Force Majeure vs. Hardship: A Comparative Analysis of Their Application in Construction Contracts in the UAE and the UK

The nature of construction contracts in the UK and the UAE makes the legal principles of force majeure and hardship vital in risk management and achieving a contractual balance in unforeseen circumstances. This dissertation explores how force majeure and hardship affect the legitimacy of contracts u...

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محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: ABUOBAIDA, MOHAMED FAWZI AHMED (author)
منشور في: 2025
الموضوعات:
الوصول للمادة أونلاين:https://bspace.buid.ac.ae/handle/1234/3239
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author ABUOBAIDA, MOHAMED FAWZI AHMED
author_facet ABUOBAIDA, MOHAMED FAWZI AHMED
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Dr Lienen Christina
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv ABUOBAIDA, MOHAMED FAWZI AHMED
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-08-11T10:12:48Z
2025-06
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 23000370
https://bspace.buid.ac.ae/handle/1234/3239
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv en
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv The British University in Dubai (BUiD)
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv force majeure
hardship
construction contracts
UAE law
UK law
contractual risk
legal interpretation
frustration doctrine
FIDIC
cross-border projects
dispute resolution
contract enforcement
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Force Majeure vs. Hardship: A Comparative Analysis of Their Application in Construction Contracts in the UAE and the UK
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Dissertation
description The nature of construction contracts in the UK and the UAE makes the legal principles of force majeure and hardship vital in risk management and achieving a contractual balance in unforeseen circumstances. This dissertation explores how force majeure and hardship affect the legitimacy of contracts under both national and international law. The purpose of this work is to examine the effect of force majeure and hardship rules in the UAE and the UK, in order to better inform the design and meaning of clauses in construction contracts. The basic aim of the research is to analyse the impact of these terms on construction projects in the context of specific situations, such as natural disasters, pandemics, armed conflicts, regulatory changes, and economic disruptions, and to enhance the development of better force majeure and hardship clauses for lawyers, construction companies, and governmental agents for domestic and international contracts. The comparative legal methodology systematically compares various legal systems and how they deal with the same legal concepts, in this case, the force majeure and hardship within construction contracts. Findings suggest that the UAE uses codified laws to cover force majeure and hardship, depending on a judge’s choice, but the UK looks only to written terms in contracts and focuses narrowly on frustration, without recognising hardship at all. Such variations impact the probability of international contracts and the resolution of disputes. To protect the interest of the parties and make such complicated cross-border construction projects enforceable, clear, jurisdiction-specific drafting is required.
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network_name_str The British University in Dubai repository
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publishDate 2025
publisher.none.fl_str_mv The British University in Dubai (BUiD)
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spelling Force Majeure vs. Hardship: A Comparative Analysis of Their Application in Construction Contracts in the UAE and the UKABUOBAIDA, MOHAMED FAWZI AHMEDforce majeurehardshipconstruction contractsUAE lawUK lawcontractual risklegal interpretationfrustration doctrineFIDICcross-border projectsdispute resolutioncontract enforcementThe nature of construction contracts in the UK and the UAE makes the legal principles of force majeure and hardship vital in risk management and achieving a contractual balance in unforeseen circumstances. This dissertation explores how force majeure and hardship affect the legitimacy of contracts under both national and international law. The purpose of this work is to examine the effect of force majeure and hardship rules in the UAE and the UK, in order to better inform the design and meaning of clauses in construction contracts. The basic aim of the research is to analyse the impact of these terms on construction projects in the context of specific situations, such as natural disasters, pandemics, armed conflicts, regulatory changes, and economic disruptions, and to enhance the development of better force majeure and hardship clauses for lawyers, construction companies, and governmental agents for domestic and international contracts. The comparative legal methodology systematically compares various legal systems and how they deal with the same legal concepts, in this case, the force majeure and hardship within construction contracts. Findings suggest that the UAE uses codified laws to cover force majeure and hardship, depending on a judge’s choice, but the UK looks only to written terms in contracts and focuses narrowly on frustration, without recognising hardship at all. Such variations impact the probability of international contracts and the resolution of disputes. To protect the interest of the parties and make such complicated cross-border construction projects enforceable, clear, jurisdiction-specific drafting is required.The British University in Dubai (BUiD)Dr Lienen Christina2025-08-11T10:12:48Z2025-06Dissertationapplication/pdf23000370https://bspace.buid.ac.ae/handle/1234/3239enoai:bspace.buid.ac.ae:1234/32392025-08-11T10:13:11Z
spellingShingle Force Majeure vs. Hardship: A Comparative Analysis of Their Application in Construction Contracts in the UAE and the UK
ABUOBAIDA, MOHAMED FAWZI AHMED
force majeure
hardship
construction contracts
UAE law
UK law
contractual risk
legal interpretation
frustration doctrine
FIDIC
cross-border projects
dispute resolution
contract enforcement
title Force Majeure vs. Hardship: A Comparative Analysis of Their Application in Construction Contracts in the UAE and the UK
title_full Force Majeure vs. Hardship: A Comparative Analysis of Their Application in Construction Contracts in the UAE and the UK
title_fullStr Force Majeure vs. Hardship: A Comparative Analysis of Their Application in Construction Contracts in the UAE and the UK
title_full_unstemmed Force Majeure vs. Hardship: A Comparative Analysis of Their Application in Construction Contracts in the UAE and the UK
title_short Force Majeure vs. Hardship: A Comparative Analysis of Their Application in Construction Contracts in the UAE and the UK
title_sort Force Majeure vs. Hardship: A Comparative Analysis of Their Application in Construction Contracts in the UAE and the UK
topic force majeure
hardship
construction contracts
UAE law
UK law
contractual risk
legal interpretation
frustration doctrine
FIDIC
cross-border projects
dispute resolution
contract enforcement
url https://bspace.buid.ac.ae/handle/1234/3239