Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic Devices

Electrochromic (EC) materials can be widely used in displays, electronic labels, and smart window. However, obtaining EC polymer materials with more stability and faster response times is still a great challenge. Based on the concept that a planar block will improve the electron transfer and a nonpl...

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Main Author: Minghao Zhai (14444674) (author)
Other Authors: Chunli Ma (1875385) (author), Jingtao An (22535570) (author), Wanan Cai (17271788) (author), Tingting Zhou (163678) (author), Haijun Niu (6818282) (author), Wen Wang (6570) (author)
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1852015312016244736
author Minghao Zhai (14444674)
author2 Chunli Ma (1875385)
Jingtao An (22535570)
Wanan Cai (17271788)
Tingting Zhou (163678)
Haijun Niu (6818282)
Wen Wang (6570)
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author_facet Minghao Zhai (14444674)
Chunli Ma (1875385)
Jingtao An (22535570)
Wanan Cai (17271788)
Tingting Zhou (163678)
Haijun Niu (6818282)
Wen Wang (6570)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Minghao Zhai (14444674)
Chunli Ma (1875385)
Jingtao An (22535570)
Wanan Cai (17271788)
Tingting Zhou (163678)
Haijun Niu (6818282)
Wen Wang (6570)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-10-31T10:04:53Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1021/acsami.5c15945.s001
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/media/Seeking_Dual_Channels_for_Conducting_in_Color_Paradise_Optimizing_Electron_Hopping_and_Ion_Diffusion_in_Polyimides_Films_to_Contribute_Better_Performance_of_Electrochromic_Devices/30499559
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY-NC 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Biophysics
Biochemistry
Physiology
Biotechnology
Computational Biology
Space Science
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
visual signaling ecd
tested three types
synthesized two kinds
seeking dual channels
providing design strategy
faster response times
exceptional coloration efficiency
environmental hazard tests
conventional double glazing
contribute better performance
bleaching time (<
optimizing electron hopping
loose polymer films
exhibiting great potential
efficient electron hopping
based modification groups
electrochromic devices electrochromic
2 </ sup
electrochromic properties
polyimides films
great challenge
electron transfer
electron simultaneously
widely used
special combination
smart window
redox centers
real scenario
planar block
overall electrochemical
nonplanar block
experimental results
energyplus </
encourage improvement
electronic labels
ecbs ),
dicyclohexanoic anhydride
dense packing
colorless film
color paradise
closer proximity
climatic zones
>< sub
89 %)
650 cm
54 nm
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic Devices
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Dataset
Media
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dataset
description Electrochromic (EC) materials can be widely used in displays, electronic labels, and smart window. However, obtaining EC polymer materials with more stability and faster response times is still a great challenge. Based on the concept that a planar block will improve the electron transfer and a nonplanar block will decrease the dense packing, the special combination will encourage improvement of conductivity of ion and electron simultaneously. We designed and synthesized two kinds of PIs (PI-DH and PI-DP) condensed from dicyclohexanoic anhydride and triarylamine–fluorene–triarylamine (TAA–FL–TAA) diamine, withdihexyl and diphenyl as FL-based modification groups, respectively. The colorless film of PI-DH exhibits cycling stability exceeding 2000 cycles, rapid coloring time (<i>t</i><sub>c</sub>) and bleaching time (<i>t</i><sub>b</sub>) (0.4 s/1.5 s), high optical contrast (89%) and exceptional coloration efficiency (650 cm<sup>2</sup> C<sup>–1</sup>). Compared to the rigid benzene ring side groups of PI-DP, the flexible alkyl side chains of PI-DH form more loose polymer films that facilitate the entry and exit of ions while placing the redox centers in closer proximity to each other for more efficient electron hopping, which improves the overall electrochemical and electrochromic properties. Furthermore, we fabricated and tested three types of devices in a real scenario: visual signaling ECD (VSECD), EC intelligent blinds (ECBs), and sensor for explosive. Especially, the experimental results and simulations by <i>EnergyPlus</i> have shown that the ECB based on PI-DH (ECB-PI) achieves average energy savings of more than 16% compared to conventional double glazing in most climatic zones of the world, which providing design strategy for achieving global carbon neutrality and sustainability. In addition, PI-DH and PI-DP show PL sensitive to TNP with LOD = 24 and 54 nM, respectively, exhibiting great potential in environmental hazard tests.
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
id Manara_fcaead11dbec5d7bf3aa3ba79bbf3e32
identifier_str_mv 10.1021/acsami.5c15945.s001
network_acronym_str Manara
network_name_str ManaraRepo
oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/30499559
publishDate 2025
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository_id_str
rights_invalid_str_mv CC BY-NC 4.0
spelling Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic DevicesMinghao Zhai (14444674)Chunli Ma (1875385)Jingtao An (22535570)Wanan Cai (17271788)Tingting Zhou (163678)Haijun Niu (6818282)Wen Wang (6570)BiophysicsBiochemistryPhysiologyBiotechnologyComputational BiologySpace ScienceEnvironmental Sciences not elsewhere classifiedBiological Sciences not elsewhere classifiedChemical Sciences not elsewhere classifiedvisual signaling ecdtested three typessynthesized two kindsseeking dual channelsproviding design strategyfaster response timesexceptional coloration efficiencyenvironmental hazard testsconventional double glazingcontribute better performancebleaching time (<optimizing electron hoppingloose polymer filmsexhibiting great potentialefficient electron hoppingbased modification groupselectrochromic devices electrochromic2 </ supelectrochromic propertiespolyimides filmsgreat challengeelectron transferelectron simultaneouslywidely usedspecial combinationsmart windowredox centersreal scenarioplanar blockoverall electrochemicalnonplanar blockexperimental resultsenergyplus </encourage improvementelectronic labelsecbs ),dicyclohexanoic anhydridedense packingcolorless filmcolor paradisecloser proximityclimatic zones>< sub89 %)650 cm54 nmElectrochromic (EC) materials can be widely used in displays, electronic labels, and smart window. However, obtaining EC polymer materials with more stability and faster response times is still a great challenge. Based on the concept that a planar block will improve the electron transfer and a nonplanar block will decrease the dense packing, the special combination will encourage improvement of conductivity of ion and electron simultaneously. We designed and synthesized two kinds of PIs (PI-DH and PI-DP) condensed from dicyclohexanoic anhydride and triarylamine–fluorene–triarylamine (TAA–FL–TAA) diamine, withdihexyl and diphenyl as FL-based modification groups, respectively. The colorless film of PI-DH exhibits cycling stability exceeding 2000 cycles, rapid coloring time (<i>t</i><sub>c</sub>) and bleaching time (<i>t</i><sub>b</sub>) (0.4 s/1.5 s), high optical contrast (89%) and exceptional coloration efficiency (650 cm<sup>2</sup> C<sup>–1</sup>). Compared to the rigid benzene ring side groups of PI-DP, the flexible alkyl side chains of PI-DH form more loose polymer films that facilitate the entry and exit of ions while placing the redox centers in closer proximity to each other for more efficient electron hopping, which improves the overall electrochemical and electrochromic properties. Furthermore, we fabricated and tested three types of devices in a real scenario: visual signaling ECD (VSECD), EC intelligent blinds (ECBs), and sensor for explosive. Especially, the experimental results and simulations by <i>EnergyPlus</i> have shown that the ECB based on PI-DH (ECB-PI) achieves average energy savings of more than 16% compared to conventional double glazing in most climatic zones of the world, which providing design strategy for achieving global carbon neutrality and sustainability. In addition, PI-DH and PI-DP show PL sensitive to TNP with LOD = 24 and 54 nM, respectively, exhibiting great potential in environmental hazard tests.2025-10-31T10:04:53ZDatasetMediainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiondataset10.1021/acsami.5c15945.s001https://figshare.com/articles/media/Seeking_Dual_Channels_for_Conducting_in_Color_Paradise_Optimizing_Electron_Hopping_and_Ion_Diffusion_in_Polyimides_Films_to_Contribute_Better_Performance_of_Electrochromic_Devices/30499559CC BY-NC 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/304995592025-10-31T10:04:53Z
spellingShingle Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic Devices
Minghao Zhai (14444674)
Biophysics
Biochemistry
Physiology
Biotechnology
Computational Biology
Space Science
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
visual signaling ecd
tested three types
synthesized two kinds
seeking dual channels
providing design strategy
faster response times
exceptional coloration efficiency
environmental hazard tests
conventional double glazing
contribute better performance
bleaching time (<
optimizing electron hopping
loose polymer films
exhibiting great potential
efficient electron hopping
based modification groups
electrochromic devices electrochromic
2 </ sup
electrochromic properties
polyimides films
great challenge
electron transfer
electron simultaneously
widely used
special combination
smart window
redox centers
real scenario
planar block
overall electrochemical
nonplanar block
experimental results
energyplus </
encourage improvement
electronic labels
ecbs ),
dicyclohexanoic anhydride
dense packing
colorless film
color paradise
closer proximity
climatic zones
>< sub
89 %)
650 cm
54 nm
status_str publishedVersion
title Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic Devices
title_full Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic Devices
title_fullStr Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic Devices
title_full_unstemmed Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic Devices
title_short Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic Devices
title_sort Seeking Dual Channels for Conducting in Color Paradise: Optimizing Electron Hopping and Ion Diffusion in Polyimides Films to Contribute Better Performance of Electrochromic Devices
topic Biophysics
Biochemistry
Physiology
Biotechnology
Computational Biology
Space Science
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
visual signaling ecd
tested three types
synthesized two kinds
seeking dual channels
providing design strategy
faster response times
exceptional coloration efficiency
environmental hazard tests
conventional double glazing
contribute better performance
bleaching time (<
optimizing electron hopping
loose polymer films
exhibiting great potential
efficient electron hopping
based modification groups
electrochromic devices electrochromic
2 </ sup
electrochromic properties
polyimides films
great challenge
electron transfer
electron simultaneously
widely used
special combination
smart window
redox centers
real scenario
planar block
overall electrochemical
nonplanar block
experimental results
energyplus </
encourage improvement
electronic labels
ecbs ),
dicyclohexanoic anhydride
dense packing
colorless film
color paradise
closer proximity
climatic zones
>< sub
89 %)
650 cm
54 nm