Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDiabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-...

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Main Author: Kanyin Liane, Ong (author)
Other Authors: Stafford, Lauryn K (author), McLaughlin, Susan A (author), Boyko, Edward J (author), Vollset, Stein Emil (author), Smith, Amanda E (author), Dalton, Bronte E (author), Duprey, Joe (author), Cruz, Jessica A (author), Hagins, Hailey (author), Lindstedt, Paulina A (author), Aali, Amirali (author), Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis (author), Abate, Melsew Dagne (author), Abbasian, Mohammadreza (author), Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab (author), Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (author), Abd ElHafeez, Samar (author), Abd-Rabu, Rami (author), Abdulah, Deldar Morad (author), Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md (author), Abedi, Vida (author), Abidi, Hassan (author), Aboagye, Richard Gyan (author), Abolhassani, Hassan (author), Abu-Gharbieh, Eman (author), Abu-Zaid, Ahmed (author), Adane, Tigist Demssew (author), Adane, Denberu Eshetie (author), Addo, Isaac Yeboah (author), Adegboye, Oyelola A (author), Adekanmbi, Victor (author), Adepoju, Abiola Victor (author), Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah (author), Afolabi, Rotimi Felix (author), Agarwal, Gina (author), Aghdam, Zahra Babaei (author), Agudelo-Botero, Marcela (author), Aguilera Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth (author), Agyemang-Duah, Williams (author), Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku (author), Ahmad, Danish (author), Ahmad, Rizwan (author), Ahmad, Sajjad (author), Ahmad, Aqeel (author), Ahmadi, Ali (author), Ahmadi, Keivan (author), Ahmed, Ayman (author), Ahmed, Ali (author), Ahmed, Luai A (author), Ahmed, Syed Anees (author), Ajami, Marjan (author), Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola (author), Al Hamad, Hanadi (author), Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz (author), AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali (author), Alalwan, Tariq A (author), Al-Aly, Ziyad (author), AlBataineh, Mohammad T (author), Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth (author), Alemi, Sharifullah (author), Ali, Hassam (author), Alinia, Tahereh (author), Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (author), Almustanyir, Sami (author), Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M (author), Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (author), Amare, Firehiwot (author), Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena (author), Amiri, Sohrab (author), Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi (author), Andrei, Catalina Liliana (author), Anjana, Ranjit Mohan (author), Ansar, Adnan (author), Ansari, Golnoosh (author), Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza (author), Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward (author), Arabloo, Jalal (author), Aravkin, Aleksandr Y (author), Areda, Demelash (author), Arifin, Hidayat (author), Arkew, Mesay (author), Armocida, Benedetta (author), Ärnlöv, Johan (author), Artamonov, Anton A (author), Arulappan, Judie (author), Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo (author), Arumugam, Ashokan (author), Aryan, Zahra (author), Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh (author), Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad (author), Askari, Elaheh (author), Asmelash, Daniel (author), Astell-Burt, Thomas (author), Athar, Mohammad (author), Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin (author), Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi (author), Avila-Burgos, Leticia (author), Awaisu, Ahmed (author), Azadnajafabad, Sina (author), B, Darshan B (author), Babamohamadi, Hassan (author), Badar, Muhammad 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Aleksandrovna (author), Sohag, Abdullah Al Mamun (author), Soleimani, Hamidreza (author), Solikhah, Solikhah (author), Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh (author), Somayaji, Ranjani (author), Sorensen, Reed J D (author), Starodubova, Antonina V (author), Sujata, Sujata (author), Suleman, Muhammad (author), Sun, Jing (author), Sundström, Johan (author), Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael (author), Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad (author), Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir (author), Tabish, Mohammad (author), Taheri, Majid (author), Taheri, Ensiyeh (author), Taki, Elahe (author), Tamuzi, Jacques JL Lukenze (author), Tan, Ker-Kan (author), Tat, Nathan Y (author), Taye, Birhan Tsegaw (author), Temesgen, Worku Animaw (author), Temsah, Mohamad-Hani (author), Tesler, Riki (author), Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan (author), Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman (author), Thapa, Rajshree (author), Tharwat, Samar (author), Thomas, Nihal (author), Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera (author), Tiyuri, Amir (author), Tonelli, Marcello (author), Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto (author), Trico, Domenico (author), Trihandini, Indang (author), Tripathy, Jaya Prasad (author), Tromans, Samuel Joseph (author), Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom (author), Tualeka, Abdul Rohim (author), Tufa, Derara Girma (author), Tyrovolas, Stefanos (author), Ullah, Sana (author), Upadhyay, Era (author), Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad (author), Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj (author), Valizadeh, Rohollah (author), van Daalen, Kim Robin (author), Vart, Priya (author), Varthya, Shoban Babu (author), Vasankari, Tommi Juhani (author), Vaziri, Siavash (author), Verma, Madhur verma (author), Verras, Georgios-Ioannis (author), Vo, Danh Cao (author), Wagaye, Birhanu (author), Waheed, Yasir (author), Wang, Ziyue (author), Wang, Yanqing (author), Wang, Cong (author), Wang, Fang (author), Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse (author), Wei, Melissa Y Wei (author), Weldemariam, Abrha Hailay (author), Westerman, Ronny (author), Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana (author), Wu, YiFan (author), Wulandari, Ratna DWI (author), Xia, Juan (author), Xiao, Hong (author), Xu, Suowen (author), Xu, Xiaoyue (author), Yada, Dereje Y (author), Yang, Lin (author), Yatsuya, Hiroshi (author), Yesiltepe, Metin (author), Yi, Siyan (author), Yohannis, Hunachew Kibret (author), Yonemoto, Naohiro (author), You, Yuyi (author), Zaman, Sojib Bin (author), Zamora, Nelson (author), Zare, Iman (author), Zarea, Kourosh (author), Zarrintan, Armin (author), Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich (author), Zeru, Naod Gebrekrstos (author), Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (author), Zhong, Chenwen (author), Zhou, Jingjing (author), Zielińska, Magdalena (author), Zikarg, Yossef Teshome (author), Zodpey, Sanjay (author), Zoladl, Mohammad (author), Zou, Zhiyong (author), Zumla, Alimuddin (author), Zuniga, Yves Miel H (author), Magliano, Dianna J (author), Murray, Christopher J L (author), Hay, Simon I (author), Vos, Theo (author)
Format: article
Published: 2023
Subjects:
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01301-6
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673623013016
http://hdl.handle.net/10576/56146
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author Kanyin Liane, Ong
author2 Stafford, Lauryn K
McLaughlin, Susan A
Boyko, Edward J
Vollset, Stein Emil
Smith, Amanda E
Dalton, Bronte E
Duprey, Joe
Cruz, Jessica A
Hagins, Hailey
Lindstedt, Paulina A
Aali, Amirali
Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis
Abate, Melsew Dagne
Abbasian, Mohammadreza
Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab
Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
Abd ElHafeez, Samar
Abd-Rabu, Rami
Abdulah, Deldar Morad
Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md
Abedi, Vida
Abidi, Hassan
Aboagye, Richard Gyan
Abolhassani, Hassan
Abu-Gharbieh, Eman
Abu-Zaid, Ahmed
Adane, Tigist Demssew
Adane, Denberu Eshetie
Addo, Isaac Yeboah
Adegboye, Oyelola A
Adekanmbi, Victor
Adepoju, Abiola Victor
Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
Afolabi, Rotimi Felix
Agarwal, Gina
Aghdam, Zahra Babaei
Agudelo-Botero, Marcela
Aguilera Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth
Agyemang-Duah, Williams
Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku
Ahmad, Danish
Ahmad, Rizwan
Ahmad, Sajjad
Ahmad, Aqeel
Ahmadi, Ali
Ahmadi, Keivan
Ahmed, Ayman
Ahmed, Ali
Ahmed, Luai A
Ahmed, Syed Anees
Ajami, Marjan
Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola
Al Hamad, Hanadi
Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz
AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali
Alalwan, Tariq A
Al-Aly, Ziyad
AlBataineh, Mohammad T
Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth
Alemi, Sharifullah
Ali, Hassam
Alinia, Tahereh
Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
Almustanyir, Sami
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M
Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
Amare, Firehiwot
Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena
Amiri, Sohrab
Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi
Andrei, Catalina Liliana
Anjana, Ranjit Mohan
Ansar, Adnan
Ansari, Golnoosh
Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza
Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward
Arabloo, Jalal
Aravkin, Aleksandr Y
Areda, Demelash
Arifin, Hidayat
Arkew, Mesay
Armocida, Benedetta
Ärnlöv, Johan
Artamonov, Anton A
Arulappan, Judie
Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo
Arumugam, Ashokan
Aryan, Zahra
Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh
Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad
Askari, Elaheh
Asmelash, Daniel
Astell-Burt, Thomas
Athar, Mohammad
Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin
Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi
Avila-Burgos, Leticia
Awaisu, Ahmed
Azadnajafabad, Sina
B, Darshan B
Babamohamadi, Hassan
Badar, Muhammad
Badawi, Alaa
Badiye, Ashish D
Baghcheghi, Nayereh
Bagheri, Nasser
Bagherieh, Sara
Bah, Sulaiman
Bahadory, Saeed
Bai, Ruhai
Baig, Atif Amin
Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin
Baradaran, Hamid Reza
Barchitta, Martina
Bardhan, Mainak
Barengo, Noel C
Bärnighausen, Till Winfried
Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara
Barone-Adesi, Francesco
Barrow, Amadou
Bashiri, Hamideh
Basiru, Afisu
Basu, Sanjay
Basu, Saurav
Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad
Batra, Kavita
Bayih, Mulat Tirfie
Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew
Behnoush, Amir Hossein
Bekele, Alehegn Bekele
Belete, Melaku Ashagrie
Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal
Belo, Luis
Bennett, Derrick A
Bensenor, Isabela M
Berhe, Kidanemaryam
Berhie, Alemshet Yirga
Bhaskar, Sonu
Bhat, Ajay Nagesh
Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh
Bikbov, Boris
Bilal, Faiq
Bintoro, Bagas Suryo
Bitaraf, Saeid
Bitra, Veera R
Bjegovic-Mikanovic, Vesna
Bodolica, Virginia
Boloor, Archith
Brauer, Michael
Brazo-Sayavera, Javier
Brenner, Hermann
Butt, Zahid A
Calina, Daniela
Campos, Luciana Aparecida
Campos-Nonato, Ismael R
Cao, Yin
Cao, Chao
Car, Josip
Carvalho, Márcia
Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A
Catalá-López, Ferrán
Cerin, Ester
Chadwick, Joshua
Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K
Chanie, Gashaw Sisay
Charan, Jaykaran
Chattu, Vijay Kumar
Chauhan, Kirti
Cheema, Huzaifa Ahmad
Chekol Abebe, Endeshaw
Chen, Simiao
Cherbuin, Nicolas
Chichagi, Fatemeh
Chidambaram, Saravana Babu
Cho, William C S
Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan
Chowdhury, Rajiv
Chowdhury, Enayet Karim
Chu, Dinh-Toi
Chukwu, Isaac Sunday
Chung, Sheng-Chia
Coberly, Kaleb
Columbus, Alyssa
Contreras, Daniela
Cousin, Ewerton
Criqui, Michael H
Cruz-Martins, Natália
Cuschieri, Sarah
Dabo, Bashir
Dadras, Omid
Dai, Xiaochen
Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura
Dandona, Rakhi
Dandona, Lalit
Das, Saswati
Dascalu, Ana Maria
Dash, Nihar Ranjan
Dashti, Mohsen
Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto
De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa
Debele, Gebiso Roba
Delpasand, Kourosh
Demisse, Fitsum Wolde
Demissie, Getu Debalkie
Deng, Xinlei
Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar
Deo, Salil V
Dervišević, Emina
Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai
Desale, Aragaw Tesfaw
Dessie, Anteneh Mengist
Desta, Fikreab
Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman
Dey, Sourav
Dhama, Kuldeep
Dhimal, Meghnath
Diao, Nancy
Diaz, Daniel
Dinu, Monica
Diress, Mengistie
Djalalinia, Shirin
Doan, Linh Phuong
Dongarwar, Deepa
dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter
Duncan, Bruce B
Dutta, Siddhartha
Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian
Edinur, Hisham Atan
Ekholuenetale, Michael
Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus
Elgendy, Islam Y
Elhadi, Muhammed
El-Huneidi, Waseem
Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou
Elmonem, Mohamed A
Endeshaw, Destaw
Esayas, Hawi Leul
Eshetu, Habitu Birhan
Etaee, Farshid
Fadhil, Ibtihal
Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis
Fahim, Ayesha
Falahi, Shahab
Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud
Farrokhpour, Hossein
Farzadfar, Farshad
Fatehizadeh, Ali
Fazli, Ghazal
Feng, Xiaoqi
Ferede, Tomas Y
Fischer, Florian
Flood, David
Forouhari, Ali
Foroumadi, Roham
Foroutan Koudehi, Masoumeh
Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji
Gaihre, Santosh
Gaipov, Abduzhappar
Galali, Yaseen
Ganesan, Balasankar
Garcia-Gordillo, MA
Gautam, Rupesh K
Gebrehiwot, Mesfin
Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos
Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru
Getacher, Lemma
Ghadirian, Fataneh
Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi
Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad
Ghassemi, Fariba
Golechha, Mahaveer
Goleij, Pouya
Golinelli, Davide
Gopalani, Sameer Vali
Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh
Guan, Shi-Yang
Gudayu, Temesgen Worku
Guimarães, Rafael Alves
Guled, Rashid Abdi
Gupta, Rajeev
Gupta, Kartik
Gupta, Veer Bala
Gupta, Vivek Kumar
Gyawali, Bishal
Haddadi, Rasool
Hadi, Najah R
Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher
Hajibeygi, Ramtin
Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin
Halwani, Rabih
Hamidi, Samer
Hankey, Graeme J
Hannan, Md Abdul
Haque, Shafiul
Harandi, Hamid
Harlianto, Netanja I
Hasan, S M Mahmudul
Hasan, Syed Shahzad
Hasani, Hamidreza
Hassanipour, Soheil
Hassen, Mohammed Bheser
Haubold, Johannes
Hayat, Khezar
Heidari, Golnaz
Heidari, Mohammad
Hessami, Kamran
Hiraike, Yuta
Holla, Ramesh
Hossain, Sahadat
Hossain, Md Shakhaoat
Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar
Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi
Hosseinzadeh, Hassan
Huang, Junjie
Huda, Md Nazmul
Hussain, Salman
Huynh, Hong-Han
Hwang, Bing-Fang
Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel
Ikeda, Nayu
Ilic, Irena M
Ilic, Milena D
Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja
Iqbal, Afrin
Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
Islam, Rakibul M
Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah
Iso, Hiroyasu
Isola, Gaetano
Itumalla, Ramaiah
Iwagami, Masao
Iwu, Chidozie C D
Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi
Iyasu, Assefa N
Jacob, Louis
Jafarzadeh, Abdollah
Jahrami, Haitham
Jain, Rajesh
Jaja, Chinwe
Jamalpoor, Zahra
Jamshidi, Elham
Janakiraman, Balamurugan
Jayanna, Krishnamurthy
Jayapal, Sathish Kumar
Jayaram, Shubha
Jayawardena, Ranil
Jebai, Rime
Jeong, Wonjeong
Jin, Yinzi
Jokar, Mohammad
Jonas, Jost B
Joseph, Nitin
Joseph, Abel
Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma
Joukar, Farahnaz
Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
Kaambwa, Billingsley
Kabir, Ali
Kabthymer, Robel Hussen
Kadashetti, Vidya
Kahe, Farima
Kalhor, Rohollah
Kandel, Himal
Karanth, Shama D
Karaye, Ibraheem M
Karkhah, Samad
Katoto, Patrick DMC
Kaur, Navjot
Kazemian, Sina
Kebede, Sewnet Adem
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khajuria, Himanshu
Khalaji, Amirmohammad
Khan, Moien AB
Khan, Maseer
Khan, Ajmal
Khanal, Saval
Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad
Khater, Amir M
Khateri, Sorour
khorashadizadeh, Fatemeh
Khubchandani, Jagdish
Kibret, Biruk Getahun
Kim, Min Seo
Kimokoti, Ruth W
Kisa, Adnan
Kivimäki, Mika
Kolahi, Ali-Asghar
Komaki, Somayeh
Kompani, Farzad
Koohestani, Hamid Reza
Korzh, Oleksii
Kostev, Karel
Kothari, Nikhil
Koyanagi, Ai
Krishan, Kewal
Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj
Kuate Defo, Barthelemy
Kuddus, Mohammed
Kuddus, Md Abdul
Kumar, Rakesh
Kumar, Harish
Kundu, Satyajit
Kurniasari, Maria Dyah
Kuttikkattu, Ambily
La Vecchia, Carlo
Lallukka, Tea
Larijani, Bagher
Larsson, Anders O
Latief, Kamaluddin
Lawal, Basira Kankia
Le, Thao Thi Thu
Le, Trang Thi Bich
Lee, Shaun Wen Huey
Lee, Munjae
Lee, Wei-Chen
Lee, Paul H
Lee, Sang-woong
Lee, Seung Won
Legesse, Samson Mideksa
Lenzi, Jacopo
Li, Yongze
Li, Ming-Chieh
Lim, Stephen S
Lim, Lee-Ling
Liu, Xuefeng
Liu, Chaojie
Lo, Chun-Han
Lopes, Graciliana
Lorkowski, Stefan
Lozano, Rafael
Lucchetti, Giancarlo
Maghazachi, Azzam A
Mahasha, Phetole Walter
Mahjoub, Soleiman
Mahmoud, Mansour Adam
Mahmoudi, Razzagh
Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh
Mai, Anh Tuan
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Majma Sanaye, Pantea
Makris, Konstantinos Christos
Malhotra, Kashish
Malik, Ahmad Azam
Malik, Iram
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Malta, Deborah Carvalho
Mamun, Abdullah A
Mansouri, Borhan
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Mardi, Parham
Martini, Santi
Martorell, Miquel
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Miao Jonasson, Junmei
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Michalek, Irmina Maria
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Mini, GK
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Mirfakhraie, Reza
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Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad
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Mohammadi, Esmaeil
Mohammadi, Mohsen
Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah
Mohammadshahi, Marita
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Mojiri-forushani, Hoda
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Monasta, Lorenzo
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Montazeri, Fateme
Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli
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Moradi, Maryam
Moradi Sarabi, Mostafa
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Morrison, Shane Douglas
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Mulita, Admir
Murillo-Zamora, Efrén
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Nainu, Firzan
Nair, Tapas Sadasivan
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Nauman, Javaid
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Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini
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Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles
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Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe
Oancea, Bogdan
Odogwu, Nkechi Martina
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Ojha, Vivek Anand
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Okonji, Osaretin Christabel
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Ortiz, Alberto
Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi
Oulhaj, Abderrahim
Owolabi, Mayowa O
Padron-Monedero, Alicia
Padubidri, Jagadish Rao
Palladino, Raffaele
Panagiotakos, Demosthenes
Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
Pandey, Ashok
Pandey, Anamika
Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R
Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela
Pardhan, Shahina
Parekh, Tarang
Parekh, Utsav
Pasovic, Maja
Patel, Jay
Patel, Jenil R
Paudel, Uttam
Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino
Pereira, Marcos
Perico, Norberto
Perna, Simone
Petcu, Ionela-Roxana
Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily
Podder, Vivek
Postma, Maarten J
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Prates, Elton Junio Sady
Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd
Qattea, Ibrahim
Raee, Pourya
Rafique, Ibrar
Rahimi, Mehran
Rahimifard, Mahban
Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
Rahman, Md Obaidur
Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur
Rahman, Mosiur
Rahman, Md Mosfequr
Rahmani, Mohamed
Rahmani, Shayan
Rahmanian, Vahid
Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum
Rahnavard, Niloufar
Rajbhandari, Bibek
Ram, Pradhum
Ramazanu, Sheena
Rana, Juwel
Rancic, Nemanja
Ranjha, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz
Rao, Chythra R
Rapaka, Deepthi
Rasali, Drona Prakash
Rashedi, Sina
Rashedi, Vahid
Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa
Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi
Ratan, Zubair Ahmed
Rawaf, Salman
Rawal, Lal
Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed
Remuzzi, Giuseppe
Rengasamy, Kannan RR
Renzaho, Andre M N
Reyes, Luis Felipe
Rezaei, Nima
Rezaei, Nazila
Rezaeian, Mohsen
Rezazadeh, Hossein
Riahi, Seyed Mohammad
Rias, Yohanes Andy
Riaz, Muhammad
Ribeiro, Daniela
Rodrigues, Mónica
Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia
Roever, Leonardo
Rohloff, Peter
Roshandel, Gholamreza
Roustazadeh, Abazar
Rwegerera, Godfrey M
Saad, Aly M A
Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed
Sabour, Siamak
Sabzmakan, Leila
Saddik, Basema
Sadeghi, Erfan
Saeed, Umar
Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar
Safi, Sare
Safi, Sher Zaman
Saghazadeh, Amene
Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes
Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh
Sahebkar, Amirhossein
Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop
Sahoo, Harihar
Saif-Ur-Rahman, KM
Sajid, Mirza Rizwan
Salahi, Sarvenaz
Salahi, Saina
Saleh, Mohamed A
Salehi, Mohammad Amin
Salomon, Joshua A
Sanabria, Juan
Sanjeev, Rama Krishna
Sanmarchi, Francesco
Santric-Milicevic, Milena M
Sarasmita, Made Ary
Sargazi, Saman
Sathian, Brijesh
Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu
Sawhney, Monika
Schlaich, Markus P
Schmidt, Maria Inês
Schuermans, Art
Seidu, Abdul-Aziz
Senthil Kumar, Nachimuthu
Sepanlou, Sadaf G
Sethi, Yashendra
Seylani, Allen
Shabany, Maryam
Shafaghat, Tahereh
Shafeghat, Melika
Shafie, Mahan
Shah, Nilay S
Shahid, Samiah
Shaikh, Masood Ali
Shanawaz, Mohd
Shannawaz, Mohammed
Sharfaei, Sadaf
Shashamo, Bereket Beyene
Shiri, Rahman
Shittu, Aminu
Shivakumar, K M
Shivalli, Siddharudha
Shobeiri, Parnian
Shokri, Fereshteh
Shuval, Kerem
Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen
Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues
Simpson, Colin R
Singh, Jasvinder A
Singh, Paramdeep
Singh, Surjit
Siraj, Md Shahjahan
Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna
Sohag, Abdullah Al Mamun
Soleimani, Hamidreza
Solikhah, Solikhah
Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh
Somayaji, Ranjani
Sorensen, Reed J D
Starodubova, Antonina V
Sujata, Sujata
Suleman, Muhammad
Sun, Jing
Sundström, Johan
Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael
Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad
Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir
Tabish, Mohammad
Taheri, Majid
Taheri, Ensiyeh
Taki, Elahe
Tamuzi, Jacques JL Lukenze
Tan, Ker-Kan
Tat, Nathan Y
Taye, Birhan Tsegaw
Temesgen, Worku Animaw
Temsah, Mohamad-Hani
Tesler, Riki
Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan
Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman
Thapa, Rajshree
Tharwat, Samar
Thomas, Nihal
Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera
Tiyuri, Amir
Tonelli, Marcello
Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto
Trico, Domenico
Trihandini, Indang
Tripathy, Jaya Prasad
Tromans, Samuel Joseph
Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom
Tualeka, Abdul Rohim
Tufa, Derara Girma
Tyrovolas, Stefanos
Ullah, Sana
Upadhyay, Era
Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad
Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj
Valizadeh, Rohollah
van Daalen, Kim Robin
Vart, Priya
Varthya, Shoban Babu
Vasankari, Tommi Juhani
Vaziri, Siavash
Verma, Madhur verma
Verras, Georgios-Ioannis
Vo, Danh Cao
Wagaye, Birhanu
Waheed, Yasir
Wang, Ziyue
Wang, Yanqing
Wang, Cong
Wang, Fang
Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse
Wei, Melissa Y Wei
Weldemariam, Abrha Hailay
Westerman, Ronny
Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana
Wu, YiFan
Wulandari, Ratna DWI
Xia, Juan
Xiao, Hong
Xu, Suowen
Xu, Xiaoyue
Yada, Dereje Y
Yang, Lin
Yatsuya, Hiroshi
Yesiltepe, Metin
Yi, Siyan
Yohannis, Hunachew Kibret
Yonemoto, Naohiro
You, Yuyi
Zaman, Sojib Bin
Zamora, Nelson
Zare, Iman
Zarea, Kourosh
Zarrintan, Armin
Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich
Zeru, Naod Gebrekrstos
Zhang, Zhi-Jiang
Zhong, Chenwen
Zhou, Jingjing
Zielińska, Magdalena
Zikarg, Yossef Teshome
Zodpey, Sanjay
Zoladl, Mohammad
Zou, Zhiyong
Zumla, Alimuddin
Zuniga, Yves Miel H
Magliano, Dianna J
Murray, Christopher J L
Hay, Simon I
Vos, Theo
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author_facet Kanyin Liane, Ong
Stafford, Lauryn K
McLaughlin, Susan A
Boyko, Edward J
Vollset, Stein Emil
Smith, Amanda E
Dalton, Bronte E
Duprey, Joe
Cruz, Jessica A
Hagins, Hailey
Lindstedt, Paulina A
Aali, Amirali
Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis
Abate, Melsew Dagne
Abbasian, Mohammadreza
Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab
Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
Abd ElHafeez, Samar
Abd-Rabu, Rami
Abdulah, Deldar Morad
Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md
Abedi, Vida
Abidi, Hassan
Aboagye, Richard Gyan
Abolhassani, Hassan
Abu-Gharbieh, Eman
Abu-Zaid, Ahmed
Adane, Tigist Demssew
Adane, Denberu Eshetie
Addo, Isaac Yeboah
Adegboye, Oyelola A
Adekanmbi, Victor
Adepoju, Abiola Victor
Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
Afolabi, Rotimi Felix
Agarwal, Gina
Aghdam, Zahra Babaei
Agudelo-Botero, Marcela
Aguilera Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth
Agyemang-Duah, Williams
Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku
Ahmad, Danish
Ahmad, Rizwan
Ahmad, Sajjad
Ahmad, Aqeel
Ahmadi, Ali
Ahmadi, Keivan
Ahmed, Ayman
Ahmed, Ali
Ahmed, Luai A
Ahmed, Syed Anees
Ajami, Marjan
Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola
Al Hamad, Hanadi
Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz
AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali
Alalwan, Tariq A
Al-Aly, Ziyad
AlBataineh, Mohammad T
Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth
Alemi, Sharifullah
Ali, Hassam
Alinia, Tahereh
Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
Almustanyir, Sami
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M
Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
Amare, Firehiwot
Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena
Amiri, Sohrab
Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi
Andrei, Catalina Liliana
Anjana, Ranjit Mohan
Ansar, Adnan
Ansari, Golnoosh
Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza
Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward
Arabloo, Jalal
Aravkin, Aleksandr Y
Areda, Demelash
Arifin, Hidayat
Arkew, Mesay
Armocida, Benedetta
Ärnlöv, Johan
Artamonov, Anton A
Arulappan, Judie
Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo
Arumugam, Ashokan
Aryan, Zahra
Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh
Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad
Askari, Elaheh
Asmelash, Daniel
Astell-Burt, Thomas
Athar, Mohammad
Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin
Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi
Avila-Burgos, Leticia
Awaisu, Ahmed
Azadnajafabad, Sina
B, Darshan B
Babamohamadi, Hassan
Badar, Muhammad
Badawi, Alaa
Badiye, Ashish D
Baghcheghi, Nayereh
Bagheri, Nasser
Bagherieh, Sara
Bah, Sulaiman
Bahadory, Saeed
Bai, Ruhai
Baig, Atif Amin
Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin
Baradaran, Hamid Reza
Barchitta, Martina
Bardhan, Mainak
Barengo, Noel C
Bärnighausen, Till Winfried
Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara
Barone-Adesi, Francesco
Barrow, Amadou
Bashiri, Hamideh
Basiru, Afisu
Basu, Sanjay
Basu, Saurav
Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad
Batra, Kavita
Bayih, Mulat Tirfie
Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew
Behnoush, Amir Hossein
Bekele, Alehegn Bekele
Belete, Melaku Ashagrie
Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal
Belo, Luis
Bennett, Derrick A
Bensenor, Isabela M
Berhe, Kidanemaryam
Berhie, Alemshet Yirga
Bhaskar, Sonu
Bhat, Ajay Nagesh
Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh
Bikbov, Boris
Bilal, Faiq
Bintoro, Bagas Suryo
Bitaraf, Saeid
Bitra, Veera R
Bjegovic-Mikanovic, Vesna
Bodolica, Virginia
Boloor, Archith
Brauer, Michael
Brazo-Sayavera, Javier
Brenner, Hermann
Butt, Zahid A
Calina, Daniela
Campos, Luciana Aparecida
Campos-Nonato, Ismael R
Cao, Yin
Cao, Chao
Car, Josip
Carvalho, Márcia
Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A
Catalá-López, Ferrán
Cerin, Ester
Chadwick, Joshua
Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K
Chanie, Gashaw Sisay
Charan, Jaykaran
Chattu, Vijay Kumar
Chauhan, Kirti
Cheema, Huzaifa Ahmad
Chekol Abebe, Endeshaw
Chen, Simiao
Cherbuin, Nicolas
Chichagi, Fatemeh
Chidambaram, Saravana Babu
Cho, William C S
Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan
Chowdhury, Rajiv
Chowdhury, Enayet Karim
Chu, Dinh-Toi
Chukwu, Isaac Sunday
Chung, Sheng-Chia
Coberly, Kaleb
Columbus, Alyssa
Contreras, Daniela
Cousin, Ewerton
Criqui, Michael H
Cruz-Martins, Natália
Cuschieri, Sarah
Dabo, Bashir
Dadras, Omid
Dai, Xiaochen
Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura
Dandona, Rakhi
Dandona, Lalit
Das, Saswati
Dascalu, Ana Maria
Dash, Nihar Ranjan
Dashti, Mohsen
Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto
De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa
Debele, Gebiso Roba
Delpasand, Kourosh
Demisse, Fitsum Wolde
Demissie, Getu Debalkie
Deng, Xinlei
Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar
Deo, Salil V
Dervišević, Emina
Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai
Desale, Aragaw Tesfaw
Dessie, Anteneh Mengist
Desta, Fikreab
Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman
Dey, Sourav
Dhama, Kuldeep
Dhimal, Meghnath
Diao, Nancy
Diaz, Daniel
Dinu, Monica
Diress, Mengistie
Djalalinia, Shirin
Doan, Linh Phuong
Dongarwar, Deepa
dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter
Duncan, Bruce B
Dutta, Siddhartha
Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian
Edinur, Hisham Atan
Ekholuenetale, Michael
Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus
Elgendy, Islam Y
Elhadi, Muhammed
El-Huneidi, Waseem
Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou
Elmonem, Mohamed A
Endeshaw, Destaw
Esayas, Hawi Leul
Eshetu, Habitu Birhan
Etaee, Farshid
Fadhil, Ibtihal
Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis
Fahim, Ayesha
Falahi, Shahab
Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud
Farrokhpour, Hossein
Farzadfar, Farshad
Fatehizadeh, Ali
Fazli, Ghazal
Feng, Xiaoqi
Ferede, Tomas Y
Fischer, Florian
Flood, David
Forouhari, Ali
Foroumadi, Roham
Foroutan Koudehi, Masoumeh
Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji
Gaihre, Santosh
Gaipov, Abduzhappar
Galali, Yaseen
Ganesan, Balasankar
Garcia-Gordillo, MA
Gautam, Rupesh K
Gebrehiwot, Mesfin
Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos
Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru
Getacher, Lemma
Ghadirian, Fataneh
Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi
Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad
Ghassemi, Fariba
Golechha, Mahaveer
Goleij, Pouya
Golinelli, Davide
Gopalani, Sameer Vali
Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh
Guan, Shi-Yang
Gudayu, Temesgen Worku
Guimarães, Rafael Alves
Guled, Rashid Abdi
Gupta, Rajeev
Gupta, Kartik
Gupta, Veer Bala
Gupta, Vivek Kumar
Gyawali, Bishal
Haddadi, Rasool
Hadi, Najah R
Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher
Hajibeygi, Ramtin
Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin
Halwani, Rabih
Hamidi, Samer
Hankey, Graeme J
Hannan, Md Abdul
Haque, Shafiul
Harandi, Hamid
Harlianto, Netanja I
Hasan, S M Mahmudul
Hasan, Syed Shahzad
Hasani, Hamidreza
Hassanipour, Soheil
Hassen, Mohammed Bheser
Haubold, Johannes
Hayat, Khezar
Heidari, Golnaz
Heidari, Mohammad
Hessami, Kamran
Hiraike, Yuta
Holla, Ramesh
Hossain, Sahadat
Hossain, Md Shakhaoat
Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar
Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi
Hosseinzadeh, Hassan
Huang, Junjie
Huda, Md Nazmul
Hussain, Salman
Huynh, Hong-Han
Hwang, Bing-Fang
Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel
Ikeda, Nayu
Ilic, Irena M
Ilic, Milena D
Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja
Iqbal, Afrin
Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
Islam, Rakibul M
Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah
Iso, Hiroyasu
Isola, Gaetano
Itumalla, Ramaiah
Iwagami, Masao
Iwu, Chidozie C D
Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi
Iyasu, Assefa N
Jacob, Louis
Jafarzadeh, Abdollah
Jahrami, Haitham
Jain, Rajesh
Jaja, Chinwe
Jamalpoor, Zahra
Jamshidi, Elham
Janakiraman, Balamurugan
Jayanna, Krishnamurthy
Jayapal, Sathish Kumar
Jayaram, Shubha
Jayawardena, Ranil
Jebai, Rime
Jeong, Wonjeong
Jin, Yinzi
Jokar, Mohammad
Jonas, Jost B
Joseph, Nitin
Joseph, Abel
Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma
Joukar, Farahnaz
Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
Kaambwa, Billingsley
Kabir, Ali
Kabthymer, Robel Hussen
Kadashetti, Vidya
Kahe, Farima
Kalhor, Rohollah
Kandel, Himal
Karanth, Shama D
Karaye, Ibraheem M
Karkhah, Samad
Katoto, Patrick DMC
Kaur, Navjot
Kazemian, Sina
Kebede, Sewnet Adem
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khajuria, Himanshu
Khalaji, Amirmohammad
Khan, Moien AB
Khan, Maseer
Khan, Ajmal
Khanal, Saval
Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad
Khater, Amir M
Khateri, Sorour
khorashadizadeh, Fatemeh
Khubchandani, Jagdish
Kibret, Biruk Getahun
Kim, Min Seo
Kimokoti, Ruth W
Kisa, Adnan
Kivimäki, Mika
Kolahi, Ali-Asghar
Komaki, Somayeh
Kompani, Farzad
Koohestani, Hamid Reza
Korzh, Oleksii
Kostev, Karel
Kothari, Nikhil
Koyanagi, Ai
Krishan, Kewal
Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj
Kuate Defo, Barthelemy
Kuddus, Mohammed
Kuddus, Md Abdul
Kumar, Rakesh
Kumar, Harish
Kundu, Satyajit
Kurniasari, Maria Dyah
Kuttikkattu, Ambily
La Vecchia, Carlo
Lallukka, Tea
Larijani, Bagher
Larsson, Anders O
Latief, Kamaluddin
Lawal, Basira Kankia
Le, Thao Thi Thu
Le, Trang Thi Bich
Lee, Shaun Wen Huey
Lee, Munjae
Lee, Wei-Chen
Lee, Paul H
Lee, Sang-woong
Lee, Seung Won
Legesse, Samson Mideksa
Lenzi, Jacopo
Li, Yongze
Li, Ming-Chieh
Lim, Stephen S
Lim, Lee-Ling
Liu, Xuefeng
Liu, Chaojie
Lo, Chun-Han
Lopes, Graciliana
Lorkowski, Stefan
Lozano, Rafael
Lucchetti, Giancarlo
Maghazachi, Azzam A
Mahasha, Phetole Walter
Mahjoub, Soleiman
Mahmoud, Mansour Adam
Mahmoudi, Razzagh
Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh
Mai, Anh Tuan
Majeed, Azeem
Majma Sanaye, Pantea
Makris, Konstantinos Christos
Malhotra, Kashish
Malik, Ahmad Azam
Malik, Iram
Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain
Malta, Deborah Carvalho
Mamun, Abdullah A
Mansouri, Borhan
Marateb, Hamid Reza
Mardi, Parham
Martini, Santi
Martorell, Miquel
Marzo, Roy Rillera
Masoudi, Reza
Masoudi, Sahar
Mathews, Elezebeth
Maugeri, Andrea
Mazzaglia, Giampiero
Mekonnen, Teferi
Meshkat, Mahboobeh
Mestrovic, Tomislav
Miao Jonasson, Junmei
Miazgowski, Tomasz
Michalek, Irmina Maria
Minh, Le Huu Nhat
Mini, GK
Miranda, J Jaime
Mirfakhraie, Reza
Mirrakhimov, Erkin M
Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad
Misganaw, Awoke
Misgina, Kebede Haile
Mishra, Manish
Moazen, Babak
Mohamed, Nouh Saad
Mohammadi, Esmaeil
Mohammadi, Mohsen
Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah
Mohammadshahi, Marita
Mohseni, Alireza
Mojiri-forushani, Hoda
Mokdad, Ali H
Momtazmanesh, Sara
Monasta, Lorenzo
Moniruzzaman, Md
Mons, Ute
Montazeri, Fateme
Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli
Moradi, Yousef
Moradi, Maryam
Moradi Sarabi, Mostafa
Morovatdar, Negar
Morrison, Shane Douglas
Morze, Jakub
Mossialos, Elias
Mostafavi, Ebrahim
Mueller, Ulrich Otto
Mulita, Francesk
Mulita, Admir
Murillo-Zamora, Efrén
Musa, Kamarul Imran
Mwita, Julius C
Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad
Naghavi, Mohsen
Nainu, Firzan
Nair, Tapas Sadasivan
Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid
Nangia, Vinay
Nargus, Shumaila
Naser, Abdallah Y
Nassereldine, Hasan
Natto, Zuhair S
Nauman, Javaid
Nayak, Biswa Prakash
Ndejjo, Rawlance
Negash, Hadush
Negoi, Ruxandra Irina
Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien
Nguyen, Dang H
Nguyen, Phat Tuan
Nguyen, Van Thanh
Nguyen, Hien Quang
Niazi, Robina Khan
Nigatu, Yeshambel T
Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini
Nizam, Muhammad A
Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles
Noreen, Mamoona
Noubiap, Jean Jacques
Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet
Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe
Oancea, Bogdan
Odogwu, Nkechi Martina
Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade
Ojha, Vivek Anand
Okati-Aliabad, Hassan
Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul
Okonji, Osaretin Christabel
Okwute, Patrick Godwin
Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa
Onwujekwe, Obinna E
Ordak, Michal
Ortiz, Alberto
Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi
Oulhaj, Abderrahim
Owolabi, Mayowa O
Padron-Monedero, Alicia
Padubidri, Jagadish Rao
Palladino, Raffaele
Panagiotakos, Demosthenes
Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
Pandey, Ashok
Pandey, Anamika
Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R
Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela
Pardhan, Shahina
Parekh, Tarang
Parekh, Utsav
Pasovic, Maja
Patel, Jay
Patel, Jenil R
Paudel, Uttam
Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino
Pereira, Marcos
Perico, Norberto
Perna, Simone
Petcu, Ionela-Roxana
Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily
Podder, Vivek
Postma, Maarten J
Pourali, Ghazaleh
Pourtaheri, Naeimeh
Prates, Elton Junio Sady
Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd
Qattea, Ibrahim
Raee, Pourya
Rafique, Ibrar
Rahimi, Mehran
Rahimifard, Mahban
Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
Rahman, Md Obaidur
Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur
Rahman, Mosiur
Rahman, Md Mosfequr
Rahmani, Mohamed
Rahmani, Shayan
Rahmanian, Vahid
Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum
Rahnavard, Niloufar
Rajbhandari, Bibek
Ram, Pradhum
Ramazanu, Sheena
Rana, Juwel
Rancic, Nemanja
Ranjha, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz
Rao, Chythra R
Rapaka, Deepthi
Rasali, Drona Prakash
Rashedi, Sina
Rashedi, Vahid
Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa
Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi
Ratan, Zubair Ahmed
Rawaf, Salman
Rawal, Lal
Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed
Remuzzi, Giuseppe
Rengasamy, Kannan RR
Renzaho, Andre M N
Reyes, Luis Felipe
Rezaei, Nima
Rezaei, Nazila
Rezaeian, Mohsen
Rezazadeh, Hossein
Riahi, Seyed Mohammad
Rias, Yohanes Andy
Riaz, Muhammad
Ribeiro, Daniela
Rodrigues, Mónica
Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia
Roever, Leonardo
Rohloff, Peter
Roshandel, Gholamreza
Roustazadeh, Abazar
Rwegerera, Godfrey M
Saad, Aly M A
Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed
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Sabzmakan, Leila
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Sadeghi, Erfan
Saeed, Umar
Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar
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Safi, Sher Zaman
Saghazadeh, Amene
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Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh
Sahebkar, Amirhossein
Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop
Sahoo, Harihar
Saif-Ur-Rahman, KM
Sajid, Mirza Rizwan
Salahi, Sarvenaz
Salahi, Saina
Saleh, Mohamed A
Salehi, Mohammad Amin
Salomon, Joshua A
Sanabria, Juan
Sanjeev, Rama Krishna
Sanmarchi, Francesco
Santric-Milicevic, Milena M
Sarasmita, Made Ary
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Sathian, Brijesh
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Sawhney, Monika
Schlaich, Markus P
Schmidt, Maria Inês
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Senthil Kumar, Nachimuthu
Sepanlou, Sadaf G
Sethi, Yashendra
Seylani, Allen
Shabany, Maryam
Shafaghat, Tahereh
Shafeghat, Melika
Shafie, Mahan
Shah, Nilay S
Shahid, Samiah
Shaikh, Masood Ali
Shanawaz, Mohd
Shannawaz, Mohammed
Sharfaei, Sadaf
Shashamo, Bereket Beyene
Shiri, Rahman
Shittu, Aminu
Shivakumar, K M
Shivalli, Siddharudha
Shobeiri, Parnian
Shokri, Fereshteh
Shuval, Kerem
Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen
Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues
Simpson, Colin R
Singh, Jasvinder A
Singh, Paramdeep
Singh, Surjit
Siraj, Md Shahjahan
Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna
Sohag, Abdullah Al Mamun
Soleimani, Hamidreza
Solikhah, Solikhah
Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh
Somayaji, Ranjani
Sorensen, Reed J D
Starodubova, Antonina V
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Suleman, Muhammad
Sun, Jing
Sundström, Johan
Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael
Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad
Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir
Tabish, Mohammad
Taheri, Majid
Taheri, Ensiyeh
Taki, Elahe
Tamuzi, Jacques JL Lukenze
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Tat, Nathan Y
Taye, Birhan Tsegaw
Temesgen, Worku Animaw
Temsah, Mohamad-Hani
Tesler, Riki
Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan
Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman
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Tharwat, Samar
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Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera
Tiyuri, Amir
Tonelli, Marcello
Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto
Trico, Domenico
Trihandini, Indang
Tripathy, Jaya Prasad
Tromans, Samuel Joseph
Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom
Tualeka, Abdul Rohim
Tufa, Derara Girma
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Verma, Madhur verma
Verras, Georgios-Ioannis
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Wagaye, Birhanu
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Wang, Cong
Wang, Fang
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Yada, Dereje Y
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Yonemoto, Naohiro
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Zaman, Sojib Bin
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Zare, Iman
Zarea, Kourosh
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Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich
Zeru, Naod Gebrekrstos
Zhang, Zhi-Jiang
Zhong, Chenwen
Zhou, Jingjing
Zielińska, Magdalena
Zikarg, Yossef Teshome
Zodpey, Sanjay
Zoladl, Mohammad
Zou, Zhiyong
Zumla, Alimuddin
Zuniga, Yves Miel H
Magliano, Dianna J
Murray, Christopher J L
Hay, Simon I
Vos, Theo
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Kanyin Liane, Ong
Stafford, Lauryn K
McLaughlin, Susan A
Boyko, Edward J
Vollset, Stein Emil
Smith, Amanda E
Dalton, Bronte E
Duprey, Joe
Cruz, Jessica A
Hagins, Hailey
Lindstedt, Paulina A
Aali, Amirali
Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis
Abate, Melsew Dagne
Abbasian, Mohammadreza
Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab
Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
Abd ElHafeez, Samar
Abd-Rabu, Rami
Abdulah, Deldar Morad
Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md
Abedi, Vida
Abidi, Hassan
Aboagye, Richard Gyan
Abolhassani, Hassan
Abu-Gharbieh, Eman
Abu-Zaid, Ahmed
Adane, Tigist Demssew
Adane, Denberu Eshetie
Addo, Isaac Yeboah
Adegboye, Oyelola A
Adekanmbi, Victor
Adepoju, Abiola Victor
Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
Afolabi, Rotimi Felix
Agarwal, Gina
Aghdam, Zahra Babaei
Agudelo-Botero, Marcela
Aguilera Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth
Agyemang-Duah, Williams
Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku
Ahmad, Danish
Ahmad, Rizwan
Ahmad, Sajjad
Ahmad, Aqeel
Ahmadi, Ali
Ahmadi, Keivan
Ahmed, Ayman
Ahmed, Ali
Ahmed, Luai A
Ahmed, Syed Anees
Ajami, Marjan
Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola
Al Hamad, Hanadi
Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz
AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali
Alalwan, Tariq A
Al-Aly, Ziyad
AlBataineh, Mohammad T
Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth
Alemi, Sharifullah
Ali, Hassam
Alinia, Tahereh
Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
Almustanyir, Sami
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M
Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
Amare, Firehiwot
Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena
Amiri, Sohrab
Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi
Andrei, Catalina Liliana
Anjana, Ranjit Mohan
Ansar, Adnan
Ansari, Golnoosh
Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza
Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward
Arabloo, Jalal
Aravkin, Aleksandr Y
Areda, Demelash
Arifin, Hidayat
Arkew, Mesay
Armocida, Benedetta
Ärnlöv, Johan
Artamonov, Anton A
Arulappan, Judie
Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo
Arumugam, Ashokan
Aryan, Zahra
Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh
Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad
Askari, Elaheh
Asmelash, Daniel
Astell-Burt, Thomas
Athar, Mohammad
Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin
Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi
Avila-Burgos, Leticia
Awaisu, Ahmed
Azadnajafabad, Sina
B, Darshan B
Babamohamadi, Hassan
Badar, Muhammad
Badawi, Alaa
Badiye, Ashish D
Baghcheghi, Nayereh
Bagheri, Nasser
Bagherieh, Sara
Bah, Sulaiman
Bahadory, Saeed
Bai, Ruhai
Baig, Atif Amin
Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin
Baradaran, Hamid Reza
Barchitta, Martina
Bardhan, Mainak
Barengo, Noel C
Bärnighausen, Till Winfried
Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara
Barone-Adesi, Francesco
Barrow, Amadou
Bashiri, Hamideh
Basiru, Afisu
Basu, Sanjay
Basu, Saurav
Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad
Batra, Kavita
Bayih, Mulat Tirfie
Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew
Behnoush, Amir Hossein
Bekele, Alehegn Bekele
Belete, Melaku Ashagrie
Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal
Belo, Luis
Bennett, Derrick A
Bensenor, Isabela M
Berhe, Kidanemaryam
Berhie, Alemshet Yirga
Bhaskar, Sonu
Bhat, Ajay Nagesh
Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh
Bikbov, Boris
Bilal, Faiq
Bintoro, Bagas Suryo
Bitaraf, Saeid
Bitra, Veera R
Bjegovic-Mikanovic, Vesna
Bodolica, Virginia
Boloor, Archith
Brauer, Michael
Brazo-Sayavera, Javier
Brenner, Hermann
Butt, Zahid A
Calina, Daniela
Campos, Luciana Aparecida
Campos-Nonato, Ismael R
Cao, Yin
Cao, Chao
Car, Josip
Carvalho, Márcia
Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A
Catalá-López, Ferrán
Cerin, Ester
Chadwick, Joshua
Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K
Chanie, Gashaw Sisay
Charan, Jaykaran
Chattu, Vijay Kumar
Chauhan, Kirti
Cheema, Huzaifa Ahmad
Chekol Abebe, Endeshaw
Chen, Simiao
Cherbuin, Nicolas
Chichagi, Fatemeh
Chidambaram, Saravana Babu
Cho, William C S
Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan
Chowdhury, Rajiv
Chowdhury, Enayet Karim
Chu, Dinh-Toi
Chukwu, Isaac Sunday
Chung, Sheng-Chia
Coberly, Kaleb
Columbus, Alyssa
Contreras, Daniela
Cousin, Ewerton
Criqui, Michael H
Cruz-Martins, Natália
Cuschieri, Sarah
Dabo, Bashir
Dadras, Omid
Dai, Xiaochen
Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura
Dandona, Rakhi
Dandona, Lalit
Das, Saswati
Dascalu, Ana Maria
Dash, Nihar Ranjan
Dashti, Mohsen
Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto
De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa
Debele, Gebiso Roba
Delpasand, Kourosh
Demisse, Fitsum Wolde
Demissie, Getu Debalkie
Deng, Xinlei
Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar
Deo, Salil V
Dervišević, Emina
Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai
Desale, Aragaw Tesfaw
Dessie, Anteneh Mengist
Desta, Fikreab
Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman
Dey, Sourav
Dhama, Kuldeep
Dhimal, Meghnath
Diao, Nancy
Diaz, Daniel
Dinu, Monica
Diress, Mengistie
Djalalinia, Shirin
Doan, Linh Phuong
Dongarwar, Deepa
dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter
Duncan, Bruce B
Dutta, Siddhartha
Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian
Edinur, Hisham Atan
Ekholuenetale, Michael
Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus
Elgendy, Islam Y
Elhadi, Muhammed
El-Huneidi, Waseem
Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou
Elmonem, Mohamed A
Endeshaw, Destaw
Esayas, Hawi Leul
Eshetu, Habitu Birhan
Etaee, Farshid
Fadhil, Ibtihal
Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis
Fahim, Ayesha
Falahi, Shahab
Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud
Farrokhpour, Hossein
Farzadfar, Farshad
Fatehizadeh, Ali
Fazli, Ghazal
Feng, Xiaoqi
Ferede, Tomas Y
Fischer, Florian
Flood, David
Forouhari, Ali
Foroumadi, Roham
Foroutan Koudehi, Masoumeh
Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji
Gaihre, Santosh
Gaipov, Abduzhappar
Galali, Yaseen
Ganesan, Balasankar
Garcia-Gordillo, MA
Gautam, Rupesh K
Gebrehiwot, Mesfin
Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos
Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru
Getacher, Lemma
Ghadirian, Fataneh
Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi
Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad
Ghassemi, Fariba
Golechha, Mahaveer
Goleij, Pouya
Golinelli, Davide
Gopalani, Sameer Vali
Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh
Guan, Shi-Yang
Gudayu, Temesgen Worku
Guimarães, Rafael Alves
Guled, Rashid Abdi
Gupta, Rajeev
Gupta, Kartik
Gupta, Veer Bala
Gupta, Vivek Kumar
Gyawali, Bishal
Haddadi, Rasool
Hadi, Najah R
Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher
Hajibeygi, Ramtin
Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin
Halwani, Rabih
Hamidi, Samer
Hankey, Graeme J
Hannan, Md Abdul
Haque, Shafiul
Harandi, Hamid
Harlianto, Netanja I
Hasan, S M Mahmudul
Hasan, Syed Shahzad
Hasani, Hamidreza
Hassanipour, Soheil
Hassen, Mohammed Bheser
Haubold, Johannes
Hayat, Khezar
Heidari, Golnaz
Heidari, Mohammad
Hessami, Kamran
Hiraike, Yuta
Holla, Ramesh
Hossain, Sahadat
Hossain, Md Shakhaoat
Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar
Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi
Hosseinzadeh, Hassan
Huang, Junjie
Huda, Md Nazmul
Hussain, Salman
Huynh, Hong-Han
Hwang, Bing-Fang
Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel
Ikeda, Nayu
Ilic, Irena M
Ilic, Milena D
Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja
Iqbal, Afrin
Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
Islam, Rakibul M
Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah
Iso, Hiroyasu
Isola, Gaetano
Itumalla, Ramaiah
Iwagami, Masao
Iwu, Chidozie C D
Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi
Iyasu, Assefa N
Jacob, Louis
Jafarzadeh, Abdollah
Jahrami, Haitham
Jain, Rajesh
Jaja, Chinwe
Jamalpoor, Zahra
Jamshidi, Elham
Janakiraman, Balamurugan
Jayanna, Krishnamurthy
Jayapal, Sathish Kumar
Jayaram, Shubha
Jayawardena, Ranil
Jebai, Rime
Jeong, Wonjeong
Jin, Yinzi
Jokar, Mohammad
Jonas, Jost B
Joseph, Nitin
Joseph, Abel
Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma
Joukar, Farahnaz
Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
Kaambwa, Billingsley
Kabir, Ali
Kabthymer, Robel Hussen
Kadashetti, Vidya
Kahe, Farima
Kalhor, Rohollah
Kandel, Himal
Karanth, Shama D
Karaye, Ibraheem M
Karkhah, Samad
Katoto, Patrick DMC
Kaur, Navjot
Kazemian, Sina
Kebede, Sewnet Adem
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khajuria, Himanshu
Khalaji, Amirmohammad
Khan, Moien AB
Khan, Maseer
Khan, Ajmal
Khanal, Saval
Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad
Khater, Amir M
Khateri, Sorour
khorashadizadeh, Fatemeh
Khubchandani, Jagdish
Kibret, Biruk Getahun
Kim, Min Seo
Kimokoti, Ruth W
Kisa, Adnan
Kivimäki, Mika
Kolahi, Ali-Asghar
Komaki, Somayeh
Kompani, Farzad
Koohestani, Hamid Reza
Korzh, Oleksii
Kostev, Karel
Kothari, Nikhil
Koyanagi, Ai
Krishan, Kewal
Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj
Kuate Defo, Barthelemy
Kuddus, Mohammed
Kuddus, Md Abdul
Kumar, Rakesh
Kumar, Harish
Kundu, Satyajit
Kurniasari, Maria Dyah
Kuttikkattu, Ambily
La Vecchia, Carlo
Lallukka, Tea
Larijani, Bagher
Larsson, Anders O
Latief, Kamaluddin
Lawal, Basira Kankia
Le, Thao Thi Thu
Le, Trang Thi Bich
Lee, Shaun Wen Huey
Lee, Munjae
Lee, Wei-Chen
Lee, Paul H
Lee, Sang-woong
Lee, Seung Won
Legesse, Samson Mideksa
Lenzi, Jacopo
Li, Yongze
Li, Ming-Chieh
Lim, Stephen S
Lim, Lee-Ling
Liu, Xuefeng
Liu, Chaojie
Lo, Chun-Han
Lopes, Graciliana
Lorkowski, Stefan
Lozano, Rafael
Lucchetti, Giancarlo
Maghazachi, Azzam A
Mahasha, Phetole Walter
Mahjoub, Soleiman
Mahmoud, Mansour Adam
Mahmoudi, Razzagh
Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh
Mai, Anh Tuan
Majeed, Azeem
Majma Sanaye, Pantea
Makris, Konstantinos Christos
Malhotra, Kashish
Malik, Ahmad Azam
Malik, Iram
Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain
Malta, Deborah Carvalho
Mamun, Abdullah A
Mansouri, Borhan
Marateb, Hamid Reza
Mardi, Parham
Martini, Santi
Martorell, Miquel
Marzo, Roy Rillera
Masoudi, Reza
Masoudi, Sahar
Mathews, Elezebeth
Maugeri, Andrea
Mazzaglia, Giampiero
Mekonnen, Teferi
Meshkat, Mahboobeh
Mestrovic, Tomislav
Miao Jonasson, Junmei
Miazgowski, Tomasz
Michalek, Irmina Maria
Minh, Le Huu Nhat
Mini, GK
Miranda, J Jaime
Mirfakhraie, Reza
Mirrakhimov, Erkin M
Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad
Misganaw, Awoke
Misgina, Kebede Haile
Mishra, Manish
Moazen, Babak
Mohamed, Nouh Saad
Mohammadi, Esmaeil
Mohammadi, Mohsen
Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah
Mohammadshahi, Marita
Mohseni, Alireza
Mojiri-forushani, Hoda
Mokdad, Ali H
Momtazmanesh, Sara
Monasta, Lorenzo
Moniruzzaman, Md
Mons, Ute
Montazeri, Fateme
Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli
Moradi, Yousef
Moradi, Maryam
Moradi Sarabi, Mostafa
Morovatdar, Negar
Morrison, Shane Douglas
Morze, Jakub
Mossialos, Elias
Mostafavi, Ebrahim
Mueller, Ulrich Otto
Mulita, Francesk
Mulita, Admir
Murillo-Zamora, Efrén
Musa, Kamarul Imran
Mwita, Julius C
Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad
Naghavi, Mohsen
Nainu, Firzan
Nair, Tapas Sadasivan
Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid
Nangia, Vinay
Nargus, Shumaila
Naser, Abdallah Y
Nassereldine, Hasan
Natto, Zuhair S
Nauman, Javaid
Nayak, Biswa Prakash
Ndejjo, Rawlance
Negash, Hadush
Negoi, Ruxandra Irina
Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien
Nguyen, Dang H
Nguyen, Phat Tuan
Nguyen, Van Thanh
Nguyen, Hien Quang
Niazi, Robina Khan
Nigatu, Yeshambel T
Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini
Nizam, Muhammad A
Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles
Noreen, Mamoona
Noubiap, Jean Jacques
Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet
Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe
Oancea, Bogdan
Odogwu, Nkechi Martina
Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade
Ojha, Vivek Anand
Okati-Aliabad, Hassan
Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul
Okonji, Osaretin Christabel
Okwute, Patrick Godwin
Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa
Onwujekwe, Obinna E
Ordak, Michal
Ortiz, Alberto
Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi
Oulhaj, Abderrahim
Owolabi, Mayowa O
Padron-Monedero, Alicia
Padubidri, Jagadish Rao
Palladino, Raffaele
Panagiotakos, Demosthenes
Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
Pandey, Ashok
Pandey, Anamika
Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R
Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela
Pardhan, Shahina
Parekh, Tarang
Parekh, Utsav
Pasovic, Maja
Patel, Jay
Patel, Jenil R
Paudel, Uttam
Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino
Pereira, Marcos
Perico, Norberto
Perna, Simone
Petcu, Ionela-Roxana
Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily
Podder, Vivek
Postma, Maarten J
Pourali, Ghazaleh
Pourtaheri, Naeimeh
Prates, Elton Junio Sady
Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd
Qattea, Ibrahim
Raee, Pourya
Rafique, Ibrar
Rahimi, Mehran
Rahimifard, Mahban
Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
Rahman, Md Obaidur
Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur
Rahman, Mosiur
Rahman, Md Mosfequr
Rahmani, Mohamed
Rahmani, Shayan
Rahmanian, Vahid
Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum
Rahnavard, Niloufar
Rajbhandari, Bibek
Ram, Pradhum
Ramazanu, Sheena
Rana, Juwel
Rancic, Nemanja
Ranjha, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz
Rao, Chythra R
Rapaka, Deepthi
Rasali, Drona Prakash
Rashedi, Sina
Rashedi, Vahid
Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa
Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi
Ratan, Zubair Ahmed
Rawaf, Salman
Rawal, Lal
Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed
Remuzzi, Giuseppe
Rengasamy, Kannan RR
Renzaho, Andre M N
Reyes, Luis Felipe
Rezaei, Nima
Rezaei, Nazila
Rezaeian, Mohsen
Rezazadeh, Hossein
Riahi, Seyed Mohammad
Rias, Yohanes Andy
Riaz, Muhammad
Ribeiro, Daniela
Rodrigues, Mónica
Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia
Roever, Leonardo
Rohloff, Peter
Roshandel, Gholamreza
Roustazadeh, Abazar
Rwegerera, Godfrey M
Saad, Aly M A
Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed
Sabour, Siamak
Sabzmakan, Leila
Saddik, Basema
Sadeghi, Erfan
Saeed, Umar
Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar
Safi, Sare
Safi, Sher Zaman
Saghazadeh, Amene
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dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07-21
2024-06-13T09:56:02Z
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01301-6
Ong, K. L., Stafford, L. K., McLaughlin, S. A., Boyko, E. J., Vollset, S. E., Smith, A. E., ... & Brauer, M. (2023). Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet, 402(10397), 203-234.
0140-6736
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673623013016
http://hdl.handle.net/10576/56146
203-234
10397
402
1474-547X
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv en
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Diabetes Mellitus
Quality-Adjusted Life Years
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
description BackgroundDiabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. MethodsEstimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the risk-attributable type 2 diabetes burden for 16 risk factors falling under risk categories including environmental and occupational factors, tobacco use, high alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), dietary factors, and low physical activity. Using a regression framework, we forecast type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence through 2050 with Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high BMI as predictors, respectively. FindingsIn 2021, there were 529 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 500–564) people living with diabetes worldwide, and the global age-standardised total diabetes prevalence was 6·1% (5·8–6·5). At the super-region level, the highest age-standardised rates were observed in north Africa and the Middle East (9·3% [8·7–9·9]) and, at the regional level, in Oceania (12·3% [11·5–13·0]). Nationally, Qatar had the world's highest age-specific prevalence of diabetes, at 76·1% (73·1–79·5) in individuals aged 75–79 years. Total diabetes prevalence—especially among older adults—primarily reflects type 2 diabetes, which in 2021 accounted for 96·0% (95·1–96·8) of diabetes cases and 95·4% (94·9–95·9) of diabetes DALYs worldwide. In 2021, 52·2% (25·5–71·8) of global type 2 diabetes DALYs were attributable to high BMI. The contribution of high BMI to type 2 diabetes DALYs rose by 24·3% (18·5–30·4) worldwide between 1990 and 2021. By 2050, more than 1·31 billion (1·22–1·39) people are projected to have diabetes, with expected age-standardised total diabetes prevalence rates greater than 10% in two super-regions: 16·8% (16·1–17·6) in north Africa and the Middle East and 11·3% (10·8–11·9) in Latin America and Caribbean. By 2050, 89 (43·6%) of 204 countries and territories will have an age-standardised rate greater than 10%. InterpretationDiabetes remains a substantial public health issue. Type 2 diabetes, which makes up the bulk of diabetes cases, is largely preventable and, in some cases, potentially reversible if identified and managed early in the disease course. However, all evidence indicates that diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, primarily due to a rise in obesity caused by multiple factors. Preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. It is essential to better understand disparities in risk factor profiles and diabetes burden across populations, to inform strategies to successfully control diabetes risk factors within the context of multiple and complex drivers. FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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identifier_str_mv Ong, K. L., Stafford, L. K., McLaughlin, S. A., Boyko, E. J., Vollset, S. E., Smith, A. E., ... & Brauer, M. (2023). Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet, 402(10397), 203-234.
0140-6736
203-234
10397
402
1474-547X
language_invalid_str_mv en
network_acronym_str qu
network_name_str Qatar University repository
oai_identifier_str oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/56146
publishDate 2023
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
repository.name.fl_str_mv
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rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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ThirunavukkarasuSawhney, MonikaSchlaich, Markus PSchmidt, Maria InêsSchuermans, ArtSeidu, Abdul-AzizSenthil Kumar, NachimuthuSepanlou, Sadaf GSethi, YashendraSeylani, AllenShabany, MaryamShafaghat, TaherehShafeghat, MelikaShafie, MahanShah, Nilay SShahid, SamiahShaikh, Masood AliShanawaz, MohdShannawaz, MohammedSharfaei, SadafShashamo, Bereket BeyeneShiri, RahmanShittu, AminuShivakumar, K MShivalli, SiddharudhaShobeiri, ParnianShokri, FereshtehShuval, KeremSibhat, Migbar MekonnenSilva, Luís Manuel Lopes RodriguesSimpson, Colin RSingh, Jasvinder ASingh, ParamdeepSingh, SurjitSiraj, Md ShahjahanSkryabina, Anna AleksandrovnaSohag, Abdullah Al MamunSoleimani, HamidrezaSolikhah, SolikhahSoltani-Zangbar, Mohammad SadeghSomayaji, RanjaniSorensen, Reed J DStarodubova, Antonina VSujata, SujataSuleman, MuhammadSun, JingSundström, JohanTabarés-Seisdedos, RafaelTabatabaei, Seyyed MohammadTabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-AmirTabish, MohammadTaheri, MajidTaheri, EnsiyehTaki, ElaheTamuzi, Jacques JL LukenzeTan, Ker-KanTat, Nathan YTaye, Birhan TsegawTemesgen, Worku AnimawTemsah, Mohamad-HaniTesler, RikiThangaraju, PugazhenthanThankappan, Kavumpurathu RamanThapa, RajshreeTharwat, SamarThomas, NihalTicoalu, Jansje Henny VeraTiyuri, AmirTonelli, MarcelloTovani-Palone, Marcos RobertoTrico, DomenicoTrihandini, IndangTripathy, Jaya PrasadTromans, Samuel JosephTsegay, Guesh MebrahtomTualeka, Abdul RohimTufa, Derara GirmaTyrovolas, StefanosUllah, SanaUpadhyay, EraVahabi, Seyed MohammadVaithinathan, Asokan GovindarajValizadeh, Rohollahvan Daalen, Kim RobinVart, PriyaVarthya, Shoban BabuVasankari, Tommi JuhaniVaziri, SiavashVerma, Madhur vermaVerras, Georgios-IoannisVo, Danh CaoWagaye, BirhanuWaheed, YasirWang, ZiyueWang, YanqingWang, CongWang, FangWassie, Gizachew TadesseWei, Melissa Y WeiWeldemariam, Abrha HailayWesterman, RonnyWickramasinghe, Nuwan DarshanaWu, YiFanWulandari, Ratna DWIXia, JuanXiao, HongXu, SuowenXu, XiaoyueYada, Dereje YYang, LinYatsuya, HiroshiYesiltepe, MetinYi, SiyanYohannis, Hunachew KibretYonemoto, NaohiroYou, YuyiZaman, Sojib BinZamora, NelsonZare, ImanZarea, KouroshZarrintan, ArminZastrozhin, Mikhail SergeevichZeru, Naod GebrekrstosZhang, Zhi-JiangZhong, ChenwenZhou, JingjingZielińska, MagdalenaZikarg, Yossef TeshomeZodpey, SanjayZoladl, MohammadZou, ZhiyongZumla, AlimuddinZuniga, Yves Miel HMagliano, Dianna JMurray, Christopher J LHay, Simon IVos, TheoDiabetes MellitusQuality-Adjusted Life YearsBackgroundDiabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. MethodsEstimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the risk-attributable type 2 diabetes burden for 16 risk factors falling under risk categories including environmental and occupational factors, tobacco use, high alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), dietary factors, and low physical activity. Using a regression framework, we forecast type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence through 2050 with Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high BMI as predictors, respectively. FindingsIn 2021, there were 529 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 500–564) people living with diabetes worldwide, and the global age-standardised total diabetes prevalence was 6·1% (5·8–6·5). At the super-region level, the highest age-standardised rates were observed in north Africa and the Middle East (9·3% [8·7–9·9]) and, at the regional level, in Oceania (12·3% [11·5–13·0]). Nationally, Qatar had the world's highest age-specific prevalence of diabetes, at 76·1% (73·1–79·5) in individuals aged 75–79 years. Total diabetes prevalence—especially among older adults—primarily reflects type 2 diabetes, which in 2021 accounted for 96·0% (95·1–96·8) of diabetes cases and 95·4% (94·9–95·9) of diabetes DALYs worldwide. In 2021, 52·2% (25·5–71·8) of global type 2 diabetes DALYs were attributable to high BMI. The contribution of high BMI to type 2 diabetes DALYs rose by 24·3% (18·5–30·4) worldwide between 1990 and 2021. By 2050, more than 1·31 billion (1·22–1·39) people are projected to have diabetes, with expected age-standardised total diabetes prevalence rates greater than 10% in two super-regions: 16·8% (16·1–17·6) in north Africa and the Middle East and 11·3% (10·8–11·9) in Latin America and Caribbean. By 2050, 89 (43·6%) of 204 countries and territories will have an age-standardised rate greater than 10%. InterpretationDiabetes remains a substantial public health issue. Type 2 diabetes, which makes up the bulk of diabetes cases, is largely preventable and, in some cases, potentially reversible if identified and managed early in the disease course. However, all evidence indicates that diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, primarily due to a rise in obesity caused by multiple factors. Preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. It is essential to better understand disparities in risk factor profiles and diabetes burden across populations, to inform strategies to successfully control diabetes risk factors within the context of multiple and complex drivers. FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Elsevier2024-06-13T09:56:02Z2023-07-21Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01301-6Ong, K. L., Stafford, L. K., McLaughlin, S. A., Boyko, E. J., Vollset, S. E., Smith, A. E., ... & Brauer, M. (2023). Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet, 402(10397), 203-234.0140-6736https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673623013016http://hdl.handle.net/10576/56146203-234103974021474-547Xenhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/561462024-07-23T15:54:00Z
spellingShingle Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Kanyin Liane, Ong
Diabetes Mellitus
Quality-Adjusted Life Years
status_str publishedVersion
title Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
title_full Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
title_fullStr Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
title_full_unstemmed Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
title_short Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
title_sort Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
topic Diabetes Mellitus
Quality-Adjusted Life Years
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01301-6
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673623013016
http://hdl.handle.net/10576/56146