Pyrolysis of Canarium schweinfurthii hard-shell: Thermochemical characterisation and pyrolytic kinetics studies
Canarium schweinfurthii fruit used in food and cosmetics produces waste nuts with a hard shell (hard-shell) and kernel. The hard-shell contained lignin and holocellulose, besides 51.99 wt% carbon, 6.0 wt% hydrogen, 41.68 wt% oxygen, and 70.97 wt% volatile matter. Therefore, this study commenced ther...
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| مؤلفون آخرون: | , , , , |
| التنسيق: | article |
| منشور في: |
2023
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| الموضوعات: | |
| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13234 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023004413 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/41535 |
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| _version_ | 1857415085847216128 |
|---|---|
| author | Kabir, Garba |
| author2 | Mohammed, Isah Yakub Isa, Yusuf Makarfi Abubakar, Lawan Garba Abakr, Yousif Abdalla Hameed, Bassim H. |
| author2_role | author author author author author |
| author_facet | Kabir, Garba Mohammed, Isah Yakub Isa, Yusuf Makarfi Abubakar, Lawan Garba Abakr, Yousif Abdalla Hameed, Bassim H. |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Kabir, Garba Mohammed, Isah Yakub Isa, Yusuf Makarfi Abubakar, Lawan Garba Abakr, Yousif Abdalla Hameed, Bassim H. |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2023-03-30T10:03:17Z 2023-01-25 |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13234 Garba, K., Mohammed, I. Y., Isa, Y. M., Abubakar, L. G., Abakr, Y. A., & Hameed, B. H. (2023). Pyrolysis of Canarium schweinfurthii hard-shell: Thermochemical characterisation and pyrolytic kinetics studies. Heliyon, 9(2). 2405-8440 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023004413 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/41535 2 9 2405-8440 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | en |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Elsevier |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Biochar Bio-oil Canarium schweinfurthii hard-shell Kinetics Pyrolysis Thermogravimetric analysis |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Pyrolysis of Canarium schweinfurthii hard-shell: Thermochemical characterisation and pyrolytic kinetics studies |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| description | Canarium schweinfurthii fruit used in food and cosmetics produces waste nuts with a hard shell (hard-shell) and kernel. The hard-shell contained lignin and holocellulose, besides 51.99 wt% carbon, 6.0 wt% hydrogen, 41.68 wt% oxygen, and 70.97 wt% volatile matter. Therefore, this study commenced thermochemical investigations on the hard-shell through extensive intermediate pyrolysis and kinetic studies. During the active stage of thermogravimetric pyrolysis, the hard-shell lost a maximum of 56.45 wt%, and the activation energies obtained by the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Starink methods were 223, 221 and 217 kJ/mol, respectively. The Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method depicted the degradation process accurately, where the Coat-Redfern method's contraction and diffusion mechanisms governed the pyrolysis reactions at activation energies of 16.62 kJ/mol and 38.83 kJ/mol, respectively. The pyrolysis process produced 25 wt% biochar and 25 wt% bio-oil under optimum conditions. The calorific values of the bio-oils with 6.81–7.11 wt% hydrogen and 68.01–71.12 wt% carbon was 26.32–27.83 MJ/kg, with phenolics and n-hexadecanoic and oleic acids as major compounds. Biochar, by contrast, has a high carbon content of 75.11–79.32 wt% and calorific values of 25.45–28.61 MJ/kg. These properties assert the biochar and bio-oils among viable bioenergy sources. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | qu_16b4e368804c07368f49fd262939a7a2 |
| identifier_str_mv | Garba, K., Mohammed, I. Y., Isa, Y. M., Abubakar, L. G., Abakr, Y. A., & Hameed, B. H. (2023). Pyrolysis of Canarium schweinfurthii hard-shell: Thermochemical characterisation and pyrolytic kinetics studies. Heliyon, 9(2). 2405-8440 2 9 |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en |
| network_acronym_str | qu |
| network_name_str | Qatar University repository |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/41535 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Elsevier |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| spelling | Pyrolysis of Canarium schweinfurthii hard-shell: Thermochemical characterisation and pyrolytic kinetics studiesKabir, GarbaMohammed, Isah YakubIsa, Yusuf MakarfiAbubakar, Lawan GarbaAbakr, Yousif AbdallaHameed, Bassim H.BiocharBio-oilCanarium schweinfurthii hard-shellKineticsPyrolysisThermogravimetric analysisCanarium schweinfurthii fruit used in food and cosmetics produces waste nuts with a hard shell (hard-shell) and kernel. The hard-shell contained lignin and holocellulose, besides 51.99 wt% carbon, 6.0 wt% hydrogen, 41.68 wt% oxygen, and 70.97 wt% volatile matter. Therefore, this study commenced thermochemical investigations on the hard-shell through extensive intermediate pyrolysis and kinetic studies. During the active stage of thermogravimetric pyrolysis, the hard-shell lost a maximum of 56.45 wt%, and the activation energies obtained by the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Starink methods were 223, 221 and 217 kJ/mol, respectively. The Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method depicted the degradation process accurately, where the Coat-Redfern method's contraction and diffusion mechanisms governed the pyrolysis reactions at activation energies of 16.62 kJ/mol and 38.83 kJ/mol, respectively. The pyrolysis process produced 25 wt% biochar and 25 wt% bio-oil under optimum conditions. The calorific values of the bio-oils with 6.81–7.11 wt% hydrogen and 68.01–71.12 wt% carbon was 26.32–27.83 MJ/kg, with phenolics and n-hexadecanoic and oleic acids as major compounds. Biochar, by contrast, has a high carbon content of 75.11–79.32 wt% and calorific values of 25.45–28.61 MJ/kg. These properties assert the biochar and bio-oils among viable bioenergy sources.Tertiary Education Trust Fund of Nigeria - grant no. [ TETFund/DR & D/CE/NRF/2019/STI/49].Elsevier2023-03-30T10:03:17Z2023-01-25Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13234Garba, K., Mohammed, I. Y., Isa, Y. M., Abubakar, L. G., Abakr, Y. A., & Hameed, B. H. (2023). Pyrolysis of Canarium schweinfurthii hard-shell: Thermochemical characterisation and pyrolytic kinetics studies. Heliyon, 9(2).2405-8440https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023004413http://hdl.handle.net/10576/41535292405-8440enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/415352024-07-23T13:52:53Z |
| spellingShingle | Pyrolysis of Canarium schweinfurthii hard-shell: Thermochemical characterisation and pyrolytic kinetics studies Kabir, Garba Biochar Bio-oil Canarium schweinfurthii hard-shell Kinetics Pyrolysis Thermogravimetric analysis |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Pyrolysis of Canarium schweinfurthii hard-shell: Thermochemical characterisation and pyrolytic kinetics studies |
| title_full | Pyrolysis of Canarium schweinfurthii hard-shell: Thermochemical characterisation and pyrolytic kinetics studies |
| title_fullStr | Pyrolysis of Canarium schweinfurthii hard-shell: Thermochemical characterisation and pyrolytic kinetics studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pyrolysis of Canarium schweinfurthii hard-shell: Thermochemical characterisation and pyrolytic kinetics studies |
| title_short | Pyrolysis of Canarium schweinfurthii hard-shell: Thermochemical characterisation and pyrolytic kinetics studies |
| title_sort | Pyrolysis of Canarium schweinfurthii hard-shell: Thermochemical characterisation and pyrolytic kinetics studies |
| topic | Biochar Bio-oil Canarium schweinfurthii hard-shell Kinetics Pyrolysis Thermogravimetric analysis |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13234 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023004413 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/41535 |