Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration
Enhancing the quality of video coding whilst maintaining compliance with the syntax of video coding standards is challenging. In the literature, many solutions have been proposed that apply mainly to two-pass encoding, bitrate control algorithms, and enhancements of locally decoded images in the mot...
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2025
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11073/26017 |
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| author | Shanableh, Tamer |
| author_facet | Shanableh, Tamer |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Shanableh, Tamer |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-04-16T05:57:18Z 2025-04-16T05:57:18Z 2025-04 |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | Shanableh, T. Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration. Symmetry 2025, 17, 598. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040598 2073-8994 https://hdl.handle.net/11073/26017 10.3390/sym17040598 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | en_US |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | MDPI |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040598 |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Coding theory Video coding Image processing Matrix algorithms |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Peer-Reviewed Published version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| description | Enhancing the quality of video coding whilst maintaining compliance with the syntax of video coding standards is challenging. In the literature, many solutions have been proposed that apply mainly to two-pass encoding, bitrate control algorithms, and enhancements of locally decoded images in the motion-compensation loop. This work proposes a pre- and post-coding solution using the content-symmetrical multidimensional transpose of raw video sequences. The content-symmetrical multidimensional transpose results in images composed of slices of the temporal domain whilst preserving the video content. Such slices have higher spatial homogeneity at the expense of reducing the temporal resemblance. As such, an all-intra configuration is an excellent choice for compressing such images. Prior to displaying the decoded images, a content-symmetrical multidimensional transpose is applied again to restore the original form of the input images. Moreover, we propose a lightweight two-pass encoding solution in which we apply systematic temporal subsampling on the multidimensional transposed image sequences prior to the first-pass encoding. This noticeably reduces the complexity of the encoding process of the first pass and gives an indication as to whether or not the proposed solution is suitable for the video sequence at hand. Using the HEVC video codec, the experimental results revealed that the proposed solution results in a lower percentage of coding unit splits in comparison to regular HEVC coding without the multidimensional transpose of image sequences. This finding supports the claim of there being increasing spatial coherence as a result of the proposed solution. Additionally, using four quantization parameters, and in comparison to regular HEVC encoding, the resulting BD rate is −15.12%, which indicates a noticeable bitrate reduction. The BD-PSNR, on the other hand, was 1.62 dB, indicating an enhancement in the quality of the decoded images. Despite all of these benefits, the proposed solution has limitations, which are also discussed in the paper. |
| format | article |
| id | aus_e5427339e8875e10f52f5f5985126f91 |
| identifier_str_mv | Shanableh, T. Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration. Symmetry 2025, 17, 598. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040598 2073-8994 10.3390/sym17040598 |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en_US |
| network_acronym_str | aus |
| network_name_str | aus |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:repository.aus.edu:11073/26017 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | MDPI |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| spelling | Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra ConfigurationShanableh, TamerCoding theoryVideo codingImage processingMatrix algorithmsEnhancing the quality of video coding whilst maintaining compliance with the syntax of video coding standards is challenging. In the literature, many solutions have been proposed that apply mainly to two-pass encoding, bitrate control algorithms, and enhancements of locally decoded images in the motion-compensation loop. This work proposes a pre- and post-coding solution using the content-symmetrical multidimensional transpose of raw video sequences. The content-symmetrical multidimensional transpose results in images composed of slices of the temporal domain whilst preserving the video content. Such slices have higher spatial homogeneity at the expense of reducing the temporal resemblance. As such, an all-intra configuration is an excellent choice for compressing such images. Prior to displaying the decoded images, a content-symmetrical multidimensional transpose is applied again to restore the original form of the input images. Moreover, we propose a lightweight two-pass encoding solution in which we apply systematic temporal subsampling on the multidimensional transposed image sequences prior to the first-pass encoding. This noticeably reduces the complexity of the encoding process of the first pass and gives an indication as to whether or not the proposed solution is suitable for the video sequence at hand. Using the HEVC video codec, the experimental results revealed that the proposed solution results in a lower percentage of coding unit splits in comparison to regular HEVC coding without the multidimensional transpose of image sequences. This finding supports the claim of there being increasing spatial coherence as a result of the proposed solution. Additionally, using four quantization parameters, and in comparison to regular HEVC encoding, the resulting BD rate is −15.12%, which indicates a noticeable bitrate reduction. The BD-PSNR, on the other hand, was 1.62 dB, indicating an enhancement in the quality of the decoded images. Despite all of these benefits, the proposed solution has limitations, which are also discussed in the paper.American University of SharjahCollege of EngineeringDepartment of Computer Science and EngineeringMDPI2025-04-16T05:57:18Z2025-04-16T05:57:18Z2025-04Peer-ReviewedPublished versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfShanableh, T. Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration. Symmetry 2025, 17, 598. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym170405982073-8994https://hdl.handle.net/11073/2601710.3390/sym17040598en_UShttps://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040598oai:repository.aus.edu:11073/260172025-04-17T17:23:28Z |
| spellingShingle | Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration Shanableh, Tamer Coding theory Video coding Image processing Matrix algorithms |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration |
| title_full | Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration |
| title_fullStr | Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration |
| title_short | Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration |
| title_sort | Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration |
| topic | Coding theory Video coding Image processing Matrix algorithms |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/11073/26017 |