Effects of previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity against symptomatic Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections: an observational study

BackgroundProtection against SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic infection and severe COVID-19 of previous infection, mRNA two-dose vaccination, mRNA three-dose vaccination, and hybrid immunity of previous infection and vaccination were investigated in Qatar for the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants. MethodsSix na...

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Main Author: Heba N., Altarawneh (author)
Other Authors: Chemaitelly, Hiam (author), Ayoub, Houssein H. (author), Tang, Patrick (author), Hasan, Mohammad R. (author), Yassine, Hadi M. (author), Al-Khatib, Hebah A. (author), Al Thani, Asmaa A. (author), Coyle, Peter (author), Al-Kanaani, Zaina (author), Al-Kuwari, Einas (author), Jeremijenko, Andrew (author), Kaleeckal, Anvar Hassan (author), Latif, Ali Nizar (author), Shaik, Riyazuddin Mohammad (author), Abdul-Rahim, Hanan F. (author), Nasrallah, Gheyath K. (author), Al-Kuwari, Mohamed Ghaith (author), Butt, Adeel A. (author), Al-Romaihi, Hamad Eid (author), Al-Thani, Mohamed H. (author), Al-Khal, Abdullatif (author), Bertollini, Roberto (author), Abu-Raddad, Laith J. (author)
Format: article
Published: 2023
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Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104734
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396423002992
http://hdl.handle.net/10576/47966
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author Heba N., Altarawneh
author2 Chemaitelly, Hiam
Ayoub, Houssein H.
Tang, Patrick
Hasan, Mohammad R.
Yassine, Hadi M.
Al-Khatib, Hebah A.
Al Thani, Asmaa A.
Coyle, Peter
Al-Kanaani, Zaina
Al-Kuwari, Einas
Jeremijenko, Andrew
Kaleeckal, Anvar Hassan
Latif, Ali Nizar
Shaik, Riyazuddin Mohammad
Abdul-Rahim, Hanan F.
Nasrallah, Gheyath K.
Al-Kuwari, Mohamed Ghaith
Butt, Adeel A.
Al-Romaihi, Hamad Eid
Al-Thani, Mohamed H.
Al-Khal, Abdullatif
Bertollini, Roberto
Abu-Raddad, Laith J.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
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author
author_facet Heba N., Altarawneh
Chemaitelly, Hiam
Ayoub, Houssein H.
Tang, Patrick
Hasan, Mohammad R.
Yassine, Hadi M.
Al-Khatib, Hebah A.
Al Thani, Asmaa A.
Coyle, Peter
Al-Kanaani, Zaina
Al-Kuwari, Einas
Jeremijenko, Andrew
Kaleeckal, Anvar Hassan
Latif, Ali Nizar
Shaik, Riyazuddin Mohammad
Abdul-Rahim, Hanan F.
Nasrallah, Gheyath K.
Al-Kuwari, Mohamed Ghaith
Butt, Adeel A.
Al-Romaihi, Hamad Eid
Al-Thani, Mohamed H.
Al-Khal, Abdullatif
Bertollini, Roberto
Abu-Raddad, Laith J.
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Heba N., Altarawneh
Chemaitelly, Hiam
Ayoub, Houssein H.
Tang, Patrick
Hasan, Mohammad R.
Yassine, Hadi M.
Al-Khatib, Hebah A.
Al Thani, Asmaa A.
Coyle, Peter
Al-Kanaani, Zaina
Al-Kuwari, Einas
Jeremijenko, Andrew
Kaleeckal, Anvar Hassan
Latif, Ali Nizar
Shaik, Riyazuddin Mohammad
Abdul-Rahim, Hanan F.
Nasrallah, Gheyath K.
Al-Kuwari, Mohamed Ghaith
Butt, Adeel A.
Al-Romaihi, Hamad Eid
Al-Thani, Mohamed H.
Al-Khal, Abdullatif
Bertollini, Roberto
Abu-Raddad, Laith J.
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-09-26T06:51:13Z
2023-09-30
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104734
23523964
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396423002992
http://hdl.handle.net/10576/47966
95
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv en
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv COVID-19
Booster
Reinfection
Variant
Case-control
Test-negative
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Effects of previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity against symptomatic Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections: an observational study
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
description BackgroundProtection against SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic infection and severe COVID-19 of previous infection, mRNA two-dose vaccination, mRNA three-dose vaccination, and hybrid immunity of previous infection and vaccination were investigated in Qatar for the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants. MethodsSix national, matched, test-negative, case-control studies were conducted between January 18 and December 18, 2021 on a sample of 239,120 PCR-positive tests and 6,103,365 PCR-negative tests. FindingsEffectiveness of previous infection against Alpha, Beta, and Delta reinfection was 89.5% (95% CI: 85.5–92.3%), 87.9% (95% CI: 85.4–89.9%), and 90.0% (95% CI: 86.7–92.5%), respectively. Effectiveness of two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination against Alpha, Beta, and Delta infection was 90.5% (95% CI, 83.9–94.4%), 80.5% (95% CI: 79.0–82.0%), and 58.1% (95% CI: 54.6–61.3%), respectively. Effectiveness of three-dose BNT162b2 vaccination against Delta infection was 91.7% (95% CI: 87.1–94.7%). Effectiveness of hybrid immunity of previous infection and two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination was 97.4% (95% CI: 95.4–98.5%) against Beta infection and 94.5% (95% CI: 92.8–95.8%) against Delta infection. Effectiveness of previous infection and three-dose BNT162b2 vaccination was 98.1% (95% CI: 85.7–99.7%) against Delta infection. All five forms of immunity had >90% protection against severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 regardless of variant. Similar effectiveness estimates were observed for mRNA-1273. A mathematical model accurately predicted hybrid immunity protection by assuming that the individual effects of previous infection and vaccination acted independently. InterpretationHybrid immunity, offering the strongest protection, was mathematically predicted by assuming that the immunities obtained from previous infection and vaccination act independently, without synergy or redundancy. FundingThe Biomedical Research Program and the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and the Biomathematics Research Core, both at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Ministry of Public Health, Hamad Medical Corporation, Sidra Medicine, Qatar Genome Programme, Qatar University Biomedical Research Center, and Qatar University Internal Grant ID QUCG-CAS-23/24-114.
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publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
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spelling Effects of previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity against symptomatic Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections: an observational studyHeba N., AltarawnehChemaitelly, HiamAyoub, Houssein H.Tang, PatrickHasan, Mohammad R.Yassine, Hadi M.Al-Khatib, Hebah A.Al Thani, Asmaa A.Coyle, PeterAl-Kanaani, ZainaAl-Kuwari, EinasJeremijenko, AndrewKaleeckal, Anvar HassanLatif, Ali NizarShaik, Riyazuddin MohammadAbdul-Rahim, Hanan F.Nasrallah, Gheyath K.Al-Kuwari, Mohamed GhaithButt, Adeel A.Al-Romaihi, Hamad EidAl-Thani, Mohamed H.Al-Khal, AbdullatifBertollini, RobertoAbu-Raddad, Laith J.COVID-19BoosterReinfectionVariantCase-controlTest-negativeBackgroundProtection against SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic infection and severe COVID-19 of previous infection, mRNA two-dose vaccination, mRNA three-dose vaccination, and hybrid immunity of previous infection and vaccination were investigated in Qatar for the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants. MethodsSix national, matched, test-negative, case-control studies were conducted between January 18 and December 18, 2021 on a sample of 239,120 PCR-positive tests and 6,103,365 PCR-negative tests. FindingsEffectiveness of previous infection against Alpha, Beta, and Delta reinfection was 89.5% (95% CI: 85.5–92.3%), 87.9% (95% CI: 85.4–89.9%), and 90.0% (95% CI: 86.7–92.5%), respectively. Effectiveness of two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination against Alpha, Beta, and Delta infection was 90.5% (95% CI, 83.9–94.4%), 80.5% (95% CI: 79.0–82.0%), and 58.1% (95% CI: 54.6–61.3%), respectively. Effectiveness of three-dose BNT162b2 vaccination against Delta infection was 91.7% (95% CI: 87.1–94.7%). Effectiveness of hybrid immunity of previous infection and two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination was 97.4% (95% CI: 95.4–98.5%) against Beta infection and 94.5% (95% CI: 92.8–95.8%) against Delta infection. Effectiveness of previous infection and three-dose BNT162b2 vaccination was 98.1% (95% CI: 85.7–99.7%) against Delta infection. All five forms of immunity had >90% protection against severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 regardless of variant. Similar effectiveness estimates were observed for mRNA-1273. A mathematical model accurately predicted hybrid immunity protection by assuming that the individual effects of previous infection and vaccination acted independently. InterpretationHybrid immunity, offering the strongest protection, was mathematically predicted by assuming that the immunities obtained from previous infection and vaccination act independently, without synergy or redundancy. FundingThe Biomedical Research Program and the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and the Biomathematics Research Core, both at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Ministry of Public Health, Hamad Medical Corporation, Sidra Medicine, Qatar Genome Programme, Qatar University Biomedical Research Center, and Qatar University Internal Grant ID QUCG-CAS-23/24-114.The Biomedical Research Program and the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and the Biomathematics Research Core, both at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Ministry of Public Health, Hamad Medical Corporation, Sidra Medicine, Qatar Genome Programme, Qatar University Biomedical Research Center, and Qatar University Internal Grant ID QUCG-CAS-23/24-114.Elsevier2023-09-26T06:51:13Z2023-09-30Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.10473423523964https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396423002992http://hdl.handle.net/10576/4796695enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/479662024-07-23T15:51:34Z
spellingShingle Effects of previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity against symptomatic Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections: an observational study
Heba N., Altarawneh
COVID-19
Booster
Reinfection
Variant
Case-control
Test-negative
status_str publishedVersion
title Effects of previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity against symptomatic Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections: an observational study
title_full Effects of previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity against symptomatic Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections: an observational study
title_fullStr Effects of previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity against symptomatic Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections: an observational study
title_full_unstemmed Effects of previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity against symptomatic Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections: an observational study
title_short Effects of previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity against symptomatic Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections: an observational study
title_sort Effects of previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity against symptomatic Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections: an observational study
topic COVID-19
Booster
Reinfection
Variant
Case-control
Test-negative
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104734
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396423002992
http://hdl.handle.net/10576/47966