Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
BackgroundDiabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-...
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2023
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| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01301-6 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673623013016 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/56146 |
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| author | Kanyin Liane, Ong |
| author2 | Stafford, Lauryn K McLaughlin, Susan A Boyko, Edward J Vollset, Stein Emil Smith, Amanda E Dalton, Bronte E Duprey, Joe Cruz, Jessica A Hagins, Hailey Lindstedt, Paulina A Aali, Amirali Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Melsew Dagne Abbasian, Mohammadreza Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abd ElHafeez, Samar Abd-Rabu, Rami Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md Abedi, Vida Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Adane, Tigist Demssew Adane, Denberu Eshetie Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A Adekanmbi, Victor Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afolabi, Rotimi Felix Agarwal, Gina Aghdam, Zahra Babaei Agudelo-Botero, Marcela Aguilera Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Luai A Ahmed, Syed Anees Ajami, Marjan Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali Alalwan, Tariq A Al-Aly, Ziyad AlBataineh, Mohammad T Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alemi, Sharifullah Ali, Hassam Alinia, Tahereh Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Firehiwot Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Ansar, Adnan Ansari, Golnoosh Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y Areda, Demelash Arifin, Hidayat Arkew, Mesay Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Artamonov, Anton A Arulappan, Judie Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Arumugam, Ashokan Aryan, Zahra Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Askari, Elaheh Asmelash, Daniel Astell-Burt, Thomas Athar, Mohammad Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Avila-Burgos, Leticia Awaisu, Ahmed Azadnajafabad, Sina B, Darshan B Babamohamadi, Hassan Badar, Muhammad Badawi, Alaa Badiye, Ashish D Baghcheghi, Nayereh Bagheri, Nasser Bagherieh, Sara Bah, Sulaiman Bahadory, Saeed Bai, Ruhai Baig, Atif Amin Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin Baradaran, Hamid Reza Barchitta, Martina Bardhan, Mainak Barengo, Noel C Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barone-Adesi, Francesco Barrow, Amadou Bashiri, Hamideh Basiru, Afisu Basu, Sanjay Basu, Saurav Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batra, Kavita Bayih, Mulat Tirfie Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew Behnoush, Amir Hossein Bekele, Alehegn Bekele Belete, Melaku Ashagrie Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal Belo, Luis Bennett, Derrick A Bensenor, Isabela M Berhe, Kidanemaryam Berhie, Alemshet Yirga Bhaskar, Sonu Bhat, Ajay Nagesh Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Bikbov, Boris Bilal, Faiq Bintoro, Bagas Suryo Bitaraf, Saeid Bitra, Veera R Bjegovic-Mikanovic, Vesna Bodolica, Virginia Boloor, Archith Brauer, Michael Brazo-Sayavera, Javier Brenner, Hermann Butt, Zahid A Calina, Daniela Campos, Luciana Aparecida Campos-Nonato, Ismael R Cao, Yin Cao, Chao Car, Josip Carvalho, Márcia Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A Catalá-López, Ferrán Cerin, Ester Chadwick, Joshua Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K Chanie, Gashaw Sisay Charan, Jaykaran Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chauhan, Kirti Cheema, Huzaifa Ahmad Chekol Abebe, Endeshaw Chen, Simiao Cherbuin, Nicolas Chichagi, Fatemeh Chidambaram, Saravana Babu Cho, William C S Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chowdhury, Rajiv Chowdhury, Enayet Karim Chu, Dinh-Toi Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Chung, Sheng-Chia Coberly, Kaleb Columbus, Alyssa Contreras, Daniela Cousin, Ewerton Criqui, Michael H Cruz-Martins, Natália Cuschieri, Sarah Dabo, Bashir Dadras, Omid Dai, Xiaochen Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Lalit Das, Saswati Dascalu, Ana Maria Dash, Nihar Ranjan Dashti, Mohsen Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa Debele, Gebiso Roba Delpasand, Kourosh Demisse, Fitsum Wolde Demissie, Getu Debalkie Deng, Xinlei Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Deo, Salil V Dervišević, Emina Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai Desale, Aragaw Tesfaw Dessie, Anteneh Mengist Desta, Fikreab Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman Dey, Sourav Dhama, Kuldeep Dhimal, Meghnath Diao, Nancy Diaz, Daniel Dinu, Monica Diress, Mengistie Djalalinia, Shirin Doan, Linh Phuong Dongarwar, Deepa dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter Duncan, Bruce B Dutta, Siddhartha Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian Edinur, Hisham Atan Ekholuenetale, Michael Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus Elgendy, Islam Y Elhadi, Muhammed El-Huneidi, Waseem Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmonem, Mohamed A Endeshaw, Destaw Esayas, Hawi Leul Eshetu, Habitu Birhan Etaee, Farshid Fadhil, Ibtihal Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis Fahim, Ayesha Falahi, Shahab Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud Farrokhpour, Hossein Farzadfar, Farshad Fatehizadeh, Ali Fazli, Ghazal Feng, Xiaoqi Ferede, Tomas Y Fischer, Florian Flood, David Forouhari, Ali Foroumadi, Roham Foroutan Koudehi, Masoumeh Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gaihre, Santosh Gaipov, Abduzhappar Galali, Yaseen Ganesan, Balasankar Garcia-Gordillo, MA Gautam, Rupesh K Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru Getacher, Lemma Ghadirian, Fataneh Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad Ghassemi, Fariba Golechha, Mahaveer Goleij, Pouya Golinelli, Davide Gopalani, Sameer Vali Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh Guan, Shi-Yang Gudayu, Temesgen Worku Guimarães, Rafael Alves Guled, Rashid Abdi Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Kartik Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gyawali, Bishal Haddadi, Rasool Hadi, Najah R Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher Hajibeygi, Ramtin Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin Halwani, Rabih Hamidi, Samer Hankey, Graeme J Hannan, Md Abdul Haque, Shafiul Harandi, Hamid Harlianto, Netanja I Hasan, S M Mahmudul Hasan, Syed Shahzad Hasani, Hamidreza Hassanipour, Soheil Hassen, Mohammed Bheser Haubold, Johannes Hayat, Khezar Heidari, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Hessami, Kamran Hiraike, Yuta Holla, Ramesh Hossain, Sahadat Hossain, Md Shakhaoat Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Hassan Huang, Junjie Huda, Md Nazmul Hussain, Salman Huynh, Hong-Han Hwang, Bing-Fang Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel Ikeda, Nayu Ilic, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja Iqbal, Afrin Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Rakibul M Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah Iso, Hiroyasu Isola, Gaetano Itumalla, Ramaiah Iwagami, Masao Iwu, Chidozie C D Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi Iyasu, Assefa N Jacob, Louis Jafarzadeh, Abdollah Jahrami, Haitham Jain, Rajesh Jaja, Chinwe Jamalpoor, Zahra Jamshidi, Elham Janakiraman, Balamurugan Jayanna, Krishnamurthy Jayapal, Sathish Kumar Jayaram, Shubha Jayawardena, Ranil Jebai, Rime Jeong, Wonjeong Jin, Yinzi Jokar, Mohammad Jonas, Jost B Joseph, Nitin Joseph, Abel Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma Joukar, Farahnaz Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Kaambwa, Billingsley Kabir, Ali Kabthymer, Robel Hussen Kadashetti, Vidya Kahe, Farima Kalhor, Rohollah Kandel, Himal Karanth, Shama D Karaye, Ibraheem M Karkhah, Samad Katoto, Patrick DMC Kaur, Navjot Kazemian, Sina Kebede, Sewnet Adem Khader, Yousef Saleh Khajuria, Himanshu Khalaji, Amirmohammad Khan, Moien AB Khan, Maseer Khan, Ajmal Khanal, Saval Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad Khater, Amir M Khateri, Sorour khorashadizadeh, Fatemeh Khubchandani, Jagdish Kibret, Biruk Getahun Kim, Min Seo Kimokoti, Ruth W Kisa, Adnan Kivimäki, Mika Kolahi, Ali-Asghar Komaki, Somayeh Kompani, Farzad Koohestani, Hamid Reza Korzh, Oleksii Kostev, Karel Kothari, Nikhil Koyanagi, Ai Krishan, Kewal Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj Kuate Defo, Barthelemy Kuddus, Mohammed Kuddus, Md Abdul Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Harish Kundu, Satyajit Kurniasari, Maria Dyah Kuttikkattu, Ambily La Vecchia, Carlo Lallukka, Tea Larijani, Bagher Larsson, Anders O Latief, Kamaluddin Lawal, Basira Kankia Le, Thao Thi Thu Le, Trang Thi Bich Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Munjae Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Paul H Lee, Sang-woong Lee, Seung Won Legesse, Samson Mideksa Lenzi, Jacopo Li, Yongze Li, Ming-Chieh Lim, Stephen S Lim, Lee-Ling Liu, Xuefeng Liu, Chaojie Lo, Chun-Han Lopes, Graciliana Lorkowski, Stefan Lozano, Rafael Lucchetti, Giancarlo Maghazachi, Azzam A Mahasha, Phetole Walter Mahjoub, Soleiman Mahmoud, Mansour Adam Mahmoudi, Razzagh Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh Mai, Anh Tuan Majeed, Azeem Majma Sanaye, Pantea Makris, Konstantinos Christos Malhotra, Kashish Malik, Ahmad Azam Malik, Iram Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain Malta, Deborah Carvalho Mamun, Abdullah A Mansouri, Borhan Marateb, Hamid Reza Mardi, Parham Martini, Santi Martorell, Miquel Marzo, Roy Rillera Masoudi, Reza Masoudi, Sahar Mathews, Elezebeth Maugeri, Andrea Mazzaglia, Giampiero Mekonnen, Teferi Meshkat, Mahboobeh Mestrovic, Tomislav Miao Jonasson, Junmei Miazgowski, Tomasz Michalek, Irmina Maria Minh, Le Huu Nhat Mini, GK Miranda, J Jaime Mirfakhraie, Reza Mirrakhimov, Erkin M Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad Misganaw, Awoke Misgina, Kebede Haile Mishra, Manish Moazen, Babak Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohammadi, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Mohsen Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah Mohammadshahi, Marita Mohseni, Alireza Mojiri-forushani, Hoda Mokdad, Ali H Momtazmanesh, Sara Monasta, Lorenzo Moniruzzaman, Md Mons, Ute Montazeri, Fateme Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli Moradi, Yousef Moradi, Maryam Moradi Sarabi, Mostafa Morovatdar, Negar Morrison, Shane Douglas Morze, Jakub Mossialos, Elias Mostafavi, Ebrahim Mueller, Ulrich Otto Mulita, Francesk Mulita, Admir Murillo-Zamora, Efrén Musa, Kamarul Imran Mwita, Julius C Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad Naghavi, Mohsen Nainu, Firzan Nair, Tapas Sadasivan Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid Nangia, Vinay Nargus, Shumaila Naser, Abdallah Y Nassereldine, Hasan Natto, Zuhair S Nauman, Javaid Nayak, Biswa Prakash Ndejjo, Rawlance Negash, Hadush Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien Nguyen, Dang H Nguyen, Phat Tuan Nguyen, Van Thanh Nguyen, Hien Quang Niazi, Robina Khan Nigatu, Yeshambel T Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini Nizam, Muhammad A Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles Noreen, Mamoona Noubiap, Jean Jacques Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe Oancea, Bogdan Odogwu, Nkechi Martina Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade Ojha, Vivek Anand Okati-Aliabad, Hassan Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul Okonji, Osaretin Christabel Okwute, Patrick Godwin Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa Onwujekwe, Obinna E Ordak, Michal Ortiz, Alberto Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi Oulhaj, Abderrahim Owolabi, Mayowa O Padron-Monedero, Alicia Padubidri, Jagadish Rao Palladino, Raffaele Panagiotakos, Demosthenes Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Pandey, Ashok Pandey, Anamika Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela Pardhan, Shahina Parekh, Tarang Parekh, Utsav Pasovic, Maja Patel, Jay Patel, Jenil R Paudel, Uttam Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino Pereira, Marcos Perico, Norberto Perna, Simone Petcu, Ionela-Roxana Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily Podder, Vivek Postma, Maarten J Pourali, Ghazaleh Pourtaheri, Naeimeh Prates, Elton Junio Sady Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd Qattea, Ibrahim Raee, Pourya Rafique, Ibrar Rahimi, Mehran Rahimifard, Mahban Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa Rahman, Md Obaidur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Md Mosfequr Rahmani, Mohamed Rahmani, Shayan Rahmanian, Vahid Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum Rahnavard, Niloufar Rajbhandari, Bibek Ram, Pradhum Ramazanu, Sheena Rana, Juwel Rancic, Nemanja Ranjha, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz Rao, Chythra R Rapaka, Deepthi Rasali, Drona Prakash Rashedi, Sina Rashedi, Vahid Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi Ratan, Zubair Ahmed Rawaf, Salman Rawal, Lal Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Remuzzi, Giuseppe Rengasamy, Kannan RR Renzaho, Andre M N Reyes, Luis Felipe Rezaei, Nima Rezaei, Nazila Rezaeian, Mohsen Rezazadeh, Hossein Riahi, Seyed Mohammad Rias, Yohanes Andy Riaz, Muhammad Ribeiro, Daniela Rodrigues, Mónica Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Roever, Leonardo Rohloff, Peter Roshandel, Gholamreza Roustazadeh, Abazar Rwegerera, Godfrey M Saad, Aly M A Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed Sabour, Siamak Sabzmakan, Leila Saddik, Basema Sadeghi, Erfan Saeed, Umar Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar Safi, Sare Safi, Sher Zaman Saghazadeh, Amene Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Sahebkar, Amirhossein Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop Sahoo, Harihar Saif-Ur-Rahman, KM Sajid, Mirza Rizwan Salahi, Sarvenaz Salahi, Saina Saleh, Mohamed A Salehi, Mohammad Amin Salomon, Joshua A Sanabria, Juan Sanjeev, Rama Krishna Sanmarchi, Francesco Santric-Milicevic, Milena M Sarasmita, Made Ary Sargazi, Saman Sathian, Brijesh Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu Sawhney, Monika Schlaich, Markus P Schmidt, Maria Inês Schuermans, Art Seidu, Abdul-Aziz Senthil Kumar, Nachimuthu Sepanlou, Sadaf G Sethi, Yashendra Seylani, Allen Shabany, Maryam Shafaghat, Tahereh Shafeghat, Melika Shafie, Mahan Shah, Nilay S Shahid, Samiah Shaikh, Masood Ali Shanawaz, Mohd Shannawaz, Mohammed Sharfaei, Sadaf Shashamo, Bereket Beyene Shiri, Rahman Shittu, Aminu Shivakumar, K M Shivalli, Siddharudha Shobeiri, Parnian Shokri, Fereshteh Shuval, Kerem Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Simpson, Colin R Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Surjit Siraj, Md Shahjahan Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna Sohag, Abdullah Al Mamun Soleimani, Hamidreza Solikhah, Solikhah Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh Somayaji, Ranjani Sorensen, Reed J D Starodubova, Antonina V Sujata, Sujata Suleman, Muhammad Sun, Jing Sundström, Johan Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir Tabish, Mohammad Taheri, Majid Taheri, Ensiyeh Taki, Elahe Tamuzi, Jacques JL Lukenze Tan, Ker-Kan Tat, Nathan Y Taye, Birhan Tsegaw Temesgen, Worku Animaw Temsah, Mohamad-Hani Tesler, Riki Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman Thapa, Rajshree Tharwat, Samar Thomas, Nihal Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera Tiyuri, Amir Tonelli, Marcello Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Trico, Domenico Trihandini, Indang Tripathy, Jaya Prasad Tromans, Samuel Joseph Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom Tualeka, Abdul Rohim Tufa, Derara Girma Tyrovolas, Stefanos Ullah, Sana Upadhyay, Era Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj Valizadeh, Rohollah van Daalen, Kim Robin Vart, Priya Varthya, Shoban Babu Vasankari, Tommi Juhani Vaziri, Siavash Verma, Madhur verma Verras, Georgios-Ioannis Vo, Danh Cao Wagaye, Birhanu Waheed, Yasir Wang, Ziyue Wang, Yanqing Wang, Cong Wang, Fang Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse Wei, Melissa Y Wei Weldemariam, Abrha Hailay Westerman, Ronny Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Wu, YiFan Wulandari, Ratna DWI Xia, Juan Xiao, Hong Xu, Suowen Xu, Xiaoyue Yada, Dereje Y Yang, Lin Yatsuya, Hiroshi Yesiltepe, Metin Yi, Siyan Yohannis, Hunachew Kibret Yonemoto, Naohiro You, Yuyi Zaman, Sojib Bin Zamora, Nelson Zare, Iman Zarea, Kourosh Zarrintan, Armin Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich Zeru, Naod Gebrekrstos Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zhong, Chenwen Zhou, Jingjing Zielińska, Magdalena Zikarg, Yossef Teshome Zodpey, Sanjay Zoladl, Mohammad Zou, Zhiyong Zumla, Alimuddin Zuniga, Yves Miel H Magliano, Dianna J Murray, Christopher J L Hay, Simon I Vos, Theo |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author 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author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Kanyin Liane, Ong Stafford, Lauryn K McLaughlin, Susan A Boyko, Edward J Vollset, Stein Emil Smith, Amanda E Dalton, Bronte E Duprey, Joe Cruz, Jessica A Hagins, Hailey Lindstedt, Paulina A Aali, Amirali Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Melsew Dagne Abbasian, Mohammadreza Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abd ElHafeez, Samar Abd-Rabu, Rami Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md Abedi, Vida Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Adane, Tigist Demssew Adane, Denberu Eshetie Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A Adekanmbi, Victor Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afolabi, Rotimi Felix Agarwal, Gina Aghdam, Zahra Babaei Agudelo-Botero, Marcela Aguilera Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Luai A Ahmed, Syed Anees Ajami, Marjan Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali Alalwan, Tariq A Al-Aly, Ziyad AlBataineh, Mohammad T Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alemi, Sharifullah Ali, Hassam Alinia, Tahereh Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Firehiwot Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Ansar, Adnan Ansari, Golnoosh Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y Areda, Demelash Arifin, Hidayat Arkew, Mesay Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Artamonov, Anton A Arulappan, Judie Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Arumugam, Ashokan Aryan, Zahra Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Askari, Elaheh Asmelash, Daniel Astell-Burt, Thomas Athar, Mohammad Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Avila-Burgos, Leticia Awaisu, Ahmed Azadnajafabad, Sina B, Darshan B Babamohamadi, Hassan Badar, Muhammad Badawi, Alaa Badiye, Ashish D Baghcheghi, Nayereh Bagheri, Nasser Bagherieh, Sara Bah, Sulaiman Bahadory, Saeed Bai, Ruhai Baig, Atif Amin Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin Baradaran, Hamid Reza Barchitta, Martina Bardhan, Mainak Barengo, Noel C Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barone-Adesi, Francesco Barrow, Amadou Bashiri, Hamideh Basiru, Afisu Basu, Sanjay Basu, Saurav Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batra, Kavita Bayih, Mulat Tirfie Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew Behnoush, Amir Hossein Bekele, Alehegn Bekele Belete, Melaku Ashagrie Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal Belo, Luis Bennett, Derrick A Bensenor, Isabela M Berhe, Kidanemaryam Berhie, Alemshet Yirga Bhaskar, Sonu Bhat, Ajay Nagesh Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Bikbov, Boris Bilal, Faiq Bintoro, Bagas Suryo Bitaraf, Saeid Bitra, Veera R Bjegovic-Mikanovic, Vesna Bodolica, Virginia Boloor, Archith Brauer, Michael Brazo-Sayavera, Javier Brenner, Hermann Butt, Zahid A Calina, Daniela Campos, Luciana Aparecida Campos-Nonato, Ismael R Cao, Yin Cao, Chao Car, Josip Carvalho, Márcia Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A Catalá-López, Ferrán Cerin, Ester Chadwick, Joshua Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K Chanie, Gashaw Sisay Charan, Jaykaran Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chauhan, Kirti Cheema, Huzaifa Ahmad Chekol Abebe, Endeshaw Chen, Simiao Cherbuin, Nicolas Chichagi, Fatemeh Chidambaram, Saravana Babu Cho, William C S Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chowdhury, Rajiv Chowdhury, Enayet Karim Chu, Dinh-Toi Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Chung, Sheng-Chia Coberly, Kaleb Columbus, Alyssa Contreras, Daniela Cousin, Ewerton Criqui, Michael H Cruz-Martins, Natália Cuschieri, Sarah Dabo, Bashir Dadras, Omid Dai, Xiaochen Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Lalit Das, Saswati Dascalu, Ana Maria Dash, Nihar Ranjan Dashti, Mohsen Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa Debele, Gebiso Roba Delpasand, Kourosh Demisse, Fitsum Wolde Demissie, Getu Debalkie Deng, Xinlei Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Deo, Salil V Dervišević, Emina Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai Desale, Aragaw Tesfaw Dessie, Anteneh Mengist Desta, Fikreab Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman Dey, Sourav Dhama, Kuldeep Dhimal, Meghnath Diao, Nancy Diaz, Daniel Dinu, Monica Diress, Mengistie Djalalinia, Shirin Doan, Linh Phuong Dongarwar, Deepa dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter Duncan, Bruce B Dutta, Siddhartha Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian Edinur, Hisham Atan Ekholuenetale, Michael Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus Elgendy, Islam Y Elhadi, Muhammed El-Huneidi, Waseem Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmonem, Mohamed A Endeshaw, Destaw Esayas, Hawi Leul Eshetu, Habitu Birhan Etaee, Farshid Fadhil, Ibtihal Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis Fahim, Ayesha Falahi, Shahab Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud Farrokhpour, Hossein Farzadfar, Farshad Fatehizadeh, Ali Fazli, Ghazal Feng, Xiaoqi Ferede, Tomas Y Fischer, Florian Flood, David Forouhari, Ali Foroumadi, Roham Foroutan Koudehi, Masoumeh Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gaihre, Santosh Gaipov, Abduzhappar Galali, Yaseen Ganesan, Balasankar Garcia-Gordillo, MA Gautam, Rupesh K Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru Getacher, Lemma Ghadirian, Fataneh Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad Ghassemi, Fariba Golechha, Mahaveer Goleij, Pouya Golinelli, Davide Gopalani, Sameer Vali Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh Guan, Shi-Yang Gudayu, Temesgen Worku Guimarães, Rafael Alves Guled, Rashid Abdi Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Kartik Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gyawali, Bishal Haddadi, Rasool Hadi, Najah R Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher Hajibeygi, Ramtin Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin Halwani, Rabih Hamidi, Samer Hankey, Graeme J Hannan, Md Abdul Haque, Shafiul Harandi, Hamid Harlianto, Netanja I Hasan, S M Mahmudul Hasan, Syed Shahzad Hasani, Hamidreza Hassanipour, Soheil Hassen, Mohammed Bheser Haubold, Johannes Hayat, Khezar Heidari, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Hessami, Kamran Hiraike, Yuta Holla, Ramesh Hossain, Sahadat Hossain, Md Shakhaoat Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Hassan Huang, Junjie Huda, Md Nazmul Hussain, Salman Huynh, Hong-Han Hwang, Bing-Fang Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel Ikeda, Nayu Ilic, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja Iqbal, Afrin Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Rakibul M Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah Iso, Hiroyasu Isola, Gaetano Itumalla, Ramaiah Iwagami, Masao Iwu, Chidozie C D Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi Iyasu, Assefa N Jacob, Louis Jafarzadeh, Abdollah Jahrami, Haitham Jain, Rajesh Jaja, Chinwe Jamalpoor, Zahra Jamshidi, Elham Janakiraman, Balamurugan Jayanna, Krishnamurthy Jayapal, Sathish Kumar Jayaram, Shubha Jayawardena, Ranil Jebai, Rime Jeong, Wonjeong Jin, Yinzi Jokar, Mohammad Jonas, Jost B Joseph, Nitin Joseph, Abel Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma Joukar, Farahnaz Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Kaambwa, Billingsley Kabir, Ali Kabthymer, Robel Hussen Kadashetti, Vidya Kahe, Farima Kalhor, Rohollah Kandel, Himal Karanth, Shama D Karaye, Ibraheem M Karkhah, Samad Katoto, Patrick DMC Kaur, Navjot Kazemian, Sina Kebede, Sewnet Adem Khader, Yousef Saleh Khajuria, Himanshu Khalaji, Amirmohammad Khan, Moien AB Khan, Maseer Khan, Ajmal Khanal, Saval Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad Khater, Amir M Khateri, Sorour khorashadizadeh, Fatemeh Khubchandani, Jagdish Kibret, Biruk Getahun Kim, Min Seo Kimokoti, Ruth W Kisa, Adnan Kivimäki, Mika Kolahi, Ali-Asghar Komaki, Somayeh Kompani, Farzad Koohestani, Hamid Reza Korzh, Oleksii Kostev, Karel Kothari, Nikhil Koyanagi, Ai Krishan, Kewal Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj Kuate Defo, Barthelemy Kuddus, Mohammed Kuddus, Md Abdul Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Harish Kundu, Satyajit Kurniasari, Maria Dyah Kuttikkattu, Ambily La Vecchia, Carlo Lallukka, Tea Larijani, Bagher Larsson, Anders O Latief, Kamaluddin Lawal, Basira Kankia Le, Thao Thi Thu Le, Trang Thi Bich Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Munjae Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Paul H Lee, Sang-woong Lee, Seung Won Legesse, Samson Mideksa Lenzi, Jacopo Li, Yongze Li, Ming-Chieh Lim, Stephen S Lim, Lee-Ling Liu, Xuefeng Liu, Chaojie Lo, Chun-Han Lopes, Graciliana Lorkowski, Stefan Lozano, Rafael Lucchetti, Giancarlo Maghazachi, Azzam A Mahasha, Phetole Walter Mahjoub, Soleiman Mahmoud, Mansour Adam Mahmoudi, Razzagh Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh Mai, Anh Tuan Majeed, Azeem Majma Sanaye, Pantea Makris, Konstantinos Christos Malhotra, Kashish Malik, Ahmad Azam Malik, Iram Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain Malta, Deborah Carvalho Mamun, Abdullah A Mansouri, Borhan Marateb, Hamid Reza Mardi, Parham Martini, Santi Martorell, Miquel Marzo, Roy Rillera Masoudi, Reza Masoudi, Sahar Mathews, Elezebeth Maugeri, Andrea Mazzaglia, Giampiero Mekonnen, Teferi Meshkat, Mahboobeh Mestrovic, Tomislav Miao Jonasson, Junmei Miazgowski, Tomasz Michalek, Irmina Maria Minh, Le Huu Nhat Mini, GK Miranda, J Jaime Mirfakhraie, Reza Mirrakhimov, Erkin M Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad Misganaw, Awoke Misgina, Kebede Haile Mishra, Manish Moazen, Babak Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohammadi, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Mohsen Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah Mohammadshahi, Marita Mohseni, Alireza Mojiri-forushani, Hoda Mokdad, Ali H Momtazmanesh, Sara Monasta, Lorenzo Moniruzzaman, Md Mons, Ute Montazeri, Fateme Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli Moradi, Yousef Moradi, Maryam Moradi Sarabi, Mostafa Morovatdar, Negar Morrison, Shane Douglas Morze, Jakub Mossialos, Elias Mostafavi, Ebrahim Mueller, Ulrich Otto Mulita, Francesk Mulita, Admir Murillo-Zamora, Efrén Musa, Kamarul Imran Mwita, Julius C Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad Naghavi, Mohsen Nainu, Firzan Nair, Tapas Sadasivan Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid Nangia, Vinay Nargus, Shumaila Naser, Abdallah Y Nassereldine, Hasan Natto, Zuhair S Nauman, Javaid Nayak, Biswa Prakash Ndejjo, Rawlance Negash, Hadush Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien Nguyen, Dang H Nguyen, Phat Tuan Nguyen, Van Thanh Nguyen, Hien Quang Niazi, Robina Khan Nigatu, Yeshambel T Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini Nizam, Muhammad A Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles Noreen, Mamoona Noubiap, Jean Jacques Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe Oancea, Bogdan Odogwu, Nkechi Martina Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade Ojha, Vivek Anand Okati-Aliabad, Hassan Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul Okonji, Osaretin Christabel Okwute, Patrick Godwin Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa Onwujekwe, Obinna E Ordak, Michal Ortiz, Alberto Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi Oulhaj, Abderrahim Owolabi, Mayowa O Padron-Monedero, Alicia Padubidri, Jagadish Rao Palladino, Raffaele Panagiotakos, Demosthenes Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Pandey, Ashok Pandey, Anamika Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela Pardhan, Shahina Parekh, Tarang Parekh, Utsav Pasovic, Maja Patel, Jay Patel, Jenil R Paudel, Uttam Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino Pereira, Marcos Perico, Norberto Perna, Simone Petcu, Ionela-Roxana Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily Podder, Vivek Postma, Maarten J Pourali, Ghazaleh Pourtaheri, Naeimeh Prates, Elton Junio Sady Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd Qattea, Ibrahim Raee, Pourya Rafique, Ibrar Rahimi, Mehran Rahimifard, Mahban Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa Rahman, Md Obaidur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Md Mosfequr Rahmani, Mohamed Rahmani, Shayan Rahmanian, Vahid Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum Rahnavard, Niloufar Rajbhandari, Bibek Ram, Pradhum Ramazanu, Sheena Rana, Juwel Rancic, Nemanja Ranjha, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz Rao, Chythra R Rapaka, Deepthi Rasali, Drona Prakash Rashedi, Sina Rashedi, Vahid Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi Ratan, Zubair Ahmed Rawaf, Salman Rawal, Lal Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Remuzzi, Giuseppe Rengasamy, Kannan RR Renzaho, Andre M N Reyes, Luis Felipe Rezaei, Nima Rezaei, Nazila Rezaeian, Mohsen Rezazadeh, Hossein Riahi, Seyed Mohammad Rias, Yohanes Andy Riaz, Muhammad Ribeiro, Daniela Rodrigues, Mónica Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Roever, Leonardo Rohloff, Peter Roshandel, Gholamreza Roustazadeh, Abazar Rwegerera, Godfrey M Saad, Aly M A Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed Sabour, Siamak Sabzmakan, Leila Saddik, Basema Sadeghi, Erfan Saeed, Umar Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar Safi, Sare Safi, Sher Zaman Saghazadeh, Amene Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Sahebkar, Amirhossein Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop Sahoo, Harihar Saif-Ur-Rahman, KM Sajid, Mirza Rizwan Salahi, Sarvenaz Salahi, Saina Saleh, Mohamed A Salehi, Mohammad Amin Salomon, Joshua A Sanabria, Juan Sanjeev, Rama Krishna Sanmarchi, Francesco Santric-Milicevic, Milena M Sarasmita, Made Ary Sargazi, Saman Sathian, Brijesh Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu Sawhney, Monika Schlaich, Markus P Schmidt, Maria Inês Schuermans, Art Seidu, Abdul-Aziz Senthil Kumar, Nachimuthu Sepanlou, Sadaf G Sethi, Yashendra Seylani, Allen Shabany, Maryam Shafaghat, Tahereh Shafeghat, Melika Shafie, Mahan Shah, Nilay S Shahid, Samiah Shaikh, Masood Ali Shanawaz, Mohd Shannawaz, Mohammed Sharfaei, Sadaf Shashamo, Bereket Beyene Shiri, Rahman Shittu, Aminu Shivakumar, K M Shivalli, Siddharudha Shobeiri, Parnian Shokri, Fereshteh Shuval, Kerem Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Simpson, Colin R Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Surjit Siraj, Md Shahjahan Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna Sohag, Abdullah Al Mamun Soleimani, Hamidreza Solikhah, Solikhah Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh Somayaji, Ranjani Sorensen, Reed J D Starodubova, Antonina V Sujata, Sujata Suleman, Muhammad Sun, Jing Sundström, Johan Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir Tabish, Mohammad Taheri, Majid Taheri, Ensiyeh Taki, Elahe Tamuzi, Jacques JL Lukenze Tan, Ker-Kan Tat, Nathan Y Taye, Birhan Tsegaw Temesgen, Worku Animaw Temsah, Mohamad-Hani Tesler, Riki Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman Thapa, Rajshree Tharwat, Samar Thomas, Nihal Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera Tiyuri, Amir Tonelli, Marcello Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Trico, Domenico Trihandini, Indang Tripathy, Jaya Prasad Tromans, Samuel Joseph Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom Tualeka, Abdul Rohim Tufa, Derara Girma Tyrovolas, Stefanos Ullah, Sana Upadhyay, Era Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj Valizadeh, Rohollah van Daalen, Kim Robin Vart, Priya Varthya, Shoban Babu Vasankari, Tommi Juhani Vaziri, Siavash Verma, Madhur verma Verras, Georgios-Ioannis Vo, Danh Cao Wagaye, Birhanu Waheed, Yasir Wang, Ziyue Wang, Yanqing Wang, Cong Wang, Fang Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse Wei, Melissa Y Wei Weldemariam, Abrha Hailay Westerman, Ronny Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Wu, YiFan Wulandari, Ratna DWI Xia, Juan Xiao, Hong Xu, Suowen Xu, Xiaoyue Yada, Dereje Y Yang, Lin Yatsuya, Hiroshi Yesiltepe, Metin Yi, Siyan Yohannis, Hunachew Kibret Yonemoto, Naohiro You, Yuyi Zaman, Sojib Bin Zamora, Nelson Zare, Iman Zarea, Kourosh Zarrintan, Armin Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich Zeru, Naod Gebrekrstos Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zhong, Chenwen Zhou, Jingjing Zielińska, Magdalena Zikarg, Yossef Teshome Zodpey, Sanjay Zoladl, Mohammad Zou, Zhiyong Zumla, Alimuddin Zuniga, Yves Miel H Magliano, Dianna J Murray, Christopher J L Hay, Simon I Vos, Theo |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Kanyin Liane, Ong Stafford, Lauryn K McLaughlin, Susan A Boyko, Edward J Vollset, Stein Emil Smith, Amanda E Dalton, Bronte E Duprey, Joe Cruz, Jessica A Hagins, Hailey Lindstedt, Paulina A Aali, Amirali Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Melsew Dagne Abbasian, Mohammadreza Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abd ElHafeez, Samar Abd-Rabu, Rami Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md Abedi, Vida Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Adane, Tigist Demssew Adane, Denberu Eshetie Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A Adekanmbi, Victor Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afolabi, Rotimi Felix Agarwal, Gina Aghdam, Zahra Babaei Agudelo-Botero, Marcela Aguilera Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Luai A Ahmed, Syed Anees Ajami, Marjan Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali Alalwan, Tariq A Al-Aly, Ziyad AlBataineh, Mohammad T Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alemi, Sharifullah Ali, Hassam Alinia, Tahereh Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Firehiwot Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Ansar, Adnan Ansari, Golnoosh Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y Areda, Demelash Arifin, Hidayat Arkew, Mesay Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Artamonov, Anton A Arulappan, Judie Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Arumugam, Ashokan Aryan, Zahra Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Askari, Elaheh Asmelash, Daniel Astell-Burt, Thomas Athar, Mohammad Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Avila-Burgos, Leticia Awaisu, Ahmed Azadnajafabad, Sina B, Darshan B Babamohamadi, Hassan Badar, Muhammad Badawi, Alaa Badiye, Ashish D Baghcheghi, Nayereh Bagheri, Nasser Bagherieh, Sara Bah, Sulaiman Bahadory, Saeed Bai, Ruhai Baig, Atif Amin Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin Baradaran, Hamid Reza Barchitta, Martina Bardhan, Mainak Barengo, Noel C Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barone-Adesi, Francesco Barrow, Amadou Bashiri, Hamideh Basiru, Afisu Basu, Sanjay Basu, Saurav Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batra, Kavita Bayih, Mulat Tirfie Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew Behnoush, Amir Hossein Bekele, Alehegn Bekele Belete, Melaku Ashagrie Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal Belo, Luis Bennett, Derrick A Bensenor, Isabela M Berhe, Kidanemaryam Berhie, Alemshet Yirga Bhaskar, Sonu Bhat, Ajay Nagesh Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Bikbov, Boris Bilal, Faiq Bintoro, Bagas Suryo Bitaraf, Saeid Bitra, Veera R Bjegovic-Mikanovic, Vesna Bodolica, Virginia Boloor, Archith Brauer, Michael Brazo-Sayavera, Javier Brenner, Hermann Butt, Zahid A Calina, Daniela Campos, Luciana Aparecida Campos-Nonato, Ismael R Cao, Yin Cao, Chao Car, Josip Carvalho, Márcia Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A Catalá-López, Ferrán Cerin, Ester Chadwick, Joshua Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K Chanie, Gashaw Sisay Charan, Jaykaran Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chauhan, Kirti Cheema, Huzaifa Ahmad Chekol Abebe, Endeshaw Chen, Simiao Cherbuin, Nicolas Chichagi, Fatemeh Chidambaram, Saravana Babu Cho, William C S Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chowdhury, Rajiv Chowdhury, Enayet Karim Chu, Dinh-Toi Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Chung, Sheng-Chia Coberly, Kaleb Columbus, Alyssa Contreras, Daniela Cousin, Ewerton Criqui, Michael H Cruz-Martins, Natália Cuschieri, Sarah Dabo, Bashir Dadras, Omid Dai, Xiaochen Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Lalit Das, Saswati Dascalu, Ana Maria Dash, Nihar Ranjan Dashti, Mohsen Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa Debele, Gebiso Roba Delpasand, Kourosh Demisse, Fitsum Wolde Demissie, Getu Debalkie Deng, Xinlei Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Deo, Salil V Dervišević, Emina Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai Desale, Aragaw Tesfaw Dessie, Anteneh Mengist Desta, Fikreab Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman Dey, Sourav Dhama, Kuldeep Dhimal, Meghnath Diao, Nancy Diaz, Daniel Dinu, Monica Diress, Mengistie Djalalinia, Shirin Doan, Linh Phuong Dongarwar, Deepa dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter Duncan, Bruce B Dutta, Siddhartha Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian Edinur, Hisham Atan Ekholuenetale, Michael Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus Elgendy, Islam Y Elhadi, Muhammed El-Huneidi, Waseem Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmonem, Mohamed A Endeshaw, Destaw Esayas, Hawi Leul Eshetu, Habitu Birhan Etaee, Farshid Fadhil, Ibtihal Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis Fahim, Ayesha Falahi, Shahab Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud Farrokhpour, Hossein Farzadfar, Farshad Fatehizadeh, Ali Fazli, Ghazal Feng, Xiaoqi Ferede, Tomas Y Fischer, Florian Flood, David Forouhari, Ali Foroumadi, Roham Foroutan Koudehi, Masoumeh Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gaihre, Santosh Gaipov, Abduzhappar Galali, Yaseen Ganesan, Balasankar Garcia-Gordillo, MA Gautam, Rupesh K Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru Getacher, Lemma Ghadirian, Fataneh Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad Ghassemi, Fariba Golechha, Mahaveer Goleij, Pouya Golinelli, Davide Gopalani, Sameer Vali Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh Guan, Shi-Yang Gudayu, Temesgen Worku Guimarães, Rafael Alves Guled, Rashid Abdi Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Kartik Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gyawali, Bishal Haddadi, Rasool Hadi, Najah R Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher Hajibeygi, Ramtin Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin Halwani, Rabih Hamidi, Samer Hankey, Graeme J Hannan, Md Abdul Haque, Shafiul Harandi, Hamid Harlianto, Netanja I Hasan, S M Mahmudul Hasan, Syed Shahzad Hasani, Hamidreza Hassanipour, Soheil Hassen, Mohammed Bheser Haubold, Johannes Hayat, Khezar Heidari, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Hessami, Kamran Hiraike, Yuta Holla, Ramesh Hossain, Sahadat Hossain, Md Shakhaoat Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar Hosseinzadeh, 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| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2023-07-21 2024-06-13T09:56:02Z |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01301-6 Ong, K. L., Stafford, L. K., McLaughlin, S. A., Boyko, E. J., Vollset, S. E., Smith, A. E., ... & Brauer, M. (2023). Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet, 402(10397), 203-234. 0140-6736 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673623013016 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/56146 203-234 10397 402 1474-547X |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | en |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Elsevier |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Diabetes Mellitus Quality-Adjusted Life Years |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| description | BackgroundDiabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. MethodsEstimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the risk-attributable type 2 diabetes burden for 16 risk factors falling under risk categories including environmental and occupational factors, tobacco use, high alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), dietary factors, and low physical activity. Using a regression framework, we forecast type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence through 2050 with Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high BMI as predictors, respectively. FindingsIn 2021, there were 529 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 500–564) people living with diabetes worldwide, and the global age-standardised total diabetes prevalence was 6·1% (5·8–6·5). At the super-region level, the highest age-standardised rates were observed in north Africa and the Middle East (9·3% [8·7–9·9]) and, at the regional level, in Oceania (12·3% [11·5–13·0]). Nationally, Qatar had the world's highest age-specific prevalence of diabetes, at 76·1% (73·1–79·5) in individuals aged 75–79 years. Total diabetes prevalence—especially among older adults—primarily reflects type 2 diabetes, which in 2021 accounted for 96·0% (95·1–96·8) of diabetes cases and 95·4% (94·9–95·9) of diabetes DALYs worldwide. In 2021, 52·2% (25·5–71·8) of global type 2 diabetes DALYs were attributable to high BMI. The contribution of high BMI to type 2 diabetes DALYs rose by 24·3% (18·5–30·4) worldwide between 1990 and 2021. By 2050, more than 1·31 billion (1·22–1·39) people are projected to have diabetes, with expected age-standardised total diabetes prevalence rates greater than 10% in two super-regions: 16·8% (16·1–17·6) in north Africa and the Middle East and 11·3% (10·8–11·9) in Latin America and Caribbean. By 2050, 89 (43·6%) of 204 countries and territories will have an age-standardised rate greater than 10%. InterpretationDiabetes remains a substantial public health issue. Type 2 diabetes, which makes up the bulk of diabetes cases, is largely preventable and, in some cases, potentially reversible if identified and managed early in the disease course. However, all evidence indicates that diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, primarily due to a rise in obesity caused by multiple factors. Preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. It is essential to better understand disparities in risk factor profiles and diabetes burden across populations, to inform strategies to successfully control diabetes risk factors within the context of multiple and complex drivers. FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | qu_212dff9bd80556f0bbd7e149187a7e33 |
| identifier_str_mv | Ong, K. L., Stafford, L. K., McLaughlin, S. A., Boyko, E. J., Vollset, S. E., Smith, A. E., ... & Brauer, M. (2023). Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet, 402(10397), 203-234. 0140-6736 203-234 10397 402 1474-547X |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en |
| network_acronym_str | qu |
| network_name_str | Qatar University repository |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/56146 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Elsevier |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| spelling | Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021Kanyin Liane, OngStafford, Lauryn KMcLaughlin, Susan ABoyko, Edward JVollset, Stein EmilSmith, Amanda EDalton, Bronte EDuprey, JoeCruz, Jessica AHagins, HaileyLindstedt, Paulina AAali, AmiraliAbate, Yohannes HabtegiorgisAbate, Melsew DagneAbbasian, MohammadrezaAbbasi-Kangevari, ZeinabAbbasi-Kangevari, MohsenAbd ElHafeez, SamarAbd-Rabu, RamiAbdulah, Deldar MoradAbdullah, Abu Yousuf MdAbedi, VidaAbidi, HassanAboagye, Richard GyanAbolhassani, HassanAbu-Gharbieh, EmanAbu-Zaid, AhmedAdane, Tigist DemssewAdane, Denberu EshetieAddo, Isaac YeboahAdegboye, Oyelola AAdekanmbi, VictorAdepoju, Abiola VictorAdnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas SakilahAfolabi, Rotimi FelixAgarwal, GinaAghdam, Zahra BabaeiAgudelo-Botero, MarcelaAguilera Arriagada, Constanza ElizabethAgyemang-Duah, WilliamsAhinkorah, Bright OpokuAhmad, 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LukenzeTan, Ker-KanTat, Nathan YTaye, Birhan TsegawTemesgen, Worku AnimawTemsah, Mohamad-HaniTesler, RikiThangaraju, PugazhenthanThankappan, Kavumpurathu RamanThapa, RajshreeTharwat, SamarThomas, NihalTicoalu, Jansje Henny VeraTiyuri, AmirTonelli, MarcelloTovani-Palone, Marcos RobertoTrico, DomenicoTrihandini, IndangTripathy, Jaya PrasadTromans, Samuel JosephTsegay, Guesh MebrahtomTualeka, Abdul RohimTufa, Derara GirmaTyrovolas, StefanosUllah, SanaUpadhyay, EraVahabi, Seyed MohammadVaithinathan, Asokan GovindarajValizadeh, Rohollahvan Daalen, Kim RobinVart, PriyaVarthya, Shoban BabuVasankari, Tommi JuhaniVaziri, SiavashVerma, Madhur vermaVerras, Georgios-IoannisVo, Danh CaoWagaye, BirhanuWaheed, YasirWang, ZiyueWang, YanqingWang, CongWang, FangWassie, Gizachew TadesseWei, Melissa Y WeiWeldemariam, Abrha HailayWesterman, RonnyWickramasinghe, Nuwan DarshanaWu, YiFanWulandari, Ratna DWIXia, JuanXiao, HongXu, SuowenXu, XiaoyueYada, Dereje YYang, LinYatsuya, HiroshiYesiltepe, MetinYi, SiyanYohannis, Hunachew KibretYonemoto, NaohiroYou, YuyiZaman, Sojib BinZamora, NelsonZare, ImanZarea, KouroshZarrintan, ArminZastrozhin, Mikhail SergeevichZeru, Naod GebrekrstosZhang, Zhi-JiangZhong, ChenwenZhou, JingjingZielińska, MagdalenaZikarg, Yossef TeshomeZodpey, SanjayZoladl, MohammadZou, ZhiyongZumla, AlimuddinZuniga, Yves Miel HMagliano, Dianna JMurray, Christopher J LHay, Simon IVos, TheoDiabetes MellitusQuality-Adjusted Life YearsBackgroundDiabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. MethodsEstimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the risk-attributable type 2 diabetes burden for 16 risk factors falling under risk categories including environmental and occupational factors, tobacco use, high alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), dietary factors, and low physical activity. Using a regression framework, we forecast type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence through 2050 with Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high BMI as predictors, respectively. FindingsIn 2021, there were 529 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 500–564) people living with diabetes worldwide, and the global age-standardised total diabetes prevalence was 6·1% (5·8–6·5). At the super-region level, the highest age-standardised rates were observed in north Africa and the Middle East (9·3% [8·7–9·9]) and, at the regional level, in Oceania (12·3% [11·5–13·0]). Nationally, Qatar had the world's highest age-specific prevalence of diabetes, at 76·1% (73·1–79·5) in individuals aged 75–79 years. Total diabetes prevalence—especially among older adults—primarily reflects type 2 diabetes, which in 2021 accounted for 96·0% (95·1–96·8) of diabetes cases and 95·4% (94·9–95·9) of diabetes DALYs worldwide. In 2021, 52·2% (25·5–71·8) of global type 2 diabetes DALYs were attributable to high BMI. The contribution of high BMI to type 2 diabetes DALYs rose by 24·3% (18·5–30·4) worldwide between 1990 and 2021. By 2050, more than 1·31 billion (1·22–1·39) people are projected to have diabetes, with expected age-standardised total diabetes prevalence rates greater than 10% in two super-regions: 16·8% (16·1–17·6) in north Africa and the Middle East and 11·3% (10·8–11·9) in Latin America and Caribbean. By 2050, 89 (43·6%) of 204 countries and territories will have an age-standardised rate greater than 10%. InterpretationDiabetes remains a substantial public health issue. Type 2 diabetes, which makes up the bulk of diabetes cases, is largely preventable and, in some cases, potentially reversible if identified and managed early in the disease course. However, all evidence indicates that diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, primarily due to a rise in obesity caused by multiple factors. Preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. It is essential to better understand disparities in risk factor profiles and diabetes burden across populations, to inform strategies to successfully control diabetes risk factors within the context of multiple and complex drivers. FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Elsevier2024-06-13T09:56:02Z2023-07-21Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01301-6Ong, K. L., Stafford, L. K., McLaughlin, S. A., Boyko, E. J., Vollset, S. E., Smith, A. E., ... & Brauer, M. (2023). Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet, 402(10397), 203-234.0140-6736https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673623013016http://hdl.handle.net/10576/56146203-234103974021474-547Xenhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/561462024-07-23T15:54:00Z |
| spellingShingle | Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 Kanyin Liane, Ong Diabetes Mellitus Quality-Adjusted Life Years |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_full | Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_fullStr | Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_short | Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_sort | Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| topic | Diabetes Mellitus Quality-Adjusted Life Years |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01301-6 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673623013016 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/56146 |