Effectiveness of two and three doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against infection, symptoms, and severity in the pre-omicron era: A time-dependent gradient
BackgroundVaccines were developed and deployed to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study aimed to characterize patterns in the protection provided by the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 mRNA vaccines against a spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection symptoms and se...
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| التنسيق: | article |
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2024
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| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.026 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X24004407 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/55352 |
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| _version_ | 1857415086753185792 |
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| author | Layan, Sukik |
| author2 | Chemaitelly, Hiam Ayoub, Houssein H. Coyle, Peter Tang, Patrick Yassine, Hadi M. Al Thani, Asmaa A. Hasan, Mohammad R. Al-Kanaani, Zaina Al-Kuwari, Einas Jeremijenko, Andrew Kaleeckal, Anvar Hassan Latif, Ali Nizar Shaik, Riyazuddin Mohammad Abdul-Rahim, Hanan F. Nasrallah, Gheyath K. Al-Kuwari, Mohamed Ghaith Butt, Adeel A. Al-Romaihi, Hamad Eid Al-Thani, Mohamed H. Al-Khal, Abdullatif Bertollini, Roberto Abdel-Rahman, Manar E. Abu-Raddad, Laith J. |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Layan, Sukik Chemaitelly, Hiam Ayoub, Houssein H. Coyle, Peter Tang, Patrick Yassine, Hadi M. Al Thani, Asmaa A. Hasan, Mohammad R. Al-Kanaani, Zaina Al-Kuwari, Einas Jeremijenko, Andrew Kaleeckal, Anvar Hassan Latif, Ali Nizar Shaik, Riyazuddin Mohammad Abdul-Rahim, Hanan F. Nasrallah, Gheyath K. Al-Kuwari, Mohamed Ghaith Butt, Adeel A. Al-Romaihi, Hamad Eid Al-Thani, Mohamed H. Al-Khal, Abdullatif Bertollini, Roberto Abdel-Rahman, Manar E. Abu-Raddad, Laith J. |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Layan, Sukik Chemaitelly, Hiam Ayoub, Houssein H. Coyle, Peter Tang, Patrick Yassine, Hadi M. Al Thani, Asmaa A. Hasan, Mohammad R. Al-Kanaani, Zaina Al-Kuwari, Einas Jeremijenko, Andrew Kaleeckal, Anvar Hassan Latif, Ali Nizar Shaik, Riyazuddin Mohammad Abdul-Rahim, Hanan F. Nasrallah, Gheyath K. Al-Kuwari, Mohamed Ghaith Butt, Adeel A. Al-Romaihi, Hamad Eid Al-Thani, Mohamed H. Al-Khal, Abdullatif Bertollini, Roberto Abdel-Rahman, Manar E. Abu-Raddad, Laith J. |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2024-05-26T05:14:24Z 2024-05-22 |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.026 0264410X https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X24004407 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/55352 3307-3320 14 42 1873-2518 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | en |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Elsevier |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | mRNA COVID-19 Severity Waning Case-control Test-negative |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Effectiveness of two and three doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against infection, symptoms, and severity in the pre-omicron era: A time-dependent gradient |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| description | BackgroundVaccines were developed and deployed to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study aimed to characterize patterns in the protection provided by the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 mRNA vaccines against a spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection symptoms and severities. MethodsA national, matched, test-negative, case-control study was conducted in Qatar between January 1 and December 18, 2021, utilizing a sample of 238,896 PCR-positive tests and 6,533,739 PCR-negative tests. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated against asymptomatic, symptomatic, severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), critical COVID-19, and fatal COVID-19 infections. Data sources included Qatar's national databases for COVID-19 laboratory testing, vaccination, hospitalization, and death. ResultsEffectiveness of two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination was 75.6% (95% CI: 73.6–77.5) against asymptomatic infection and 76.5% (95% CI: 75.1–77.9) against symptomatic infection. Effectiveness against each of severe, critical, and fatal COVID-19 infections surpassed 90%. Immediately after the second dose, all categories—namely, asymptomatic, symptomatic, severe, critical, and fatal COVID-19—exhibited similarly high effectiveness. However, from 181 to 270 days post-second dose, effectiveness against asymptomatic and symptomatic infections declined to below 40%, while effectiveness against each of severe, critical, and fatal COVID-19 infections remained consistently high. However, estimates against fatal COVID-19 often had wide 95% confidence intervals. Analogous patterns were observed in three-dose BNT162b2 vaccination and two- and three-dose mRNA-1273 vaccination. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the results. ConclusionA gradient in vaccine effectiveness exists and is linked to the symptoms and severity of infection, providing higher protection against more symptomatic and severe cases. This gradient intensifies over time as vaccine immunity wanes after the last vaccine dose. These patterns appear consistent irrespective of the vaccine type or whether the vaccination involves the primary series or a booster. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | qu_48ba61d0b03d7373f2a1a9f53da04854 |
| identifier_str_mv | 0264410X 3307-3320 14 42 1873-2518 |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en |
| network_acronym_str | qu |
| network_name_str | Qatar University repository |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/55352 |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Elsevier |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| spelling | Effectiveness of two and three doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against infection, symptoms, and severity in the pre-omicron era: A time-dependent gradientLayan, SukikChemaitelly, HiamAyoub, Houssein H.Coyle, PeterTang, PatrickYassine, Hadi M.Al Thani, Asmaa A.Hasan, Mohammad R.Al-Kanaani, ZainaAl-Kuwari, EinasJeremijenko, AndrewKaleeckal, Anvar HassanLatif, Ali NizarShaik, Riyazuddin MohammadAbdul-Rahim, Hanan F.Nasrallah, Gheyath K.Al-Kuwari, Mohamed GhaithButt, Adeel A.Al-Romaihi, Hamad EidAl-Thani, Mohamed H.Al-Khal, AbdullatifBertollini, RobertoAbdel-Rahman, Manar E.Abu-Raddad, Laith J.mRNACOVID-19SeverityWaningCase-controlTest-negativeBackgroundVaccines were developed and deployed to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study aimed to characterize patterns in the protection provided by the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 mRNA vaccines against a spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection symptoms and severities. MethodsA national, matched, test-negative, case-control study was conducted in Qatar between January 1 and December 18, 2021, utilizing a sample of 238,896 PCR-positive tests and 6,533,739 PCR-negative tests. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated against asymptomatic, symptomatic, severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), critical COVID-19, and fatal COVID-19 infections. Data sources included Qatar's national databases for COVID-19 laboratory testing, vaccination, hospitalization, and death. ResultsEffectiveness of two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination was 75.6% (95% CI: 73.6–77.5) against asymptomatic infection and 76.5% (95% CI: 75.1–77.9) against symptomatic infection. Effectiveness against each of severe, critical, and fatal COVID-19 infections surpassed 90%. Immediately after the second dose, all categories—namely, asymptomatic, symptomatic, severe, critical, and fatal COVID-19—exhibited similarly high effectiveness. However, from 181 to 270 days post-second dose, effectiveness against asymptomatic and symptomatic infections declined to below 40%, while effectiveness against each of severe, critical, and fatal COVID-19 infections remained consistently high. However, estimates against fatal COVID-19 often had wide 95% confidence intervals. Analogous patterns were observed in three-dose BNT162b2 vaccination and two- and three-dose mRNA-1273 vaccination. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the results. ConclusionA gradient in vaccine effectiveness exists and is linked to the symptoms and severity of infection, providing higher protection against more symptomatic and severe cases. This gradient intensifies over time as vaccine immunity wanes after the last vaccine dose. These patterns appear consistent irrespective of the vaccine type or whether the vaccination involves the primary series or a booster.We acknowledge the many dedicated individuals at Hamad Medical Corporation, the Ministry of Public Health, the Primary Health Care Corporation, Qatar Biobank, Sidra Medicine, and Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar for diligent efforts and contributions to make this study possible. For LS, this study was made possible by an award (GSRA9-L-2-0601-22074) from the Qatar National Research Fund, a member of Qatar Foundation. We also appreciate the support of the Biomedical Research Training Program for Nationals at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar. We are further grateful for institutional salary support from the Biomedical Research Program and the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Biomathematics Research Core, both at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, as well as for institutional salary support provided by the Ministry of Public Health, Hamad Medical Corporation, and Sidra Medicine. The contents herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.Elsevier2024-05-26T05:14:24Z2024-05-22Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.0260264410Xhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X24004407http://hdl.handle.net/10576/553523307-332014421873-2518enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/553522025-05-25T09:47:42Z |
| spellingShingle | Effectiveness of two and three doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against infection, symptoms, and severity in the pre-omicron era: A time-dependent gradient Layan, Sukik mRNA COVID-19 Severity Waning Case-control Test-negative |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Effectiveness of two and three doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against infection, symptoms, and severity in the pre-omicron era: A time-dependent gradient |
| title_full | Effectiveness of two and three doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against infection, symptoms, and severity in the pre-omicron era: A time-dependent gradient |
| title_fullStr | Effectiveness of two and three doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against infection, symptoms, and severity in the pre-omicron era: A time-dependent gradient |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness of two and three doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against infection, symptoms, and severity in the pre-omicron era: A time-dependent gradient |
| title_short | Effectiveness of two and three doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against infection, symptoms, and severity in the pre-omicron era: A time-dependent gradient |
| title_sort | Effectiveness of two and three doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against infection, symptoms, and severity in the pre-omicron era: A time-dependent gradient |
| topic | mRNA COVID-19 Severity Waning Case-control Test-negative |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.026 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X24004407 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/55352 |