Existence and stability of periodic orbits of periodic difference equations with delays
In this paper, we investigate the existence and stability of periodic orbits of the p-periodic difference equation with delays xₙ = f(n - 1, xₙ₋ₖ). We show that the periodic orbits of this equation depend on the periodic orbits of p autonomous equations when p divides k. When p is not a divisor of k...
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| Other Authors: | , |
| Format: | article |
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2008
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11073/16686 |
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| Summary: | In this paper, we investigate the existence and stability of periodic orbits of the p-periodic difference equation with delays xₙ = f(n - 1, xₙ₋ₖ). We show that the periodic orbits of this equation depend on the periodic orbits of p autonomous equations when p divides k. When p is not a divisor of k, the periodic orbits depend on the periodic orbits of gcd(p, k) nonautonomous p/gcd(p, k)-periodic difference equations. We give formulas for calculating the number of different periodic orbits under certain conditions. In addition, when p and k are relatively prime integers, we introduce what we call the pk-Sharkovsky's ordering of the positive integers, and extend Sharkovsky's theorem to periodic difference equations with delays. Finally, we characterize global stability and show that the period of a globally asymptotically stable orbit must be divisible by p. |
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