Staircase-Enhanced Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna for Wideband CP 5G Applications with High-Gain Arrays
This paper presents a compact magneto-electric dipole (MED) antenna optimized for wideband circularly polarized (CP) radiation for 5G applications. It incorporates a staircase-shaped electric dipole with trimmed corners to excite orthogonal modes for enhanced CP performance. The proposed single-laye...
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2025
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11073/33460 https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247620 |
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| _version_ | 1870676404271579136 |
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| author | Malhat, Hend |
| author2 | Zakaria, Amer Qaddoumi, Nasser |
| author2_role | author author |
| author_facet | Malhat, Hend Zakaria, Amer Qaddoumi, Nasser |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Malhat, Hend Zakaria, Amer Qaddoumi, Nasser |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-12-16 2026-06-08T10:48:18Z 2026-06-08T10:48:18Z |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | Malhat, H.; Zakaria, A.; Qaddoumi, N. Staircase-Enhanced Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna for Wideband CP 5G Applications with High-Gain Arrays. Sensors 2025, 25, 7620. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247620 1424-8220 https://hdl.handle.net/11073/33460 https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247620 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | en |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | MDPI |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247620 |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Magneto-electric dipole Circular polarization MIMO Sequential array Fifth-generation 5G |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Staircase-Enhanced Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna for Wideband CP 5G Applications with High-Gain Arrays |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Peer-Reviewed Published version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| description | This paper presents a compact magneto-electric dipole (MED) antenna optimized for wideband circularly polarized (CP) radiation for 5G applications. It incorporates a staircase-shaped electric dipole with trimmed corners to excite orthogonal modes for enhanced CP performance. The proposed single-layer MED antenna achieves a 20.6% wide-impedance bandwidth (|₁₁| <−10 dB, 22.97–28.12 GHz) and 21.9% CP bandwidth (<3 dB, 22.23–27.83 GHz) with a compact footprint of 15×15×1.6mm³. There is a symmetrical radiation pattern with a co-to-cross polarization ratio >23 dB and a stable gain of 8.8 dBi. An equivalent circuit model is optimized via particle swarm optimization (PSO). The optimized MED antenna is utilized to investigate various CP-MIMO configurations and wideband sequential arrays. Next, a 1×2 CP-MIMO antenna system is developed, employing polarization diversity in parallel and mirror configurations. Isolation is improved by etching a ground slot between the MED elements, yielding isolation levels of below −20 dB and −23 dB, respectively. Further, a 2×2 CP-MIMO configuration is designed and evaluated. This arrangement demonstrates an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 1×10‾³ and a diversity gain of approximately 10 dB across the operating bandwidth. Finally, a sequential array is designed that applies a 90∘ sequential rotation and phase excitation to MED elements for high-gain CP 5G communications. Here, various array sizes are evaluated, with an 8×8 MED array providing CP radiation (≤1 dB) from 20 to 30 GHz with enhanced impedance and axial ratio bandwidths and stable gain with a peak value of 27.47 dBi. |
| format | article |
| id | aus_2ba3e4e9b10cb9f6e8924933c75cf3b9 |
| identifier_str_mv | Malhat, H.; Zakaria, A.; Qaddoumi, N. Staircase-Enhanced Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna for Wideband CP 5G Applications with High-Gain Arrays. Sensors 2025, 25, 7620. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247620 1424-8220 |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en |
| network_acronym_str | aus |
| network_name_str | aus |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:repository.aus.edu:11073/33460 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | MDPI |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| spelling | Staircase-Enhanced Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna for Wideband CP 5G Applications with High-Gain ArraysMalhat, HendZakaria, AmerQaddoumi, NasserMagneto-electric dipoleCircular polarizationMIMOSequential arrayFifth-generation5GThis paper presents a compact magneto-electric dipole (MED) antenna optimized for wideband circularly polarized (CP) radiation for 5G applications. It incorporates a staircase-shaped electric dipole with trimmed corners to excite orthogonal modes for enhanced CP performance. The proposed single-layer MED antenna achieves a 20.6% wide-impedance bandwidth (|₁₁| <−10 dB, 22.97–28.12 GHz) and 21.9% CP bandwidth (<3 dB, 22.23–27.83 GHz) with a compact footprint of 15×15×1.6mm³. There is a symmetrical radiation pattern with a co-to-cross polarization ratio >23 dB and a stable gain of 8.8 dBi. An equivalent circuit model is optimized via particle swarm optimization (PSO). The optimized MED antenna is utilized to investigate various CP-MIMO configurations and wideband sequential arrays. Next, a 1×2 CP-MIMO antenna system is developed, employing polarization diversity in parallel and mirror configurations. Isolation is improved by etching a ground slot between the MED elements, yielding isolation levels of below −20 dB and −23 dB, respectively. Further, a 2×2 CP-MIMO configuration is designed and evaluated. This arrangement demonstrates an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 1×10‾³ and a diversity gain of approximately 10 dB across the operating bandwidth. Finally, a sequential array is designed that applies a 90∘ sequential rotation and phase excitation to MED elements for high-gain CP 5G communications. Here, various array sizes are evaluated, with an 8×8 MED array providing CP radiation (≤1 dB) from 20 to 30 GHz with enhanced impedance and axial ratio bandwidths and stable gain with a peak value of 27.47 dBi.American University of SharjahMDPI2026-06-08T10:48:18Z2026-06-08T10:48:18Z2025-12-16Peer-ReviewedPublished versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfMalhat, H.; Zakaria, A.; Qaddoumi, N. Staircase-Enhanced Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna for Wideband CP 5G Applications with High-Gain Arrays. Sensors 2025, 25, 7620. https://doi.org/10.3390/s252476201424-8220https://hdl.handle.net/11073/33460https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247620enhttps://doi.org/10.3390/s25247620oai:repository.aus.edu:11073/334602026-06-09T05:43:22Z |
| spellingShingle | Staircase-Enhanced Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna for Wideband CP 5G Applications with High-Gain Arrays Malhat, Hend Magneto-electric dipole Circular polarization MIMO Sequential array Fifth-generation 5G |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Staircase-Enhanced Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna for Wideband CP 5G Applications with High-Gain Arrays |
| title_full | Staircase-Enhanced Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna for Wideband CP 5G Applications with High-Gain Arrays |
| title_fullStr | Staircase-Enhanced Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna for Wideband CP 5G Applications with High-Gain Arrays |
| title_full_unstemmed | Staircase-Enhanced Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna for Wideband CP 5G Applications with High-Gain Arrays |
| title_short | Staircase-Enhanced Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna for Wideband CP 5G Applications with High-Gain Arrays |
| title_sort | Staircase-Enhanced Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna for Wideband CP 5G Applications with High-Gain Arrays |
| topic | Magneto-electric dipole Circular polarization MIMO Sequential array Fifth-generation 5G |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/11073/33460 https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247620 |