Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration

Enhancing the quality of video coding whilst maintaining compliance with the syntax of video coding standards is challenging. In the literature, many solutions have been proposed that apply mainly to two-pass encoding, bitrate control algorithms, and enhancements of locally decoded images in the mot...

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Main Author: Shanableh, Tamer (author)
Format: article
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/11073/26017
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author Shanableh, Tamer
author_facet Shanableh, Tamer
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Shanableh, Tamer
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-04-16T05:57:18Z
2025-04-16T05:57:18Z
2025-04
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv Shanableh, T. Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration. Symmetry 2025, 17, 598. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040598
2073-8994
https://hdl.handle.net/11073/26017
10.3390/sym17040598
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv en_US
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040598
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Coding theory
Video coding
Image processing
Matrix algorithms
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Peer-Reviewed
Published version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
description Enhancing the quality of video coding whilst maintaining compliance with the syntax of video coding standards is challenging. In the literature, many solutions have been proposed that apply mainly to two-pass encoding, bitrate control algorithms, and enhancements of locally decoded images in the motion-compensation loop. This work proposes a pre- and post-coding solution using the content-symmetrical multidimensional transpose of raw video sequences. The content-symmetrical multidimensional transpose results in images composed of slices of the temporal domain whilst preserving the video content. Such slices have higher spatial homogeneity at the expense of reducing the temporal resemblance. As such, an all-intra configuration is an excellent choice for compressing such images. Prior to displaying the decoded images, a content-symmetrical multidimensional transpose is applied again to restore the original form of the input images. Moreover, we propose a lightweight two-pass encoding solution in which we apply systematic temporal subsampling on the multidimensional transposed image sequences prior to the first-pass encoding. This noticeably reduces the complexity of the encoding process of the first pass and gives an indication as to whether or not the proposed solution is suitable for the video sequence at hand. Using the HEVC video codec, the experimental results revealed that the proposed solution results in a lower percentage of coding unit splits in comparison to regular HEVC coding without the multidimensional transpose of image sequences. This finding supports the claim of there being increasing spatial coherence as a result of the proposed solution. Additionally, using four quantization parameters, and in comparison to regular HEVC encoding, the resulting BD rate is −15.12%, which indicates a noticeable bitrate reduction. The BD-PSNR, on the other hand, was 1.62 dB, indicating an enhancement in the quality of the decoded images. Despite all of these benefits, the proposed solution has limitations, which are also discussed in the paper.
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identifier_str_mv Shanableh, T. Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration. Symmetry 2025, 17, 598. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040598
2073-8994
10.3390/sym17040598
language_invalid_str_mv en_US
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oai_identifier_str oai:repository.aus.edu:11073/26017
publishDate 2025
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spelling Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra ConfigurationShanableh, TamerCoding theoryVideo codingImage processingMatrix algorithmsEnhancing the quality of video coding whilst maintaining compliance with the syntax of video coding standards is challenging. In the literature, many solutions have been proposed that apply mainly to two-pass encoding, bitrate control algorithms, and enhancements of locally decoded images in the motion-compensation loop. This work proposes a pre- and post-coding solution using the content-symmetrical multidimensional transpose of raw video sequences. The content-symmetrical multidimensional transpose results in images composed of slices of the temporal domain whilst preserving the video content. Such slices have higher spatial homogeneity at the expense of reducing the temporal resemblance. As such, an all-intra configuration is an excellent choice for compressing such images. Prior to displaying the decoded images, a content-symmetrical multidimensional transpose is applied again to restore the original form of the input images. Moreover, we propose a lightweight two-pass encoding solution in which we apply systematic temporal subsampling on the multidimensional transposed image sequences prior to the first-pass encoding. This noticeably reduces the complexity of the encoding process of the first pass and gives an indication as to whether or not the proposed solution is suitable for the video sequence at hand. Using the HEVC video codec, the experimental results revealed that the proposed solution results in a lower percentage of coding unit splits in comparison to regular HEVC coding without the multidimensional transpose of image sequences. This finding supports the claim of there being increasing spatial coherence as a result of the proposed solution. Additionally, using four quantization parameters, and in comparison to regular HEVC encoding, the resulting BD rate is −15.12%, which indicates a noticeable bitrate reduction. The BD-PSNR, on the other hand, was 1.62 dB, indicating an enhancement in the quality of the decoded images. Despite all of these benefits, the proposed solution has limitations, which are also discussed in the paper.American University of SharjahCollege of EngineeringDepartment of Computer Science and EngineeringMDPI2025-04-16T05:57:18Z2025-04-16T05:57:18Z2025-04Peer-ReviewedPublished versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfShanableh, T. Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration. Symmetry 2025, 17, 598. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym170405982073-8994https://hdl.handle.net/11073/2601710.3390/sym17040598en_UShttps://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040598oai:repository.aus.edu:11073/260172025-04-17T17:23:28Z
spellingShingle Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration
Shanableh, Tamer
Coding theory
Video coding
Image processing
Matrix algorithms
status_str publishedVersion
title Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration
title_full Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration
title_fullStr Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration
title_full_unstemmed Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration
title_short Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration
title_sort Content-Symmetrical Multidimensional Transpose of Image Sequences for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) All-Intra Configuration
topic Coding theory
Video coding
Image processing
Matrix algorithms
url https://hdl.handle.net/11073/26017