Efficient Extraction of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Phosphine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents with Carboxylic Acid
Methylene blue (MB), an organic thiazine dye, has numerous industrial and medical applications. However, MB is a wastewater contaminant that is harmful to humans and aquatic life. Hence, its removal from water bodies is essential. In this work, five novel deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesiz...
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2022
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11073/32586 |
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| _version_ | 1864513433523716096 |
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| author | Hassan, Muhammad Faheem |
| author2 | Khan, Amir Sada Akbar, Noor Ibrahim, Taleb Hassan Khamis, Mustafa I. Jumean, Fawwaz H. Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah Khan, Naveed Ahmed Yasir, Nihal |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Hassan, Muhammad Faheem Khan, Amir Sada Akbar, Noor Ibrahim, Taleb Hassan Khamis, Mustafa I. Jumean, Fawwaz H. Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah Khan, Naveed Ahmed Yasir, Nihal |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Hassan, Muhammad Faheem Khan, Amir Sada Akbar, Noor Ibrahim, Taleb Hassan Khamis, Mustafa I. Jumean, Fawwaz H. Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah Khan, Naveed Ahmed Yasir, Nihal |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2022-10-21 2026-01-14T10:40:05Z 2026-01-14T10:40:05Z |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | Hassan, M. F., Khan, A. S., Akbar, N., Ibrahim, T. H., Khamis, M. I., Jumean, F. H., Siddiqui, R., Khan, N. A., & Yasir, N. (2022). Efficient Extraction of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Phosphine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents with Carboxylic Acid. Processes, 10(10), 2152. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10102152 2227-9717 https://hdl.handle.net/11073/32586 10.3390/pr10102152 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | en |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | MDPI |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10102152 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Wastewater Methyl Orange Deep Eutectic Solvent Ionic Liquid Extraction Efficiency |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Efficient Extraction of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Phosphine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents with Carboxylic Acid |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Peer-Reviewed Published version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| description | Methylene blue (MB), an organic thiazine dye, has numerous industrial and medical applications. However, MB is a wastewater contaminant that is harmful to humans and aquatic life. Hence, its removal from water bodies is essential. In this work, five novel deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized using different precursors, screened, and studied for the extraction of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution using liquid–liquid extraction. The first, TOP-SA, was synthesized using trioctylphosphine (TOP) as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and 2-hydroxy benzoic acid as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD). Among these, TOP-SA had the highest MB removal efficiency. The effects of pH, contact time, initial MB concentration, volumetric ratio, temperature, and ionic strength were studied and optimized. A 99.3% removal was achieved in 5 min for a 200 mg dm−3 MB solution mixed in a 1:10 ratio with TOP-SA at 25.0 °C. The structural properties of TOP-SA and its interactions with MB were investigated using FTIR. TOP-SA’s toxicity was investigated using human cells in vitro. TOP-SA was found to be comparatively less toxic and is a more efficient MB remover than other literature reported ionic liquids (ILs). |
| format | article |
| id | aus_d62e9788f936fb4c307fcb5a9c457409 |
| identifier_str_mv | Hassan, M. F., Khan, A. S., Akbar, N., Ibrahim, T. H., Khamis, M. I., Jumean, F. H., Siddiqui, R., Khan, N. A., & Yasir, N. (2022). Efficient Extraction of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Phosphine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents with Carboxylic Acid. Processes, 10(10), 2152. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10102152 2227-9717 10.3390/pr10102152 |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en |
| network_acronym_str | aus |
| network_name_str | aus |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:repository.aus.edu:11073/32586 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | MDPI |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| spelling | Efficient Extraction of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Phosphine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents with Carboxylic AcidHassan, Muhammad FaheemKhan, Amir SadaAkbar, NoorIbrahim, Taleb Hassan Khamis, Mustafa I.Jumean, Fawwaz H.Siddiqui, RuqaiyyahKhan, Naveed AhmedYasir, NihalWastewaterMethyl OrangeDeep Eutectic SolventIonic LiquidExtraction EfficiencyMethylene blue (MB), an organic thiazine dye, has numerous industrial and medical applications. However, MB is a wastewater contaminant that is harmful to humans and aquatic life. Hence, its removal from water bodies is essential. In this work, five novel deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized using different precursors, screened, and studied for the extraction of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution using liquid–liquid extraction. The first, TOP-SA, was synthesized using trioctylphosphine (TOP) as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and 2-hydroxy benzoic acid as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD). Among these, TOP-SA had the highest MB removal efficiency. The effects of pH, contact time, initial MB concentration, volumetric ratio, temperature, and ionic strength were studied and optimized. A 99.3% removal was achieved in 5 min for a 200 mg dm−3 MB solution mixed in a 1:10 ratio with TOP-SA at 25.0 °C. The structural properties of TOP-SA and its interactions with MB were investigated using FTIR. TOP-SA’s toxicity was investigated using human cells in vitro. TOP-SA was found to be comparatively less toxic and is a more efficient MB remover than other literature reported ionic liquids (ILs).American University of SharjahMDPI2026-01-14T10:40:05Z2026-01-14T10:40:05Z2022-10-21Peer-ReviewedPublished versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfHassan, M. F., Khan, A. S., Akbar, N., Ibrahim, T. H., Khamis, M. I., Jumean, F. H., Siddiqui, R., Khan, N. A., & Yasir, N. (2022). Efficient Extraction of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Phosphine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents with Carboxylic Acid. Processes, 10(10), 2152. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr101021522227-9717https://hdl.handle.net/11073/3258610.3390/pr10102152enhttps://doi.org/10.3390/pr10102152Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/oai:repository.aus.edu:11073/325862026-01-15T04:34:22Z |
| spellingShingle | Efficient Extraction of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Phosphine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents with Carboxylic Acid Hassan, Muhammad Faheem Wastewater Methyl Orange Deep Eutectic Solvent Ionic Liquid Extraction Efficiency |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Efficient Extraction of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Phosphine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents with Carboxylic Acid |
| title_full | Efficient Extraction of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Phosphine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents with Carboxylic Acid |
| title_fullStr | Efficient Extraction of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Phosphine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents with Carboxylic Acid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficient Extraction of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Phosphine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents with Carboxylic Acid |
| title_short | Efficient Extraction of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Phosphine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents with Carboxylic Acid |
| title_sort | Efficient Extraction of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Phosphine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents with Carboxylic Acid |
| topic | Wastewater Methyl Orange Deep Eutectic Solvent Ionic Liquid Extraction Efficiency |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/11073/32586 |