Experimental analysis of free-standing and substrate-constrained Ga-doped ZnO nanostructured thermoelectric films
Developing thermoelectric films without substrates—free-standing films—eliminates substrate-induced effects on performance and meets the flexibility requirements of emerging wearable thermoelectric applications. This study investigates Gallium-doped Zinc Oxide (GZO), composed of abundant and non-tox...
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2024
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| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39836 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024158677 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/60939 |
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| _version_ | 1857415087490334720 |
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| author | Aicha S., Lemine |
| author2 | Bhadra, Jolly Popelka, Anton Maurya, Muni Raj Sadasivuni, Kishor Kumar Shakoor, Rana Abdul Zubair, Ahmad Al-Thani, Noora J. Hasan, Anwarul |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Aicha S., Lemine Bhadra, Jolly Popelka, Anton Maurya, Muni Raj Sadasivuni, Kishor Kumar Shakoor, Rana Abdul Zubair, Ahmad Al-Thani, Noora J. Hasan, Anwarul |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Aicha S., Lemine Bhadra, Jolly Popelka, Anton Maurya, Muni Raj Sadasivuni, Kishor Kumar Shakoor, Rana Abdul Zubair, Ahmad Al-Thani, Noora J. Hasan, Anwarul |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2024-11-10T05:36:02Z 2024-11-15 |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39836 Experimental Analysis of Free-standing and Substrate-constrained Ga-doped ZnO Nanostructured Thermoelectric Films, HELIYON, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39836. 24058440 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024158677 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/60939 21 10 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | en |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Elsevier |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Thermoelectric Nanostructured Ga-ZnO Film Free-standing Substrate-constrained |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Experimental analysis of free-standing and substrate-constrained Ga-doped ZnO nanostructured thermoelectric films |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| description | Developing thermoelectric films without substrates—free-standing films—eliminates substrate-induced effects on performance and meets the flexibility requirements of emerging wearable thermoelectric applications. This study investigates Gallium-doped Zinc Oxide (GZO), composed of abundant and non-toxic elements, to fabricate a substrate-free GZO film via 3D printing and compares its structural, chemical, and thermoelectric properties with those of a substrate-constrained GZO film produced through chemical deposition. Both films exhibited uniform crystal structures and phase purity; however, the substrate-constrained film displayed additional diffraction peaks, suggesting potential substrate interactions. The 3D-printed free-standing film effectively eliminated the tensile stresses observed in the substrate-constrained film. FE-STEM analysis revealed nanostructures with homogeneous elemental distribution in both films, though the substrate-constrained film showed discontinuities, such as pores, likely caused by post-deposition annealing treatment. XPS analysis highlighted differences in chemical states and elemental compositions between the films, influenced by fabrication methods, substrate-induced stresses, and surface energy mismatches. The free-standing GZO film developed through 3D printing exhibited a more balanced incorporation of Zn and O, as it was not subject to substrate or post-deposition annealing constraints. Consequently, it demonstrated a 14 % increase in electrical conductivity and a 91 % improvement in the Seebeck coefficient compared to the substrate-constrained film, resulting in a higher room-temperature power factor of 261 nW/m·K2. These findings underscore the potential of 3D-printed free-standing GZO films to advance thermoelectric applications, offering a promising alternative to overcome the challenges of substrate-constrained films and further drive innovation in the field. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | qu_29bf5bafcf2a0ab24339c75998b5633f |
| identifier_str_mv | Experimental Analysis of Free-standing and Substrate-constrained Ga-doped ZnO Nanostructured Thermoelectric Films, HELIYON, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39836. 24058440 21 10 |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en |
| network_acronym_str | qu |
| network_name_str | Qatar University repository |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/60939 |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Elsevier |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| spelling | Experimental analysis of free-standing and substrate-constrained Ga-doped ZnO nanostructured thermoelectric filmsAicha S., LemineBhadra, JollyPopelka, AntonMaurya, Muni RajSadasivuni, Kishor KumarShakoor, Rana AbdulZubair, AhmadAl-Thani, Noora J.Hasan, AnwarulThermoelectricNanostructuredGa-ZnOFilmFree-standingSubstrate-constrainedDeveloping thermoelectric films without substrates—free-standing films—eliminates substrate-induced effects on performance and meets the flexibility requirements of emerging wearable thermoelectric applications. This study investigates Gallium-doped Zinc Oxide (GZO), composed of abundant and non-toxic elements, to fabricate a substrate-free GZO film via 3D printing and compares its structural, chemical, and thermoelectric properties with those of a substrate-constrained GZO film produced through chemical deposition. Both films exhibited uniform crystal structures and phase purity; however, the substrate-constrained film displayed additional diffraction peaks, suggesting potential substrate interactions. The 3D-printed free-standing film effectively eliminated the tensile stresses observed in the substrate-constrained film. FE-STEM analysis revealed nanostructures with homogeneous elemental distribution in both films, though the substrate-constrained film showed discontinuities, such as pores, likely caused by post-deposition annealing treatment. XPS analysis highlighted differences in chemical states and elemental compositions between the films, influenced by fabrication methods, substrate-induced stresses, and surface energy mismatches. The free-standing GZO film developed through 3D printing exhibited a more balanced incorporation of Zn and O, as it was not subject to substrate or post-deposition annealing constraints. Consequently, it demonstrated a 14 % increase in electrical conductivity and a 91 % improvement in the Seebeck coefficient compared to the substrate-constrained film, resulting in a higher room-temperature power factor of 261 nW/m·K2. These findings underscore the potential of 3D-printed free-standing GZO films to advance thermoelectric applications, offering a promising alternative to overcome the challenges of substrate-constrained films and further drive innovation in the field.This work is supported by Qatar University Grant no. GTRA-17722. Additional support is also provided by the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of the Qatar Foundation) from Grant no. NPRP12S-310-190276. The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. The authors acknowledge the technical support from the Center of Advanced Materials (CAM), and the Gas Processing Center (GPC) at Qatar University, and the Core Labs at Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU). Open access funding is provided by the Qatar National Library (QNL).Elsevier2024-11-10T05:36:02Z2024-11-15Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39836Experimental Analysis of Free-standing and Substrate-constrained Ga-doped ZnO Nanostructured Thermoelectric Films, HELIYON, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39836.24058440https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024158677http://hdl.handle.net/10576/609392110enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/609392024-11-10T19:07:08Z |
| spellingShingle | Experimental analysis of free-standing and substrate-constrained Ga-doped ZnO nanostructured thermoelectric films Aicha S., Lemine Thermoelectric Nanostructured Ga-ZnO Film Free-standing Substrate-constrained |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Experimental analysis of free-standing and substrate-constrained Ga-doped ZnO nanostructured thermoelectric films |
| title_full | Experimental analysis of free-standing and substrate-constrained Ga-doped ZnO nanostructured thermoelectric films |
| title_fullStr | Experimental analysis of free-standing and substrate-constrained Ga-doped ZnO nanostructured thermoelectric films |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental analysis of free-standing and substrate-constrained Ga-doped ZnO nanostructured thermoelectric films |
| title_short | Experimental analysis of free-standing and substrate-constrained Ga-doped ZnO nanostructured thermoelectric films |
| title_sort | Experimental analysis of free-standing and substrate-constrained Ga-doped ZnO nanostructured thermoelectric films |
| topic | Thermoelectric Nanostructured Ga-ZnO Film Free-standing Substrate-constrained |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39836 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024158677 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/60939 |