Role of Active Morphing in the Aerodynamic Performance of Flapping Wings in Formation Flight
Migratory birds have the ability to save energy during flight by arranging themselves in a V-formation. This arrangement enables an increase in the overall efficiency of the group because the wake vortices shed by each of the birds provide additional lift and thrust to every member. Therefore, the a...
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| مؤلفون آخرون: | , , |
| التنسيق: | article |
| منشور في: |
2021
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| الموضوعات: | |
| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | http://hdl.handle.net/11073/23912 |
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| _version_ | 1864513433375866880 |
|---|---|
| author | Billingsley, Ethan |
| author2 | Ghommem, Mehdi Vasconcellos, Rui Abdelkefi, Abdessattar |
| author2_role | author author author |
| author_facet | Billingsley, Ethan Ghommem, Mehdi Vasconcellos, Rui Abdelkefi, Abdessattar |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Billingsley, Ethan Ghommem, Mehdi Vasconcellos, Rui Abdelkefi, Abdessattar |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2021 2022-06-07T06:40:17Z 2022-06-07T06:40:17Z |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | Billingsley, E.; Ghommem, M.; Vasconcellos, R.; Abdelkefi, A. Role of Active Morphing in the Aerodynamic Performance of Flapping Wings in Formation Flight. Drones 2021, 5, 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones5030090. [Comment: This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerodynamics, Stability, Guidance, Navigation and Control of Micro-Air Vehicles: Recent Advances and Challenges] 2504-446X http://hdl.handle.net/11073/23912 10.3390/drones5030090 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | en_US |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | MDPI |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://doi.org/10.3390/drones5030090 |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Flapping wings Formation flight Active morphing Aerodynamic performance V-shape arrangement |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Role of Active Morphing in the Aerodynamic Performance of Flapping Wings in Formation Flight |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Peer-Reviewed Published version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| description | Migratory birds have the ability to save energy during flight by arranging themselves in a V-formation. This arrangement enables an increase in the overall efficiency of the group because the wake vortices shed by each of the birds provide additional lift and thrust to every member. Therefore, the aerodynamic advantages of such a flight arrangement can be exploited in the design process of micro air vehicles. One significant difference when comparing the anatomy of birds to the design of most micro air vehicles is that bird wings are not completely rigid. Birds have the ability to actively morph their wings during the flapping cycle. Given these aspects of avian flight, the objective of this work is to incorporate active bending and torsion into multiple pairs of flapping wings arranged in a V-formation and to investigate their aerodynamic behavior using the unsteady vortex lattice method. To do so, the first two bending and torsional mode shapes of a cantilever beam are considered and the aerodynamic characteristics of morphed wings for a range of V-formation angles, while changing the group size in order to determine the optimal configuration that results in maximum propulsive efficiency, are examined. The aerodynamic simulator incorporating the prescribed morphing is qualitatively verified using experimental data taken from trained kestrel flights. The simulation results demonstrate that coupled bending and twisting of the first mode shape yields the highest propulsive efficiency over a range of formation angles. Furthermore, the optimal configuration in terms of propulsive efficiency is found to be a five-body V-formation incorporating coupled bending and twisting of the first mode at a formation angle of 140 degrees. These results indicate the potential improvement in the aerodynamic performance of the formation flight when introducing active morphing and bioinspiration. |
| format | article |
| id | aus_ad262944bbebba3e43454e88ca1fb9d0 |
| identifier_str_mv | Billingsley, E.; Ghommem, M.; Vasconcellos, R.; Abdelkefi, A. Role of Active Morphing in the Aerodynamic Performance of Flapping Wings in Formation Flight. Drones 2021, 5, 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones5030090. [Comment: This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerodynamics, Stability, Guidance, Navigation and Control of Micro-Air Vehicles: Recent Advances and Challenges] 2504-446X 10.3390/drones5030090 |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en_US |
| network_acronym_str | aus |
| network_name_str | aus |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:repository.aus.edu:11073/23912 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | MDPI |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| spelling | Role of Active Morphing in the Aerodynamic Performance of Flapping Wings in Formation FlightBillingsley, EthanGhommem, MehdiVasconcellos, RuiAbdelkefi, AbdessattarFlapping wingsFormation flightActive morphingAerodynamic performanceV-shape arrangementMigratory birds have the ability to save energy during flight by arranging themselves in a V-formation. This arrangement enables an increase in the overall efficiency of the group because the wake vortices shed by each of the birds provide additional lift and thrust to every member. Therefore, the aerodynamic advantages of such a flight arrangement can be exploited in the design process of micro air vehicles. One significant difference when comparing the anatomy of birds to the design of most micro air vehicles is that bird wings are not completely rigid. Birds have the ability to actively morph their wings during the flapping cycle. Given these aspects of avian flight, the objective of this work is to incorporate active bending and torsion into multiple pairs of flapping wings arranged in a V-formation and to investigate their aerodynamic behavior using the unsteady vortex lattice method. To do so, the first two bending and torsional mode shapes of a cantilever beam are considered and the aerodynamic characteristics of morphed wings for a range of V-formation angles, while changing the group size in order to determine the optimal configuration that results in maximum propulsive efficiency, are examined. The aerodynamic simulator incorporating the prescribed morphing is qualitatively verified using experimental data taken from trained kestrel flights. The simulation results demonstrate that coupled bending and twisting of the first mode shape yields the highest propulsive efficiency over a range of formation angles. Furthermore, the optimal configuration in terms of propulsive efficiency is found to be a five-body V-formation incorporating coupled bending and twisting of the first mode at a formation angle of 140 degrees. These results indicate the potential improvement in the aerodynamic performance of the formation flight when introducing active morphing and bioinspiration.Brazilian agency CAPESMDPI2022-06-07T06:40:17Z2022-06-07T06:40:17Z2021Peer-ReviewedPublished versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfBillingsley, E.; Ghommem, M.; Vasconcellos, R.; Abdelkefi, A. Role of Active Morphing in the Aerodynamic Performance of Flapping Wings in Formation Flight. Drones 2021, 5, 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones5030090. [Comment: This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerodynamics, Stability, Guidance, Navigation and Control of Micro-Air Vehicles: Recent Advances and Challenges]2504-446Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/11073/2391210.3390/drones5030090en_UShttps://doi.org/10.3390/drones5030090oai:repository.aus.edu:11073/239122024-08-22T12:09:09Z |
| spellingShingle | Role of Active Morphing in the Aerodynamic Performance of Flapping Wings in Formation Flight Billingsley, Ethan Flapping wings Formation flight Active morphing Aerodynamic performance V-shape arrangement |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Role of Active Morphing in the Aerodynamic Performance of Flapping Wings in Formation Flight |
| title_full | Role of Active Morphing in the Aerodynamic Performance of Flapping Wings in Formation Flight |
| title_fullStr | Role of Active Morphing in the Aerodynamic Performance of Flapping Wings in Formation Flight |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Active Morphing in the Aerodynamic Performance of Flapping Wings in Formation Flight |
| title_short | Role of Active Morphing in the Aerodynamic Performance of Flapping Wings in Formation Flight |
| title_sort | Role of Active Morphing in the Aerodynamic Performance of Flapping Wings in Formation Flight |
| topic | Flapping wings Formation flight Active morphing Aerodynamic performance V-shape arrangement |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/11073/23912 |