Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are the leading cause of acute disease incidence worldwide and contribute to a substantial health-care burden. Although acute otitis media is a common complication of URIs, the combined global burden of URIs and otitis media has not been studied compre...

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المؤلف الرئيسي:	Sirota, Sarah Brooke (author)
مؤلفون آخرون:	Doxey, Matthew C (author), Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva (author), Bender, Rose Grace (author), Vongpradith, Avina (author), Albertson, Samuel B (author), Novotney, Amanda (author), Burkart, Katrin (author), Carter, Austin (author), Abdi, Parsa (author), Abdoun, Meriem (author), Abebe, Ayele Mamo (author), Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (author), Aboagye, Richard Gyan (author), Abolhassani, Hassan (author), Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (author), Abualruz, Hasan (author), Abu-Gharbieh, Eman (author), Aburuz, Salahdein (author), Adane, Mesafint Molla (author), Addo, Isaac Yeboah (author), Adekanmbi, Victor (author), Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah (author), Adzigbli, Leticia Akua (author), Afzal, Muhammad Sohail (author), Afzal, Saira (author), Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku (author), Ahmad, Sajjad (author), Ahmed, Ayman (author), Ahmed, Haroon (author), Ahmed, Syed Anees (author), Akinosoglou, Karolina (author), Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed (author), Al Awaidy, Salah (author), Alalalmeh, Samer O (author), Albashtawy, Mohammed (author), AlBataineh, Mohammad T (author), Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed (author), Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji (author), Alhassan, Robert Kaba (author), Ali, Abid (author), Ali, Liaqat (author), Ali, Mohammed Usman (author), Ali, Syed Shujait (author), Ali, Waad (author), Almazan, Joseph Uy (author), Alqahtani, Jaber S (author), Alrawashdeh, Ahmad (author), Al-Rifai, Rami H (author), Alshahrani, Najim Z (author), Altartoor, Khaled (author), Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A (author), Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (author), Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed (author), Aly, Hany (author), Aly, Safwat (author), Alzoubi, Karem H (author), Al-Zyoud, Walid Adnan (author), Amhare, Abebe Feyissa (author), Amu, Hubert (author), Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi (author), Anil, Abhishek (author), Anvari, Saeid (author), Anyabolo, Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel (author), Arabloo, Jalal (author), Arafat, Mosab (author), Areda, Demelash (author), Aregawi, Brhane Berhe (author), Aremu, Abdulfatai (author), Athari, 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(author), Diaz, Daniel (author), Diaz, Michael J (author), Do, Thanh Chi (author), Do, Thao Huynh Phuong (author), Dodangeh, Masoud (author), Dorostkar, Fariba (author), Dsouza, Ashel Chelsea (author), Dsouza, Haneil Larson (author), Duraisamy, Senbagam (author), Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher (author), Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian (author), Ed-Dra, Abdelaziz (author), Ekholuenetale, Michael (author), Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus (author), El Sayed, Iman (author), El-Dahiyat, Faris (author), Elhadi, Muhammed (author), Elshaer, Mohammed (author), Eslami, Majid (author), Eze, Ugochukwu Anthony (author), Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis (author), Faramarzi, Ali (author), Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo (author), Ferreira, Nuno (author), Fischer, Florian (author), Fitriana, Ida (author), Flor, Luisa S (author), Gaihre, Santosh (author), Gajdács, Márió (author), Galehdar, Nasrin (author), Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat (author), Gebregergis, Miglas Welay (author), Gebrehiwot, Mesfin (author), Gebremeskel, Teferi 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Gang (author), Liu, Runben (author), Liu, Wei (author), Liu, Xiaofeng (author), Liu, Xuefeng (author), Lorenzovici, László (author), Luo, Lisha (author), Majeed, Azeem (author), Malakan Rad, Elaheh (author), Malhotra, Kashish (author), Malik, Iram (author), Manilal, Aseer (author), Mehta, Bharati (author), Mekene Meto, Tesfahun (author), Mekonnen, Mathewos M (author), Meles, Hadush Negash (author), Memish, Ziad Ahmed (author), Mendez-Lopez, Max Alberto (author), Meo, Sultan Ayoub (author), Merati, Mohsen (author), Mestrovic, Tomislav (author), Mettananda, Sachith (author), Minh, Le Huu Nhat (author), Mirrakhimov, Erkin M (author), Misra, Arup Kumar (author), Mohamed, Ahmed Ismail (author), Mohamed, Nouh Saad (author), Mohammed, Mesud (author), Mohammed, Mustapha (author), Mokdad, Ali H (author), Monasta, Lorenzo (author), Moni, Mohammad Ali (author), Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli (author), Moore, Catrin E (author), Morawska, Lidia (author), Motappa, Rohith (author), Mougin, Vincent (author), 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Orish, Verner N (author), Ortiz-Prado, Esteban (author), Otstavnov, Nikita (author), Ouyahia, Amel (author), P A, Mahesh Padukudru (author), Padubidri, Jagadish Rao (author), Pandey, Ashok (author), Pantazopoulos, Ioannis (author), Pardhan, Shahina (author), Parija, Pragyan Paramita (author), Parikh, Romil R (author), Park, Seoyeon (author), Parthasarathi, Ashwaghosha (author), Pasovic, Maja (author), Pathan, Aslam Ramjan (author), Patil, Shankargouda (author), Pawar, Shrikant (author), Peprah, Prince (author), Perianayagam, Arokiasamy (author), Perumal, Dhayaneethie (author), Petcu, Ionela-Roxana (author), Pham, Hoang Nhat (author), Pham, Hoang Tran (author), Philip, Anil K (author), Pigott, David M (author), Piracha, Zahra Zahid (author), Poddighe, Dimitri (author), Polibin, Roman V (author), Postma, Maarten J (author), Pourbabaki, Reza (author), Prates, Elton Junio Sady (author), Puvvula, Jagadeesh (author), Qazi, Asma Saleem (author), Qian, Gangzhen (author), Rafferty, Quinn (author), Rahim, Fakher (author), Rahimi, Mehran (author), Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa (author), Rahman, Md Obaidur (author), Rahman, Mosiur (author), Rahman, Muhammad Aziz (author), Rahmanian, Mohammad (author), Rahmanian, Nazanin (author), Rahmanian, Vahid (author), Rahmati, Masoud (author), Rajput, Prashant (author), Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed (author), Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran (author), Ramesh, Pushkal Sinduvadi (author), Rao, Indu Ramachandra (author), Rao, Mithun (author), Rao, Sowmya J (author), Rashedi, Sina (author), Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi (author), Rathish, Devarajan (author), Ravikumar, Nakul (author), Rawaf, Salman (author), Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed (author), Reyes, Luis Felipe Felipe (author), Rezaei, Nazila (author), Rezaei, Nima (author), Rezahosseini, Omid (author), Rizvi, Syed Mohd Danish (author), Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia (author), Ronfani, Luca (author), Roudashti, Shekoufeh (author), Roy, Priyanka (author), Ruela, Guilherme de Andrade (author), Saddik, Basema Ahmad (author), Saeb, Mohammad Reza (author), Saeed, Umar (author), Saeedi, Pooya (author), Safari, Mehdi (author), Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh (author), Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes (author), Sahebkar, Amirhossein (author), Sahu, Monalisha (author), Sakshaug, Joseph W (author), Salam, Nasir (author), Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa (author), Saleh, Mohamed A (author), Sallam, Malik (author), Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo (author), Sanjeev, Rama Krishna (author), Santric-Milicevic, Milena M (author), Saravanan, Aswini (author), Sartorius, Benn (author), Sathyanarayan, Anudeep (author), Saulam, Jennifer (author), Saxena, Sonia (author), Saya, Ganesh Kumar (author), Schaarschmidt, Benedikt Michael (author), Schumacher, Austin E (author), Sedighi, Mansour (author), Sendekie, Ashenafi Kibret (author), Senthilkumaran, Subramanian (author), Sethi, Yashendra (author), SeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmad (author), Shafie, Mahan (author), Shahid, Samiah (author), Shaikh, Masood Ali (author), Sham, 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Haijun (author), Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (author), Zhao, Yang (author), Zhou, Juexiao (author), Zia, Hafsa (author), Zielińska, Magdalena (author), Zoladl, Mohammad (author), Zyoud, Samer H (author), Aravkin, Aleksandr Y (author), Kassebaum, Nicholas J (author), Naghavi, Mohsen (author), Vos, Theo (author), Hay, Simon I (author), Murray, Christopher J L (author), Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe (author)
التنسيق:	article
منشور في:	2024
الموضوعات:	Upper respiratory infections Otitis media Epidemiology Infectious diseases Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
الوصول للمادة أونلاين:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00430-4 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473309924004304 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/62022
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_version_	1857415085128941568
author	Sirota, Sarah Brooke
author2	Doxey, Matthew C Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva Bender, Rose Grace Vongpradith, Avina Albertson, Samuel B Novotney, Amanda Burkart, Katrin Carter, Austin Abdi, Parsa Abdoun, Meriem Abebe, Ayele Mamo Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abualruz, Hasan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Aburuz, Salahdein Adane, Mesafint Molla Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adekanmbi, Victor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adzigbli, Leticia Akua Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Alalalmeh, Samer O Albashtawy, Mohammed AlBataineh, Mohammad T Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Abid Ali, Liaqat Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Almazan, Joseph Uy Alqahtani, Jaber S Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H Alshahrani, Najim Z Altartoor, Khaled Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed Aly, Hany Aly, Safwat Alzoubi, Karem H Al-Zyoud, Walid Adnan Amhare, Abebe Feyissa Amu, Hubert Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyabolo, Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aregawi, Brhane Berhe Aremu, Abdulfatai Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Aujayeb, Avinash Aynalem, Zewdu Bishaw Azadnajafabad, Sina Azzam, Ahmed Y Badar, Muhammad Bahrami Taghanaki, Pegah Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Bajcetic, Milica Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar Banach, Maciej Bardhan, Mainak Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Batra, Kavita Batra, Ravi Behnoush, Amir Hossein Beiranvand, Maryam Belete, Alemu Gedefie Belete, Melaku Ashagrie Beloukas, Apostolos Beran, Azizullah Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhargava, Ashish Bhat, Ajay Nagesh Bhuiyan, Mohiuddin Ahmed Bitra, Veera R Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Bogale, Eyob Ketema Boppana, Sri Harsha Borhany, Hamed Bouaoud, Souad Brown, Colin Stewart Buonsenso, Danilo Bustanji, Yasser Cámera, Luis Alberto Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A Cegolon, Luca Cenderadewi, Muthia Chakraborty, Sandip Chattu, Vijay Kumar Cheng, Esther T W Chichagi, Fatemeh Ching, Patrick R Chopra, Hitesh Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Christopher, Devasahayam J Chu, Dinh-Toi Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Chung, Erin Corlateanu, Alexandru Cruz-Martins, Natalia Dadana, Sriharsha Dadras, Omid Dahiru, Tukur Dai, Xiaochen Das, Jai K Dash, Nihar Ranjan Dashti, Mohsen Dashtkoohi, Mohadese De la Hoz, Fernando Pio Debopadhaya, Shayom Demessa, Berecha Hundessa Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devegowda, Devananda Dhama, Kuldeep Dhulipala, Vishal R Diaz, Daniel Diaz, Michael J Do, Thanh Chi Do, Thao Huynh Phuong Dodangeh, Masoud Dorostkar, Fariba Dsouza, Ashel Chelsea Dsouza, Haneil Larson Duraisamy, Senbagam Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian Ed-Dra, Abdelaziz Ekholuenetale, Michael Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus El Sayed, Iman El-Dahiyat, Faris Elhadi, Muhammed Elshaer, Mohammed Eslami, Majid Eze, Ugochukwu Anthony Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis Faramarzi, Ali Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo Ferreira, Nuno Fischer, Florian Fitriana, Ida Flor, Luisa S Gaihre, Santosh Gajdács, Márió Galehdar, Nasrin Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat Gebregergis, Miglas Welay Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru Getahun, Genanew K Getie, Molla Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh Ghorbani, Mahsa Goldust, Mohamad Golechha, Mahaveer Goleij, Pouya Gorini, Giuseppe Goyal, Anmol Guan, Shi-Yang Guarducci, Giovanni Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa Gupta, Renu Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Hadei, Mostafa Hadi, Najah R Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin Halwani, Rabih Hamidi, Samer Hammoud, Ahmad Hanifi, Nasrin Hanna, Fahad Haq, Zaim Anan Haque, Md Rabiul Hasan, S M Mahmudul Hasani, Hamidreza Hasnain, Md Saquib Hassankhani, Hadi Haubold, Johannes Hayat, Khezar Hegazi, Omar E Hezam, Kamal Holla, Ramesh Hoogar, Praveen Horita, Nobuyuki Hostiuc, Mihaela Huynh, Hong-Han Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Ilic, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Imam, Mohammad Tarique Isa, Mustafa Alhaji Islam, Md Rabiul Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah Iwagami, Masao J, Vinothini Jafarzadeh, Abdollah Jaggi, Khushleen Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Jamshidi, Elham Jayaram, Shubha Jeswani, Bijay Mukesh Jha, Ravi Prakash Jose, Jobinse Joseph, Nitin Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy K, Vaishali Kabir, Zubair Kandel, Himal Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem Kant, Surya Kantar, Rami S Karaye, Ibraheem M Karimi Behnagh, Arman Kaur, Navjot Khajuria, Himanshu Khalaji, Amirmohammad Khamesipour, Faham Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, M Nuruzzaman Khan, Maseer Khan, Mohammad Jobair Kim, Min Seo Kimokoti, Ruth W Kochhar, Sonali Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich Kosen, Soewarta Krishan, Kewal Krishna, Hare Krishnamoorthy, Vijay Kuate Defo, Barthelemy Kuddus, Md Abdul Kuddus, Mohammed Kuitunen, Ilari Kulimbet, Mukhtar Kumar, Dewesh Kurmi, Om P Kutikuppala, L V Simhachalam Lahariya, Chandrakant Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Lasrado, Savita Latifinaibin, Kaveh Le, Huu-Hoai Le, Nhi Huu Hanh Le, Thao Thi Thu Le, Trang Diep Thanh Lee, Seung Won Lee, Wei-Chen Li, Ming-Chieh Li, Peng Lim, Stephen S Liu, Gang Liu, Runben Liu, Wei Liu, Xiaofeng Liu, Xuefeng Lorenzovici, László Luo, Lisha Majeed, Azeem Malakan Rad, Elaheh Malhotra, Kashish Malik, Iram Manilal, Aseer Mehta, Bharati Mekene Meto, Tesfahun Mekonnen, Mathewos M Meles, Hadush Negash Memish, Ziad Ahmed Mendez-Lopez, Max Alberto Meo, Sultan Ayoub Merati, Mohsen Mestrovic, Tomislav Mettananda, Sachith Minh, Le Huu Nhat Mirrakhimov, Erkin M Misra, Arup Kumar Mohamed, Ahmed Ismail Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohammed, Mesud Mohammed, Mustapha Mokdad, Ali H Monasta, Lorenzo Moni, Mohammad Ali Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli Moore, Catrin E Morawska, Lidia Motappa, Rohith Mougin, Vincent Mousavi, Parsa Mustafa, Ghulam Naghavi, Pirouz Naik, Ganesh R Nainu, Firzan Najafi, Mohammad Sadeq Najdaghi, Soroush Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid Nargus, Shumaila Narimani Davani, Delaram Naser, Mohammad Natto, Zuhair S Nayak, Biswa Prakash Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria Nguyen, Dang H Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien Nguyen, Van Thanh Nikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos Noman, Efaq Ali Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia Nwatah, Vincent Ebuka Odetokun, Ismail A Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul Okonji, Osaretin Christabel Okwute, Patrick Godwin Olanipekun, Titilope O Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola Omer, Goran Latif Onyedibe, Kenneth Ikenna Ordak, Michal Orish, Verner N Ortiz-Prado, Esteban Otstavnov, Nikita Ouyahia, Amel P A, Mahesh Padukudru Padubidri, Jagadish Rao Pandey, Ashok Pantazopoulos, Ioannis Pardhan, Shahina Parija, Pragyan Paramita Parikh, Romil R Park, Seoyeon Parthasarathi, Ashwaghosha Pasovic, Maja Pathan, Aslam Ramjan Patil, Shankargouda Pawar, Shrikant Peprah, Prince Perianayagam, Arokiasamy Perumal, Dhayaneethie Petcu, Ionela-Roxana Pham, Hoang Nhat Pham, Hoang Tran Philip, Anil K Pigott, David M Piracha, Zahra Zahid Poddighe, Dimitri Polibin, Roman V Postma, Maarten J Pourbabaki, Reza Prates, Elton Junio Sady Puvvula, Jagadeesh Qazi, Asma Saleem Qian, Gangzhen Rafferty, Quinn Rahim, Fakher Rahimi, Mehran Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa Rahman, Md Obaidur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahmanian, Mohammad Rahmanian, Nazanin Rahmanian, Vahid Rahmati, Masoud Rajput, Prashant Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran Ramesh, Pushkal Sinduvadi Rao, Indu Ramachandra Rao, Mithun Rao, Sowmya J Rashedi, Sina Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rathish, Devarajan Ravikumar, Nakul Rawaf, Salman Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Reyes, Luis Felipe Felipe Rezaei, Nazila Rezaei, Nima Rezahosseini, Omid Rizvi, Syed Mohd Danish Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Ronfani, Luca Roudashti, Shekoufeh Roy, Priyanka Ruela, Guilherme de Andrade Saddik, Basema Ahmad Saeb, Mohammad Reza Saeed, Umar Saeedi, Pooya Safari, Mehdi Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes Sahebkar, Amirhossein Sahu, Monalisha Sakshaug, Joseph W Salam, Nasir Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa Saleh, Mohamed A Sallam, Malik Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo Sanjeev, Rama Krishna Santric-Milicevic, Milena M Saravanan, Aswini Sartorius, Benn Sathyanarayan, Anudeep Saulam, Jennifer Saxena, Sonia Saya, Ganesh Kumar Schaarschmidt, Benedikt Michael Schumacher, Austin E Sedighi, Mansour Sendekie, Ashenafi Kibret Senthilkumaran, Subramanian Sethi, Yashendra SeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmad Shafie, Mahan Shahid, Samiah Shaikh, Masood Ali Sham, Sunder Shamshirgaran, Mohammad Ali Shanawaz, Mohd Shannawaz, Mohammed Sharifan, Amin Sharifi-Rad, Javad Shastry, Rajesh P Sheikh, Aziz Shigematsu, Mika Shiri, Rahman Shittu, Aminu Shiue, Ivy Shorofi, Seyed Afshin Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar Simpson, Colin R Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Surjit Sinto, Robert Solanki, Ranjan Soliman, Sameh S M Suleman, Muhammad Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan Swain, Chandan Kumar Szarpak, Lukasz Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad Tabish, Mohammad Taha, Zanan Mohammed-Ameen Taiba, Jabeen Talaat, Iman M Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze Taye, Birhan Tsegaw Tefera, Yibekal Manaye Temsah, Mohamad-Hani Terefa, Dufera Rikitu Thakur, Ramna Thapar, Rekha Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish Tichopad, Ales Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Tran, Nghia Minh Tran, Ngoc Ha Tran Minh Duc, Nguyen Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom Tumurkhuu, Munkhtuya Udoakang, Aniefiok John Upadhyay, Era Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj Valizadeh, Rohollah Vasankari, Tommi Juhani Vinayak, Manish Waqas, Muhammad Weldetinsaa, Haftom Legese Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Yadollahpour, Ali Yaghoubi, Sajad Yezli, Saber Yin, Dehui Yon, Dong Keon Yonemoto, Naohiro Yu, Yong Zakham, Fathiah Zandieh, Ghazal G Z Zare, Iman Zarimeidani, Fatemeh Zastrozhin, Michael Zhai, Chunxia Zhang, Haijun Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zhao, Yang Zhou, Juexiao Zia, Hafsa Zielińska, Magdalena Zoladl, Mohammad Zyoud, Samer H Aravkin, Aleksandr Y Kassebaum, Nicholas J Naghavi, Mohsen Vos, Theo Hay, Simon I Murray, Christopher J L Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe
author2_role	author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author
author_facet	Sirota, Sarah Brooke Doxey, Matthew C Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva Bender, Rose Grace Vongpradith, Avina Albertson, Samuel B Novotney, Amanda Burkart, Katrin Carter, Austin Abdi, Parsa Abdoun, Meriem Abebe, Ayele Mamo Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abualruz, Hasan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Aburuz, Salahdein Adane, Mesafint Molla Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adekanmbi, Victor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adzigbli, Leticia Akua Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Alalalmeh, Samer O Albashtawy, Mohammed AlBataineh, Mohammad T Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Abid Ali, Liaqat Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Almazan, Joseph Uy Alqahtani, Jaber S Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H Alshahrani, Najim Z Altartoor, Khaled Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed Aly, Hany Aly, Safwat Alzoubi, Karem H Al-Zyoud, Walid Adnan Amhare, Abebe Feyissa Amu, Hubert Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyabolo, Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aregawi, Brhane Berhe Aremu, Abdulfatai Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Aujayeb, Avinash Aynalem, Zewdu Bishaw Azadnajafabad, Sina Azzam, Ahmed Y Badar, Muhammad Bahrami Taghanaki, Pegah Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Bajcetic, Milica Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar Banach, Maciej Bardhan, Mainak Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Batra, Kavita Batra, Ravi Behnoush, Amir Hossein Beiranvand, Maryam Belete, Alemu Gedefie Belete, Melaku Ashagrie Beloukas, Apostolos Beran, Azizullah Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhargava, Ashish Bhat, Ajay Nagesh Bhuiyan, Mohiuddin Ahmed Bitra, Veera R Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Bogale, Eyob Ketema Boppana, Sri Harsha Borhany, Hamed Bouaoud, Souad Brown, Colin Stewart Buonsenso, Danilo Bustanji, Yasser Cámera, Luis Alberto Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A Cegolon, Luca Cenderadewi, Muthia Chakraborty, Sandip Chattu, Vijay Kumar Cheng, Esther T W Chichagi, Fatemeh Ching, Patrick R Chopra, Hitesh Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Christopher, Devasahayam J Chu, Dinh-Toi Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Chung, Erin Corlateanu, Alexandru Cruz-Martins, Natalia Dadana, Sriharsha Dadras, Omid Dahiru, Tukur Dai, Xiaochen Das, Jai K Dash, Nihar Ranjan Dashti, Mohsen Dashtkoohi, Mohadese De la Hoz, Fernando Pio Debopadhaya, Shayom Demessa, Berecha Hundessa Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devegowda, Devananda Dhama, Kuldeep Dhulipala, Vishal R Diaz, Daniel Diaz, Michael J Do, Thanh Chi Do, Thao Huynh Phuong Dodangeh, Masoud Dorostkar, Fariba Dsouza, Ashel Chelsea Dsouza, Haneil Larson Duraisamy, Senbagam Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian Ed-Dra, Abdelaziz Ekholuenetale, Michael Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus El Sayed, Iman El-Dahiyat, Faris Elhadi, Muhammed Elshaer, Mohammed Eslami, Majid Eze, Ugochukwu Anthony Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis Faramarzi, Ali Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo Ferreira, Nuno Fischer, Florian Fitriana, Ida Flor, Luisa S Gaihre, Santosh Gajdács, Márió Galehdar, Nasrin Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat Gebregergis, Miglas Welay Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru Getahun, Genanew K Getie, Molla Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh Ghorbani, Mahsa Goldust, Mohamad Golechha, Mahaveer Goleij, Pouya Gorini, Giuseppe Goyal, Anmol Guan, Shi-Yang Guarducci, Giovanni Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa Gupta, Renu Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Hadei, Mostafa Hadi, Najah R Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin Halwani, Rabih Hamidi, Samer Hammoud, Ahmad Hanifi, Nasrin Hanna, Fahad Haq, Zaim Anan Haque, Md Rabiul Hasan, S M Mahmudul Hasani, Hamidreza Hasnain, Md Saquib Hassankhani, Hadi Haubold, Johannes Hayat, Khezar Hegazi, Omar E Hezam, Kamal Holla, Ramesh Hoogar, Praveen Horita, Nobuyuki Hostiuc, Mihaela Huynh, Hong-Han Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Ilic, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Imam, Mohammad Tarique Isa, Mustafa Alhaji Islam, Md Rabiul Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah Iwagami, Masao J, Vinothini Jafarzadeh, Abdollah Jaggi, Khushleen Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Jamshidi, Elham Jayaram, Shubha Jeswani, Bijay Mukesh Jha, Ravi Prakash Jose, Jobinse Joseph, Nitin Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy K, Vaishali Kabir, Zubair Kandel, Himal Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem Kant, Surya Kantar, Rami S Karaye, Ibraheem M Karimi Behnagh, Arman Kaur, Navjot Khajuria, Himanshu Khalaji, Amirmohammad Khamesipour, Faham Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, M Nuruzzaman Khan, Maseer Khan, Mohammad Jobair Kim, Min Seo Kimokoti, Ruth W Kochhar, Sonali Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich Kosen, Soewarta Krishan, Kewal Krishna, Hare Krishnamoorthy, Vijay Kuate Defo, Barthelemy Kuddus, Md Abdul Kuddus, Mohammed Kuitunen, Ilari Kulimbet, Mukhtar Kumar, Dewesh Kurmi, Om P Kutikuppala, L V Simhachalam Lahariya, Chandrakant Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Lasrado, Savita Latifinaibin, Kaveh Le, Huu-Hoai Le, Nhi Huu Hanh Le, Thao Thi Thu Le, Trang Diep Thanh Lee, Seung Won Lee, Wei-Chen Li, Ming-Chieh Li, Peng Lim, Stephen S Liu, Gang Liu, Runben Liu, Wei Liu, Xiaofeng Liu, Xuefeng Lorenzovici, László Luo, Lisha Majeed, Azeem Malakan Rad, Elaheh Malhotra, Kashish Malik, Iram Manilal, Aseer Mehta, Bharati Mekene Meto, Tesfahun Mekonnen, Mathewos M Meles, Hadush Negash Memish, Ziad Ahmed Mendez-Lopez, Max Alberto Meo, Sultan Ayoub Merati, Mohsen Mestrovic, Tomislav Mettananda, Sachith Minh, Le Huu Nhat Mirrakhimov, Erkin M Misra, Arup Kumar Mohamed, Ahmed Ismail Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohammed, Mesud Mohammed, Mustapha Mokdad, Ali H Monasta, Lorenzo Moni, Mohammad Ali Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli Moore, Catrin E Morawska, Lidia Motappa, Rohith Mougin, Vincent Mousavi, Parsa Mustafa, Ghulam Naghavi, Pirouz Naik, Ganesh R Nainu, Firzan Najafi, Mohammad Sadeq Najdaghi, Soroush Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid Nargus, Shumaila Narimani Davani, Delaram Naser, Mohammad Natto, Zuhair S Nayak, Biswa Prakash Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria Nguyen, Dang H Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien Nguyen, Van Thanh Nikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos Noman, Efaq Ali Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia Nwatah, Vincent Ebuka Odetokun, Ismail A Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul Okonji, Osaretin Christabel Okwute, Patrick Godwin Olanipekun, Titilope O Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola Omer, Goran Latif Onyedibe, Kenneth Ikenna Ordak, Michal Orish, Verner N Ortiz-Prado, Esteban Otstavnov, Nikita Ouyahia, Amel P A, Mahesh Padukudru Padubidri, Jagadish Rao Pandey, Ashok Pantazopoulos, Ioannis Pardhan, Shahina Parija, Pragyan Paramita Parikh, Romil R Park, Seoyeon Parthasarathi, Ashwaghosha Pasovic, Maja Pathan, Aslam Ramjan Patil, Shankargouda Pawar, Shrikant Peprah, Prince Perianayagam, Arokiasamy Perumal, Dhayaneethie Petcu, Ionela-Roxana Pham, Hoang Nhat Pham, Hoang Tran Philip, Anil K Pigott, David M Piracha, Zahra Zahid Poddighe, Dimitri Polibin, Roman V Postma, Maarten J Pourbabaki, Reza Prates, Elton Junio Sady Puvvula, Jagadeesh Qazi, Asma Saleem Qian, Gangzhen Rafferty, Quinn Rahim, Fakher Rahimi, Mehran Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa Rahman, Md Obaidur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahmanian, Mohammad Rahmanian, Nazanin Rahmanian, Vahid Rahmati, Masoud Rajput, Prashant Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran Ramesh, Pushkal Sinduvadi Rao, Indu Ramachandra Rao, Mithun Rao, Sowmya J Rashedi, Sina Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rathish, Devarajan Ravikumar, Nakul Rawaf, Salman Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Reyes, Luis Felipe Felipe Rezaei, Nazila Rezaei, Nima Rezahosseini, Omid Rizvi, Syed Mohd Danish Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Ronfani, Luca Roudashti, Shekoufeh Roy, Priyanka Ruela, Guilherme de Andrade Saddik, Basema Ahmad Saeb, Mohammad Reza Saeed, Umar Saeedi, Pooya Safari, Mehdi Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes Sahebkar, Amirhossein Sahu, Monalisha Sakshaug, Joseph W Salam, Nasir Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa Saleh, Mohamed A Sallam, Malik Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo Sanjeev, Rama Krishna Santric-Milicevic, Milena M Saravanan, Aswini Sartorius, Benn Sathyanarayan, Anudeep Saulam, Jennifer Saxena, Sonia Saya, Ganesh Kumar Schaarschmidt, Benedikt Michael Schumacher, Austin E Sedighi, Mansour Sendekie, Ashenafi Kibret Senthilkumaran, Subramanian Sethi, Yashendra SeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmad Shafie, Mahan Shahid, Samiah Shaikh, Masood Ali Sham, Sunder Shamshirgaran, Mohammad Ali Shanawaz, Mohd Shannawaz, Mohammed Sharifan, Amin Sharifi-Rad, Javad Shastry, Rajesh P Sheikh, Aziz Shigematsu, Mika Shiri, Rahman Shittu, Aminu Shiue, Ivy Shorofi, Seyed Afshin Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar Simpson, Colin R Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Surjit Sinto, Robert Solanki, Ranjan Soliman, Sameh S M Suleman, Muhammad Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan Swain, Chandan Kumar Szarpak, Lukasz Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad Tabish, Mohammad Taha, Zanan Mohammed-Ameen Taiba, Jabeen Talaat, Iman M Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze Taye, Birhan Tsegaw Tefera, Yibekal Manaye Temsah, Mohamad-Hani Terefa, Dufera Rikitu Thakur, Ramna Thapar, Rekha Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish Tichopad, Ales Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Tran, Nghia Minh Tran, Ngoc Ha Tran Minh Duc, Nguyen Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom Tumurkhuu, Munkhtuya Udoakang, Aniefiok John Upadhyay, Era Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj Valizadeh, Rohollah Vasankari, Tommi Juhani Vinayak, Manish Waqas, Muhammad Weldetinsaa, Haftom Legese Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Yadollahpour, Ali Yaghoubi, Sajad Yezli, Saber Yin, Dehui Yon, Dong Keon Yonemoto, Naohiro Yu, Yong Zakham, Fathiah Zandieh, Ghazal G Z Zare, Iman Zarimeidani, Fatemeh Zastrozhin, Michael Zhai, Chunxia Zhang, Haijun Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zhao, Yang Zhou, Juexiao Zia, Hafsa Zielińska, Magdalena Zoladl, Mohammad Zyoud, Samer H Aravkin, Aleksandr Y Kassebaum, Nicholas J Naghavi, Mohsen Vos, Theo Hay, Simon I Murray, Christopher J L Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe
author_role	author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv	Sirota, Sarah Brooke Doxey, Matthew C Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva Bender, Rose Grace Vongpradith, Avina Albertson, Samuel B Novotney, Amanda Burkart, Katrin Carter, Austin Abdi, Parsa Abdoun, Meriem Abebe, Ayele Mamo Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abualruz, Hasan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Aburuz, Salahdein Adane, Mesafint Molla Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adekanmbi, Victor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adzigbli, Leticia Akua Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Alalalmeh, Samer O Albashtawy, Mohammed AlBataineh, Mohammad T Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Abid Ali, Liaqat Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Almazan, Joseph Uy Alqahtani, Jaber S Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H Alshahrani, Najim Z Altartoor, Khaled Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed Aly, Hany Aly, Safwat Alzoubi, Karem H Al-Zyoud, Walid Adnan Amhare, Abebe Feyissa Amu, Hubert Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyabolo, Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aregawi, Brhane Berhe Aremu, Abdulfatai Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Aujayeb, Avinash Aynalem, Zewdu Bishaw Azadnajafabad, Sina Azzam, Ahmed Y Badar, Muhammad Bahrami Taghanaki, Pegah Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Bajcetic, Milica Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar Banach, Maciej Bardhan, Mainak Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Batra, Kavita Batra, Ravi Behnoush, Amir Hossein Beiranvand, Maryam Belete, Alemu Gedefie Belete, Melaku Ashagrie Beloukas, Apostolos Beran, Azizullah Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhargava, Ashish Bhat, Ajay Nagesh Bhuiyan, Mohiuddin Ahmed Bitra, Veera R Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Bogale, Eyob Ketema Boppana, Sri Harsha Borhany, Hamed Bouaoud, Souad Brown, Colin Stewart Buonsenso, Danilo Bustanji, Yasser Cámera, Luis Alberto Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A Cegolon, Luca Cenderadewi, Muthia Chakraborty, Sandip Chattu, Vijay Kumar Cheng, Esther T W Chichagi, Fatemeh Ching, Patrick R Chopra, Hitesh Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Christopher, Devasahayam J Chu, Dinh-Toi Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Chung, Erin Corlateanu, Alexandru Cruz-Martins, Natalia Dadana, Sriharsha Dadras, Omid Dahiru, Tukur Dai, Xiaochen Das, Jai K Dash, Nihar Ranjan Dashti, Mohsen Dashtkoohi, Mohadese De la Hoz, Fernando Pio Debopadhaya, Shayom Demessa, Berecha Hundessa Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devegowda, Devananda Dhama, Kuldeep Dhulipala, Vishal R Diaz, Daniel Diaz, Michael J Do, Thanh Chi Do, Thao Huynh Phuong Dodangeh, Masoud Dorostkar, Fariba Dsouza, Ashel Chelsea Dsouza, Haneil Larson Duraisamy, Senbagam Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian Ed-Dra, Abdelaziz Ekholuenetale, Michael Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus El Sayed, Iman El-Dahiyat, Faris 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dc.date.none.fl_str_mv	2024-12-26T06:21:47Z 2024-09-09
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv	application/pdf
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00430-4 Sirota, Sarah Brooke et al.(2024).Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, The Lancet Infectious Diseases 1473-3099 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473309924004304 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/62022 1474-4457
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv	en
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Elsevier Ltd.
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	Upper respiratory infections Otitis media Epidemiology Infectious diseases Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article
description	Background: Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are the leading cause of acute disease incidence worldwide and contribute to a substantial health-care burden. Although acute otitis media is a common complication of URIs, the combined global burden of URIs and otitis media has not been studied comprehensively. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to explore the fatal and non-fatal burden of the two diseases across all age groups, including a granular analysis of children younger than 5 years, in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Mortality due to URIs and otitis media was estimated with use of vital registration and sample-based vital registration data, which are used as inputs to the Cause of Death Ensemble model to separately model URIs and otitis media mortality by age and sex. Morbidity was modelled with a Bayesian meta-regression tool using data from published studies identified via systematic reviews, population-based survey data, and cause-specific URI and otitis media mortality estimates. Additionally, we assessed and compared the burden of otitis media as it relates to URIs and examined the collective burden and contributing risk factors of both diseases. Findings: The global number of new episodes of URIs was 12·8 billion (95% uncertainty interval 11·4 to 14·5) for all ages across males and females in 2021. The global all-age incidence rate of URIs decreased by 10·1% (–12·0 to –8·1) from 1990 to 2019. From 2019 to 2021, the global all-age incidence rate fell by 0·5% (–0·8 to –0·1). Globally, the incidence rate of URIs was 162 484·8 per 100 000 population (144 834·0 to 183 289·4) in 2021, a decrease of 10·5% (–12·4 to –8·4) from 1990, when the incidence rate was 181 552·5 per 100 000 population (160 827·4 to 206 214·7). The highest incidence rates of URIs were seen in children younger than 2 years in 2021, and the largest number of episodes was in children aged 5–9 years. The number of new episodes of otitis media globally for all ages was 391 million (292 to 525) in 2021. The global incidence rate of otitis media was 4958·9 per 100 000 (3705·4 to 6658·6) in 2021, a decrease of 16·3% (–18·1 to –14·0) from 1990, when the incidence rate was 5925·5 per 100 000 (4371·8 to 8097·9). The incidence rate of otitis media in 2021 was highest in children younger than 2 years, and the largest number of episodes was in children aged 2–4 years. The mortality rate of URIs in 2021 was 0·2 per 100 000 (0·1 to 0·5), a decrease of 64·2% (–84·6 to –43·4) from 1990, when the mortality rate was 0·7 per 100 000 (0·2 to 1·1). In both 1990 and 2021, the mortality rate of otitis media was less than 0·1 per 100 000. Together, the combined burden accounted for by URIs and otitis media in 2021 was 6·86 million (4·24 to 10·4) years lived with disability and 8·16 million (4·99 to 12·0) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for all ages across males and females. Globally, the all-age DALY rate of URIs and otitis media combined in 2021 was 103 per 100 000 (63 to 152). Infants aged 1–5 months had the highest combined DALY rate in 2021 (647 per 100 000 [189 to 1412]), followed by early neonates (aged 0–6 days; 582 per 100 000 [176 to 1297]) and late neonates (aged 7–24 days; 482 per 100 000 [161 to 1052]). Interpretation: The findings of this study highlight the widespread burden posed by URIs and otitis media across all age groups and both sexes. There is a continued need for surveillance, prevention, and management to better understand and reduce the burden associated with URIs and otitis media, and research is needed to assess their impacts on individuals, communities, economies, and health-care systems worldwide. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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identifier_str_mv	Sirota, Sarah Brooke et al.(2024).Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, The Lancet Infectious Diseases 1473-3099 1474-4457
language_invalid_str_mv	en
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network_name_str	Qatar University repository
oai_identifier_str	oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/62022
publishDate	2024
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JenniferSaxena, SoniaSaya, Ganesh KumarSchaarschmidt, Benedikt MichaelSchumacher, Austin ESedighi, MansourSendekie, Ashenafi KibretSenthilkumaran, SubramanianSethi, YashendraSeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmadShafie, MahanShahid, SamiahShaikh, Masood AliSham, SunderShamshirgaran, Mohammad AliShanawaz, MohdShannawaz, MohammedSharifan, AminSharifi-Rad, JavadShastry, Rajesh PSheikh, AzizShigematsu, MikaShiri, RahmanShittu, AminuShiue, IvyShorofi, Seyed AfshinSiddig, Emmanuel EdwarSimpson, Colin RSingh, Jasvinder ASingh, ParamdeepSingh, SurjitSinto, RobertSolanki, RanjanSoliman, Sameh S MSuleman, MuhammadSuliankatchi Abdulkader, RizwanSwain, Chandan KumarSzarpak, LukaszTabatabaei, Seyyed MohammadTabish, MohammadTaha, Zanan Mohammed-AmeenTaiba, JabeenTalaat, Iman MTamuzi, Jacques LukenzeTaye, Birhan TsegawTefera, Yibekal ManayeTemsah, Mohamad-HaniTerefa, Dufera RikituThakur, RamnaThapar, RekhaThirunavukkarasu, SathishTichopad, AlesTicoalu, Jansje Henny VeraTovani-Palone, Marcos RobertoTran, Nghia MinhTran, Ngoc HaTran Minh Duc, NguyenTsegay, Guesh MebrahtomTumurkhuu, MunkhtuyaUdoakang, Aniefiok JohnUpadhyay, EraVahabi, Seyed MohammadVaithinathan, Asokan GovindarajValizadeh, RohollahVasankari, Tommi JuhaniVinayak, ManishWaqas, MuhammadWeldetinsaa, Haftom LegeseWickramasinghe, Nuwan DarshanaYadollahpour, AliYaghoubi, SajadYezli, SaberYin, DehuiYon, Dong KeonYonemoto, NaohiroYu, YongZakham, FathiahZandieh, Ghazal G ZZare, ImanZarimeidani, FatemehZastrozhin, MichaelZhai, ChunxiaZhang, HaijunZhang, Zhi-JiangZhao, YangZhou, JuexiaoZia, HafsaZielińska, MagdalenaZoladl, MohammadZyoud, Samer HAravkin, Aleksandr YKassebaum, Nicholas JNaghavi, MohsenVos, TheoHay, Simon IMurray, Christopher J LKyu, Hmwe HmweUpper respiratory infectionsOtitis mediaEpidemiologyInfectious diseasesDisability-adjusted life years (DALYs)Background: Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are the leading cause of acute disease incidence worldwide and contribute to a substantial health-care burden. Although acute otitis media is a common complication of URIs, the combined global burden of URIs and otitis media has not been studied comprehensively. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to explore the fatal and non-fatal burden of the two diseases across all age groups, including a granular analysis of children younger than 5 years, in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Mortality due to URIs and otitis media was estimated with use of vital registration and sample-based vital registration data, which are used as inputs to the Cause of Death Ensemble model to separately model URIs and otitis media mortality by age and sex. Morbidity was modelled with a Bayesian meta-regression tool using data from published studies identified via systematic reviews, population-based survey data, and cause-specific URI and otitis media mortality estimates. Additionally, we assessed and compared the burden of otitis media as it relates to URIs and examined the collective burden and contributing risk factors of both diseases. Findings: The global number of new episodes of URIs was 12·8 billion (95% uncertainty interval 11·4 to 14·5) for all ages across males and females in 2021. The global all-age incidence rate of URIs decreased by 10·1% (–12·0 to –8·1) from 1990 to 2019. From 2019 to 2021, the global all-age incidence rate fell by 0·5% (–0·8 to –0·1). Globally, the incidence rate of URIs was 162 484·8 per 100 000 population (144 834·0 to 183 289·4) in 2021, a decrease of 10·5% (–12·4 to –8·4) from 1990, when the incidence rate was 181 552·5 per 100 000 population (160 827·4 to 206 214·7). The highest incidence rates of URIs were seen in children younger than 2 years in 2021, and the largest number of episodes was in children aged 5–9 years. The number of new episodes of otitis media globally for all ages was 391 million (292 to 525) in 2021. The global incidence rate of otitis media was 4958·9 per 100 000 (3705·4 to 6658·6) in 2021, a decrease of 16·3% (–18·1 to –14·0) from 1990, when the incidence rate was 5925·5 per 100 000 (4371·8 to 8097·9). The incidence rate of otitis media in 2021 was highest in children younger than 2 years, and the largest number of episodes was in children aged 2–4 years. The mortality rate of URIs in 2021 was 0·2 per 100 000 (0·1 to 0·5), a decrease of 64·2% (–84·6 to –43·4) from 1990, when the mortality rate was 0·7 per 100 000 (0·2 to 1·1). In both 1990 and 2021, the mortality rate of otitis media was less than 0·1 per 100 000. Together, the combined burden accounted for by URIs and otitis media in 2021 was 6·86 million (4·24 to 10·4) years lived with disability and 8·16 million (4·99 to 12·0) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for all ages across males and females. Globally, the all-age DALY rate of URIs and otitis media combined in 2021 was 103 per 100 000 (63 to 152). Infants aged 1–5 months had the highest combined DALY rate in 2021 (647 per 100 000 [189 to 1412]), followed by early neonates (aged 0–6 days; 582 per 100 000 [176 to 1297]) and late neonates (aged 7–24 days; 482 per 100 000 [161 to 1052]). Interpretation: The findings of this study highlight the widespread burden posed by URIs and otitis media across all age groups and both sexes. There is a continued need for surveillance, prevention, and management to better understand and reduce the burden associated with URIs and otitis media, and research is needed to assess their impacts on individuals, communities, economies, and health-care systems worldwide. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Elsevier Ltd.2024-12-26T06:21:47Z2024-09-09Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00430-4Sirota, Sarah Brooke et al.(2024).Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, The Lancet Infectious Diseases1473-3099https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473309924004304http://hdl.handle.net/10576/620221474-4457enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/620222024-12-26T19:05:36Z
spellingShingle	Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 Sirota, Sarah Brooke Upper respiratory infections Otitis media Epidemiology Infectious diseases Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
status_str	publishedVersion
title	Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
title_full	Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
title_fullStr	Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
title_full_unstemmed	Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
title_short	Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
title_sort	Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
topic	Upper respiratory infections Otitis media Epidemiology Infectious diseases Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00430-4 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473309924004304 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/62022

Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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