Monitoring Bone Density Using Microwave Tomography of Human Legs: A Numerical Feasibility Study
A major cause of bone mass loss worldwide is osteoporosis. X-ray is considered to be the gold-standard technique to diagnose this disease. However, there is currently a need for an alternative modality due to the ionizing radiations used in X-rays. In this vein, we conducted a numerical study herein...
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2021
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11073/21572 |
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| _version_ | 1864513443385573376 |
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| author | Alkhodari, Mohanad Ahmed |
| author2 | Zakaria, Amer Qaddoumi, Nasser |
| author2_role | author author |
| author_facet | Alkhodari, Mohanad Ahmed Zakaria, Amer Qaddoumi, Nasser |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Alkhodari, Mohanad Ahmed Zakaria, Amer Qaddoumi, Nasser |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2021-11-02T09:10:18Z 2021-11-02T09:10:18Z 2021-10-26 |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | M. Alkhodari, A. Zakaria, and N. Qaddoumi, “Monitoring Bone Density Using Microwave Tomography of Human Legs: A Numerical Feasibility Study,” Sensors, vol. 21, no. 21, p. 7078, Oct. 2021. 1424-8220 http://hdl.handle.net/11073/21572 10.3390/s21217078 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | en_US |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | MDPI |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217078 |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Microwave tomography Two-dimensional imaging Electromagnetic signals Finite-element method Contrast-source inversion Bone imaging Bone density Bone volume fraction |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Monitoring Bone Density Using Microwave Tomography of Human Legs: A Numerical Feasibility Study |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Peer-Reviewed Published version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| description | A major cause of bone mass loss worldwide is osteoporosis. X-ray is considered to be the gold-standard technique to diagnose this disease. However, there is currently a need for an alternative modality due to the ionizing radiations used in X-rays. In this vein, we conducted a numerical study herein to investigate the feasibility of using microwave tomography (MWT) to detect bone density variations that are correlated to variations in the complex relative permittivity within the reconstructed images. This study was performed using an in-house finite-element method contrast source inversion algorithm (FEM-CSI). Three anatomically-realistic human leg models based on magnetic resonance imaging reconstructions were created. Each model represents a leg with a distinct fat layer thickness; thus, the three models are for legs with thin, medium, and thick fat layers. In addition to using conventional matching media in the numerical study, the use of commercially available and cheap ultrasound gel was evaluated prior to bone image analysis. The inversion algorithm successfully localized bones in the thin and medium fat scenarios. In addition, bone volume variations were found to be inversely proportional to their relative permittivity in the reconstructed images with the root mean square error as low as 2.54. The observations found in this study suggest MWT as a promising bone imaging modality owing to its safe and non-ionizing radiations used in imaging objects with high quality |
| format | article |
| id | aus_daf559f25f5583a17bd9228f784aa079 |
| identifier_str_mv | M. Alkhodari, A. Zakaria, and N. Qaddoumi, “Monitoring Bone Density Using Microwave Tomography of Human Legs: A Numerical Feasibility Study,” Sensors, vol. 21, no. 21, p. 7078, Oct. 2021. 1424-8220 10.3390/s21217078 |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en_US |
| network_acronym_str | aus |
| network_name_str | aus |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:repository.aus.edu:11073/21572 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | MDPI |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| spelling | Monitoring Bone Density Using Microwave Tomography of Human Legs: A Numerical Feasibility StudyAlkhodari, Mohanad AhmedZakaria, AmerQaddoumi, NasserMicrowave tomographyTwo-dimensional imagingElectromagnetic signalsFinite-element methodContrast-source inversionBone imagingBone densityBone volume fractionA major cause of bone mass loss worldwide is osteoporosis. X-ray is considered to be the gold-standard technique to diagnose this disease. However, there is currently a need for an alternative modality due to the ionizing radiations used in X-rays. In this vein, we conducted a numerical study herein to investigate the feasibility of using microwave tomography (MWT) to detect bone density variations that are correlated to variations in the complex relative permittivity within the reconstructed images. This study was performed using an in-house finite-element method contrast source inversion algorithm (FEM-CSI). Three anatomically-realistic human leg models based on magnetic resonance imaging reconstructions were created. Each model represents a leg with a distinct fat layer thickness; thus, the three models are for legs with thin, medium, and thick fat layers. In addition to using conventional matching media in the numerical study, the use of commercially available and cheap ultrasound gel was evaluated prior to bone image analysis. The inversion algorithm successfully localized bones in the thin and medium fat scenarios. In addition, bone volume variations were found to be inversely proportional to their relative permittivity in the reconstructed images with the root mean square error as low as 2.54. The observations found in this study suggest MWT as a promising bone imaging modality owing to its safe and non-ionizing radiations used in imaging objects with high qualityAmerican University of SharjahMDPI2021-11-02T09:10:18Z2021-11-02T09:10:18Z2021-10-26Peer-ReviewedPublished versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfM. Alkhodari, A. Zakaria, and N. Qaddoumi, “Monitoring Bone Density Using Microwave Tomography of Human Legs: A Numerical Feasibility Study,” Sensors, vol. 21, no. 21, p. 7078, Oct. 2021.1424-8220http://hdl.handle.net/11073/2157210.3390/s21217078en_UShttps://doi.org/10.3390/s21217078oai:repository.aus.edu:11073/215722024-08-22T12:08:38Z |
| spellingShingle | Monitoring Bone Density Using Microwave Tomography of Human Legs: A Numerical Feasibility Study Alkhodari, Mohanad Ahmed Microwave tomography Two-dimensional imaging Electromagnetic signals Finite-element method Contrast-source inversion Bone imaging Bone density Bone volume fraction |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Monitoring Bone Density Using Microwave Tomography of Human Legs: A Numerical Feasibility Study |
| title_full | Monitoring Bone Density Using Microwave Tomography of Human Legs: A Numerical Feasibility Study |
| title_fullStr | Monitoring Bone Density Using Microwave Tomography of Human Legs: A Numerical Feasibility Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monitoring Bone Density Using Microwave Tomography of Human Legs: A Numerical Feasibility Study |
| title_short | Monitoring Bone Density Using Microwave Tomography of Human Legs: A Numerical Feasibility Study |
| title_sort | Monitoring Bone Density Using Microwave Tomography of Human Legs: A Numerical Feasibility Study |
| topic | Microwave tomography Two-dimensional imaging Electromagnetic signals Finite-element method Contrast-source inversion Bone imaging Bone density Bone volume fraction |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/11073/21572 |