PI-DP, the flexible alkyl side chains of PI-DH form more loose polymer films that facilitate the entry and exit of ions while placing the redox centers in closer proximity to each other for more efficient electron hopping, which improves the overall electrochemical and electrochromic properties. Furthermore, we fabricated and tested three types of devices in a real scenario: visual signaling ECD (VSECD), EC intelligent blinds (ECBs), and sensor for explosive. Especially, the experimental results and simulations by <i>EnergyPlus</i> have shown that the ECB based on PI-DH (ECB-PI) achieves average energy savings of more than 16% compared to conventional double glazing in most climatic zones of the world, which providing design strategy for achieving global carbon neutrality and sustainability. In addition, PI-DH and PI-DP show PL sensitive to TNP with LOD = 24 and 54 nM, respectively, exhibiting great potential in environmental hazard tests.2025-10-31T10:04:53ZDatasetMediainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiondataset10.1021/acsami.5c15945.s001https://figshare.com/articles/media/Seeking_Dual_Channels_for_Conducting_in_Color_Paradise_Optimizing_Electron_Hopping_and_Ion_Diffusion_in_Polyimides_Films_to_Contribute_Better_Performance_of_Electrochromic_Devices/30499559CC BY-NC 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/304995592025-10-31T10:04:53Z |
| spellingShingle | Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic Devices Minghao Zhai (14444674) Biophysics Biochemistry Physiology Biotechnology Computational Biology Space Science Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified visual signaling ecd tested three types synthesized two kinds seeking dual channels providing design strategy faster response times exceptional coloration efficiency environmental hazard tests conventional double glazing contribute better performance bleaching time (< optimizing electron hopping loose polymer films exhibiting great potential efficient electron hopping based modification groups electrochromic devices electrochromic 2 </ sup electrochromic properties polyimides films great challenge electron transfer electron simultaneously widely used special combination smart window redox centers real scenario planar block overall electrochemical nonplanar block experimental results energyplus </ encourage improvement electronic labels ecbs ), dicyclohexanoic anhydride dense packing colorless film color paradise closer proximity climatic zones >< sub 89 %) 650 cm 54 nm |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic Devices |
| title_full | Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic Devices |
| title_fullStr | Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic Devices |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic Devices |
| title_short | Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic Devices |
| title_sort | Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic Devices |
| topic | Biophysics Biochemistry Physiology Biotechnology Computational Biology Space Science Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified visual signaling ecd tested three types synthesized two kinds seeking dual channels providing design strategy faster response times exceptional coloration efficiency environmental hazard tests conventional double glazing contribute better performance bleaching time (< optimizing electron hopping loose polymer films exhibiting great potential efficient electron hopping based modification groups electrochromic devices electrochromic 2 </ sup electrochromic properties polyimides films great challenge electron transfer electron simultaneously widely used special combination smart window redox centers real scenario planar block overall electrochemical nonplanar block experimental results energyplus </ encourage improvement electronic labels ecbs ), dicyclohexanoic anhydride dense packing colorless film color paradise closer proximity climatic zones >< sub 89 %) 650 cm 54 nm |