Global, regional, and national burden of HIV/AIDS, 1990–2021, and forecasts to 2050, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundAs set out in Sustainable Development Goal 3.3, the target date for ending the HIV epidemic as a public health threat is 2030. Therefore, there is a crucial need to evaluate current epidemiological trends and monitor global progress towards HIV incidence and mortality reduction goals. In t...

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Main Author:	Austin, Carter (author)
Other Authors:	Zhang, Meixin (author), Tram, Khai Hoan (author), Walters, Magdalene K (author), Jahagirdar, Deepa (author), Brewer, Edmond D (author), Novotney, Amanda (author), Lasher, Dylan (author), Mpolya, Emmanuel A (author), Vongpradith, Avina (author), Ma, Jianing (author), Verma, Megan (author), Frank, Tahvi D (author), He, Jiawei (author), Byrne, Sam (author), Lin, Christine (author), Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva (author), Pease, Spencer A (author), Comfort, Haley (author), May, Erin A (author), Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis (author), Abbastabar, Hedayat (author), Abdelkader, Atef (author), Abdi, Parsa (author), Abdoun, Meriem (author), Abdul Aziz, Jeza Muhamad (author), Abidi, Hassan (author), Abiodun, Olumide (author), Aboagye, Richard Gyan (author), Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (author), Abtew, Yonas Derso (author), Abu-Gharbieh, Eman (author), Aburuz, Salahdein (author), Abu-Zaid, Ahmed (author), Addo, Isaac Yeboah (author), Adegboye, Oyelola A (author), Adekanmbi, Victor (author), Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun (author), Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi (author), Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo (author), Adhikari, Kishor (author), Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah (author), Adzigbli, Leticia Akua (author), Afrashteh, Fatemeh (author), Afzal, Saira (author), Aghamiri, Shahin (author), Agide, Feleke Doyore (author), Agodi, Antonella (author), Agyemang-Duah, Williams (author), Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku (author), Ahmad, Faisal (author), Ahmad, Sajjad (author), Ahmad, Shahzaib (author), Ahmad, Aqeel (author), Ahmed, Ibrar (author), Ahmed, Haroon (author), Ahmed, Syed Anees (author), Ahmed, Safoora (author), Ahmed, Ali (author), Ahmed, Mohammed (author), Ahmed, Ayman (author), Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse (author), Akinosoglou, Karolina (author), Al Awaidy, Salah (author), Al Hamad, Hanadi (author), Al Mosa, Amjad S (author), Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed (author), Alalalmeh, Samer O (author), Alam, Nazmul (author), Alam, Noore (author), Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour (author), Alayu, 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Format:	article
Published:	2024
Subjects:	GBD, HIV/AIDS
Online Access:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00212-1 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352301824002121 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/61594
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_version_	1857415085992968192
author	Austin, Carter
author2	Zhang, Meixin Tram, Khai Hoan Walters, Magdalene K Jahagirdar, Deepa Brewer, Edmond D Novotney, Amanda Lasher, Dylan Mpolya, Emmanuel A Vongpradith, Avina Ma, Jianing Verma, Megan Frank, Tahvi D He, Jiawei Byrne, Sam Lin, Christine Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva Pease, Spencer A Comfort, Haley May, Erin A Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abbastabar, Hedayat Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Abdoun, Meriem Abdul Aziz, Jeza Muhamad Abidi, Hassan Abiodun, Olumide Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abtew, Yonas Derso Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Aburuz, Salahdein Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adhikari, Kishor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adzigbli, Leticia Akua Afrashteh, Fatemeh Afzal, Saira Aghamiri, Shahin Agide, Feleke Doyore Agodi, Antonella Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Faisal Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Shahzaib Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmed, Ibrar Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Safoora Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Mohammed Ahmed, Ayman Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse Akinosoglou, Karolina Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Mosa, Amjad S Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Alalalmeh, Samer O Alam, Nazmul Alam, Noore Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alayu, Daniel Shewaye AlBataineh, Mohammad T Alemohammad, Seyedeh Yasaman Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Abid Ali, Liaqat Ali, Waad Al-Ibraheem, Akram Almazan, Joseph Uy Altaf, Awais Altwalbeh, Diala Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Al-Zyoud, Walid Adnan Amani, Reza Amera, Tewodros Getnet Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amu, Hubert Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Anil, Abhishek Anjorin, Abdul-Azeez Adeyemi Antonio, Carl Abelardo T Anwar, Saleha Anwer, Razique Anyabolo, Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace Ardekani, Ali Areda, er Aregawi, Brhane Berhe Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Asemahagn, Mulusew A Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse Ashraf, Tahira Asika, Marvellous O Asmerom, Haftu Asmerom Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Aujayeb, Avinash Awad, Hamzeh Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayele, Firayad Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar B, Darshan B Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badar, Muhammad Bahramian, Saeed Bako, Abdulaziz T Balcha, Wondu Feyisa Bam, Kiran Banik, Biswajit Bardhan, Mainak Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat Basharat, Zarrin Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basiru, Afisu Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Saurav Bathini, Prapthi Persis Batra, Kavita Batra, Ravi Bayleyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew Begum, Tahmina Behnoush, Amir Hossein Beiranvand, Maryam Belete, Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Abel Cherkos Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A Beran, Azizullah Berhie, Alemshet Yirga Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C Bernstein, Robert S Beyene, Kebede A Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhat, Ajay Nagesh Bhat, Vivek Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Singh Bishaw, Keralem Anteneh Bisht, Khushboo D Bodhare, Trupti Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Boltaev, Azizbek A Borhany, Hamed Bouaoud, Souad Brown, Colin Stewart Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Bustanji, Yasser Butt, Zahid A Cao, Chao Cárdenas, Rosario Cenderadewi, Muthia Chadwick, Joshua Chakraborty, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Sandip Chandika, Rama Mohan Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chaurasia, Akhilanand Chen, Guangjin Ching, Patrick R Chopra, Hitesh Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Chung, Eric Cindi, Zinhle Couto, Rosa A S Cruz-Martins, Natalia Cuadra-Hernández, Silvia Magali Dabo, Bashir Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Gizachew Worku Dahiru, Tukur Dai, Xiaochen Darwesh, Aso Mohammad das Neves, José Dash, Nihar Ranjan Dashti, Mohsen De la Hoz, Fernando Pio Debopadhaya, Shayom Degenhardt, Louisa Delgado-Enciso, Ivan Deribe, Kebede Des Jarlais, Don C Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai Deuba, Keshab Dhane, Amol S Dhingra, Sameer Diaz, Daniel Diaz, Michael R Ding, Delaney D Do, Thanh Chi Dohare, Sushil Dongarwar, Deepa dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai Dsouza, Ashel Chelsea Dsouza, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Viola Savy Duraisamy, Senbagam Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian Ebrahimi, Alireza Ed-Dra, Abdelaziz Edinur, Hisham Atan Efendi, Ferry Ekholuenetale, Michael Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus El Sayed, Iman Elhadi, Muhammed Eltaha, Chadi Eskandarieh, Sharareh Eslami, Majid Eze, Ugochukwu Anthony Fahim, Ayesha Fatehizadeh, Ali Fauk, Nelsensius Klau Fazeli, Patrick Fekadu, Ginenus Ferreira, Nuno Firew, Belete Sewasew Fischer, Florian Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Foroutan, Behzad Fukumoto, Takeshi G, Sridevi Gadanya, Muktar A Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gaipov, Abduzhappar Gandhi, Aravind P Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat Gebregergis, Miglas Welay Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru Getachew, Motuma Erena Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh Ghashghaee, Ahmad Gholami, Ehsan Gholizadeh, Nasim Ghorbani, Mahsa Gil, Artyom Urievich Girmay, Alem Abera Golechha, Mahaveer Golinelli, Davide Goulart, Alessandra C Goyal, Anmol Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Bhawna Habteyohannes, Awoke Derbie Haghmorad, Dariush Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin Halwani, Rabih Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes Haq, Zaim Anan Harapan, Harapan Hargono, Arief Hasaballah, Ahmed I Hasnain, Md Saquib Hassan, Shoaib Hassanipour, Soheil Hegazi, Omar E Heidari, Mohammad Hezam, Kamal Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni Hoan, Nguyen Quoc Hoogar, Praveen Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh Adli, Ahmad Hundie, Tsegaye Gebreyes Hushmandi, Kiavash Huynh, Hong-Han Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel Ikiroma, Adalia Ikuta, Kevin S Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Ilic, Irena M Iradukunda, Arnaud Isa, Mustafa Alhaji Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi J, Vinothini Jacobsen, Kathryn H Jain, Akhil Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar Javadi Mamaghani, Amirreza Jema, Alelign Tasew Jokar, Mohammad Jonas, Jost B Joseph, Nitin Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma Kabir, Ali Kabir, Md. Awal Kabir, Zubair Kadashetti, Vidya Kaliyadan, Feroze Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem Kannan S, Suthanthira Karaye, Ibraheem M Karimi Behnagh, Arman Kassel, Molly B Kayode, Gbenga A Khajuria, Himanshu Khalid, Nauman Khalil, Anees Ahmed Khamesipour, Faham Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Yusra H Khan, Mohammad Jobair Khan, M Nuruzzaman Khatab, Khaled Khidri, Feriha Fatima Khorrami, Zahra Khosravi, Majid Khubchandani, Jagdish Kim, Min Seo Kim, Jong Yeob Kim, Yun Jin Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Komaki, Somayeh Kondlahalli, Shivakumar KM Marulasiddaiah Koul, Parvaiz A Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Krishan, Kewal Kuate Defo, Barthelemy Kuddus, Md Abdul Kulimbet, Mukhtar Kulkarni, Vishnutheertha Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Vijay Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Manasi Ladan, Muhammad Awwal Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Le, Thao Thi Thu Le, Nhi Huu Hanh Lee, Seung Won LeGrand, Kate E Lerango, Temesgen L Li, Ming-Chieh Ligade, Virendra S Lim, Stephen S Limenh, Liknaw Workie Liu, Xuefeng Liu, Runben Lodha, Rakesh Loreche, Arianna Maever M. Amin, Hawraz Ibrahim Ma, Zheng Feei Majeed, Azeem Malakan Rad, Elaheh Malhotra, Hardeep Singh Malhotra, Kashish Malik, Ahmad Azam Malik, Iram Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain Mansournia, Mohammad Ali Marasini, Bishnu P Martinez-Guerra, Bernardo Alfonso Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio Rogerlândio Martorell, Miquel Marzo, Roy Rillera Mathur, Navgeet McKowen, Anna Laura W Meles, Hadush Negash Melese, Endalkachew Belayneh Memish, Ziad Ahmed Mendoza, Walter Menezes, Ritesh G Meretoja, Tuomo J Mestrovic, Tomislav Meylakhs, Peter Mhlanga, Laurette Michalek, Irmina Maria Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Carolina Minervini, Giuseppe Minh, Le Huu Nhat Moazen, Babak Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Sakineh Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah Mohammed, Hussen Mohammed, Salahuddin Mohammed, Mustapha Mokdad, Ali H Monasta, Lorenzo Moni, Mohammad Ali Montazeri, Fateme Moradi, Maryam Moradi, Yousef Motappa, Rohith Mougin, Vincent Mubarik, Sumaira Mukoro, George Duke Mulita, Francesk Munjal, Kavita Munkhsaikhan, Yanjinlkham Murlimanju, B.V. Musaigwa, Fungai Mustafa, Ghulam Muthupandian, Saravanan Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Naghavi, Pirouz Naik, Gurudatta Nainu, Firzan Najafi, Mohammad Sadeq Nargus, Shumaila Navaratna, Samidi Nirasha Kumari Naveed, Muhammad Nayak, Vinod C Nayak, Biswa Prakash Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye Negesse, Chernet Tafere Nematollahi, Mohammad Hadi Nguefack-Tsague, Georges Nguyen, Dang H Nguyen, Hien Quang Nguyen, Van Thanh Niazi, Robina Khan Nigatu, Yeshambel T Nikravangolsefid, Nasrin Niranjan, Vikram Nnaji, Chukwudi A Noor, Syed Toukir Ahmed Not applicable, Nawsherwan Noubiap, Jean Jacques Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi Nugen, Fred Nutor, Jerry John Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Obamiro, Kehinde O Odetokun, Ismail A Oghenetega, Onome Bright Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru Okeke, Sylvester Reuben Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul Okonji, Osaretin Christabel Olagunju, Andrew T Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olalusi, Oladotun Victor Olatubi, Matthew Idowu Olorukooba, Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa Omar Bali, Ahmed Onwujekwe, Obinna E Opejin, Abdulahi Ordak, Michal Orish, Verner N Ortiz-Brizuela, Edgar Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi Ouyahia, Amel P A, Mahesh Padukudru Padubidri, Jagadish Rao Palladino, Claudia Pandey, Ashok Panos, Leonidas D Paredes, Jose L Parija, Pragyan Paramita Parikh, Romil R Pashaei, Ava Pasovic, Maja Patel, Sangram Kishor Pathan, Aslam Ramjan Patil, Shankargouda Pawar, Shrikant Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino Peprah, Emmanuel K Peprah, Prince Pereira, Marcos Perna, Simone Petcu, Ionela-Roxana Pham, Hoang Tran Pillay, Julian David Poluru, Ramesh Postma, Maarten J Pourtaheri, Naeimeh Pradhan, Jalandhar Prakash, Prem Prakasham, Thejeswar N N Prates, Elton Junio Sady Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga Priscilla, Tina Puvvula, Jagadeesh Qattea, Ibrahim Qazi, Asma Saleem Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal Rafferty, Quinn Rafique, Ibrar Rahim, Fakher Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa Rahman, Mosiur Rahmani, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Shayan Rahmanian, Nazanin Rahmanian, Mohammad Rahmanian, Vahid Rajaa, Sathish Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed Ramadan, Hazem Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran Ramesh, Pushkal Sinduvadi Rana, Kritika Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal Rao, Mithun Rao, Sowmya J Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rathish, Devarajan Rauniyar, Santosh Kumar Rawaf, Salman Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Reiner Jr., Robert C Rezaeian, Mohsen Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Root, Kevin T Ross, Allen Guy Rotimi, Kunle Roy, Nitai Rwegerera, Godfrey M Sabet, Cameron John Saddik, Basema Ahmad Saeb, Mohammad Reza Saeed, Umar Saeedi, Pooya Safi, Sher Zaman Zaman Sagar, Rajesh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes Sahebkar, Amirhossein Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop Saif, Zahra Sajid, Mirza Rizwan Salam, Nasir Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa Saleh, Mohamed A Salehi, Leili Samadi Kafil, Hossein Samy, Abdallah M Sanjeev, Rama Krishna Santric-Milicevic, Milena M Saravanan, Aswini Sartorius, Benn Sathyanarayan, Anudeep Satpathy, Maheswar Sawhney, Monika Sedighi, Mansour Semagn, Birhan Ewunu Senapati, Sabyasachi Sethi, Yashendra Seylani, Allen Shah, Pritik A Shahid, Samiah Shaikh, Masood Ali Shamekh, Ali Shamshirgaran, Mohammad Ali Shamsi, Anas Shanawaz, Mohd Shannawaz, Mohammed Sharifan, Amin Sharifi-Rad, Javad Shastry, Shamee Shenoy, Rekha Raghuveer Shetty, Premalatha K Shetty, Mahabalesh Shetty, Pavanchand H Shiferaw, Desalegn Shirkoohi, Reza Shittu, Aminu Shrestha, Sunil Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar Siedner, Mark J Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Surjit Singh, Harmanjit Sinto, Robert Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna Smith, Amanda E Sobia, Farrukh Sokhan, Anton Solanki, Shipra Solanki, Ranjan Sorensen, Reed J D Sulaiman, Sahabi K Szarpak, Lukasz T Y, Sree Sudha Tabish, Mohammad Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar Taheri Abkenar, Yasaman Taiba, Jabeen Talaat, Iman M Tampa, Mircea Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze Tan, Ker-Kan Tanwar, Manoj Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang Taveira, Nuno Teklay, Gebrehiwot Tesfaye, Behailu Terefe Teye-Kwadjo, Enoch Thakur, Ramna Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan Thapa, Rajshree Thapar, Rekha Thienemann, Friedrich Thomas, Joe Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Tran, Thang Huu Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc Tsai, Alexander C Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom Tumurkhuu, Munkhtuya Udoh, Arit Ullah, Irfan Ullah, Atta Umair, Muhammad Umar, Muhammad Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran Vahdati, Sanaz Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj Varthya, Shoban Babu Vasankari, Tommi Juhani Verras, Georgios-Ioannis Villafañe, Jorge Hugo Vo, Anh Truc Vos, Theo Walde, Mandaras Tariku Wamai, Richard G Wang, Yanzhong Waqas, Muhammad Ward, Paul Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse Weintraub, Robert G Weldetinsaa, Haftom Legese Weldu, Gebre Adhanom Westerman, Ronny Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Woldekidan, Mesfin Agachew Wong, Yen Jun Worku, Nigus Kassie Wu, Zenghong Wu, Xinsheng Yaghoubi, Sajad Yesera, Gesila Endashaw Yezli, Saber Yi, Siyan Yiğit, Arzu Yin, Dehui Yismaw, Yazachew Yon, Dong Keon Yonemoto, Naohiro Zakham, Fathiah Zhang, Haijun Zhang, Jingya Zhao, Hanqing Zhu, Bin Zhuang, Qingyuan Zhumagaliuly, Abzal Zielińska, Magdalena Zihao, Liu Zikarg, Yossef Teshome Zoladl, Mohammad Zumla, Alimuddin Zyoud, Samer H Zheng, Peng Aravkin, Aleksandr Y Imai-Eaton, Jeffrey W Naghavi, Mohsen Schumacher, Austin E Hay, Simon I Murray, Christopher J L Kyu, Hmwe
author2_role	author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author
author_facet	Austin, Carter Zhang, Meixin Tram, Khai Hoan Walters, Magdalene K Jahagirdar, Deepa Brewer, Edmond D Novotney, Amanda Lasher, Dylan Mpolya, Emmanuel A Vongpradith, Avina Ma, Jianing Verma, Megan Frank, Tahvi D He, Jiawei Byrne, Sam Lin, Christine Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva Pease, Spencer A Comfort, Haley May, Erin A Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abbastabar, Hedayat Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Abdoun, Meriem Abdul Aziz, Jeza Muhamad Abidi, Hassan Abiodun, Olumide Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abtew, Yonas Derso Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Aburuz, Salahdein Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adhikari, Kishor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adzigbli, Leticia Akua Afrashteh, Fatemeh Afzal, Saira Aghamiri, Shahin Agide, Feleke Doyore Agodi, Antonella Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Faisal Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Shahzaib Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmed, Ibrar Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Safoora Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Mohammed Ahmed, Ayman Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse Akinosoglou, Karolina Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Mosa, Amjad S Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Alalalmeh, Samer O Alam, Nazmul Alam, Noore Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alayu, Daniel Shewaye AlBataineh, Mohammad T Alemohammad, Seyedeh Yasaman Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Abid Ali, Liaqat Ali, Waad Al-Ibraheem, Akram Almazan, Joseph Uy Altaf, Awais Altwalbeh, Diala Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Al-Zyoud, Walid Adnan Amani, Reza Amera, Tewodros Getnet Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amu, Hubert Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Anil, Abhishek Anjorin, Abdul-Azeez Adeyemi Antonio, Carl Abelardo T Anwar, Saleha Anwer, Razique Anyabolo, Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace Ardekani, Ali Areda, er Aregawi, Brhane Berhe Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Asemahagn, Mulusew A Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse Ashraf, Tahira Asika, Marvellous O Asmerom, Haftu Asmerom Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Aujayeb, Avinash Awad, Hamzeh Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayele, Firayad Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar B, Darshan B Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badar, Muhammad Bahramian, Saeed Bako, Abdulaziz T Balcha, Wondu Feyisa Bam, Kiran Banik, Biswajit Bardhan, Mainak Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat Basharat, Zarrin Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basiru, Afisu Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Saurav Bathini, Prapthi Persis Batra, Kavita Batra, Ravi Bayleyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew Begum, Tahmina Behnoush, Amir Hossein Beiranvand, Maryam Belete, Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Abel Cherkos Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A Beran, Azizullah Berhie, Alemshet Yirga Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C Bernstein, Robert S Beyene, Kebede A Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhat, Ajay Nagesh Bhat, Vivek Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Singh Bishaw, Keralem Anteneh Bisht, Khushboo D Bodhare, Trupti Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Boltaev, Azizbek A Borhany, Hamed Bouaoud, Souad Brown, Colin Stewart Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Bustanji, Yasser Butt, Zahid A Cao, Chao Cárdenas, Rosario Cenderadewi, Muthia Chadwick, Joshua Chakraborty, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Sandip Chandika, Rama Mohan Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chaurasia, Akhilanand Chen, Guangjin Ching, Patrick R Chopra, Hitesh Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Chung, Eric Cindi, Zinhle Couto, Rosa A S Cruz-Martins, Natalia Cuadra-Hernández, Silvia Magali Dabo, Bashir Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Gizachew Worku Dahiru, Tukur Dai, Xiaochen Darwesh, Aso Mohammad das Neves, José Dash, Nihar Ranjan Dashti, Mohsen De la Hoz, Fernando Pio Debopadhaya, Shayom Degenhardt, Louisa Delgado-Enciso, Ivan Deribe, Kebede Des Jarlais, Don C Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai Deuba, Keshab Dhane, Amol S Dhingra, Sameer Diaz, Daniel Diaz, Michael R Ding, Delaney D Do, Thanh Chi Dohare, Sushil Dongarwar, Deepa dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai Dsouza, Ashel Chelsea Dsouza, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Viola Savy Duraisamy, Senbagam Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian Ebrahimi, Alireza Ed-Dra, Abdelaziz Edinur, Hisham Atan Efendi, Ferry Ekholuenetale, Michael Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus El Sayed, Iman Elhadi, Muhammed Eltaha, Chadi Eskandarieh, Sharareh Eslami, Majid Eze, Ugochukwu Anthony Fahim, Ayesha Fatehizadeh, Ali Fauk, Nelsensius Klau Fazeli, Patrick Fekadu, Ginenus Ferreira, Nuno Firew, Belete Sewasew Fischer, Florian Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Foroutan, Behzad Fukumoto, Takeshi G, Sridevi Gadanya, Muktar A Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gaipov, Abduzhappar Gandhi, Aravind P Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat Gebregergis, Miglas Welay Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru Getachew, Motuma Erena Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh Ghashghaee, Ahmad Gholami, Ehsan Gholizadeh, Nasim Ghorbani, Mahsa Gil, Artyom Urievich Girmay, Alem Abera Golechha, Mahaveer Golinelli, Davide Goulart, Alessandra C Goyal, Anmol Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Bhawna Habteyohannes, Awoke Derbie Haghmorad, Dariush Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin Halwani, Rabih Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes Haq, Zaim Anan Harapan, Harapan Hargono, Arief Hasaballah, Ahmed I Hasnain, Md Saquib Hassan, Shoaib Hassanipour, Soheil Hegazi, Omar E Heidari, Mohammad Hezam, Kamal Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni Hoan, Nguyen Quoc Hoogar, Praveen Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh Adli, Ahmad Hundie, Tsegaye Gebreyes Hushmandi, Kiavash Huynh, Hong-Han Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel Ikiroma, Adalia Ikuta, Kevin S Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Ilic, Irena M Iradukunda, Arnaud Isa, Mustafa Alhaji Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi J, Vinothini Jacobsen, Kathryn H Jain, Akhil Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar Javadi Mamaghani, Amirreza Jema, Alelign Tasew Jokar, Mohammad Jonas, Jost B Joseph, Nitin Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma Kabir, Ali Kabir, Md. Awal Kabir, Zubair Kadashetti, Vidya Kaliyadan, Feroze Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem Kannan S, Suthanthira Karaye, Ibraheem M Karimi Behnagh, Arman Kassel, Molly B Kayode, Gbenga A Khajuria, Himanshu Khalid, Nauman Khalil, Anees Ahmed Khamesipour, Faham Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Yusra H Khan, Mohammad Jobair Khan, M Nuruzzaman Khatab, Khaled Khidri, Feriha Fatima Khorrami, Zahra Khosravi, Majid Khubchandani, Jagdish Kim, Min Seo Kim, Jong Yeob Kim, Yun Jin Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Komaki, Somayeh Kondlahalli, Shivakumar KM Marulasiddaiah Koul, Parvaiz A Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Krishan, Kewal Kuate Defo, Barthelemy Kuddus, Md Abdul Kulimbet, Mukhtar Kulkarni, Vishnutheertha Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Vijay Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Manasi Ladan, Muhammad Awwal Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Le, Thao Thi Thu Le, Nhi Huu Hanh Lee, Seung Won LeGrand, Kate E Lerango, Temesgen L Li, Ming-Chieh Ligade, Virendra S Lim, Stephen S Limenh, Liknaw Workie Liu, Xuefeng Liu, Runben Lodha, Rakesh Loreche, Arianna Maever M. Amin, Hawraz Ibrahim Ma, Zheng Feei Majeed, Azeem Malakan Rad, Elaheh Malhotra, Hardeep Singh Malhotra, Kashish Malik, Ahmad Azam Malik, Iram Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain Mansournia, Mohammad Ali Marasini, Bishnu P Martinez-Guerra, Bernardo Alfonso Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio Rogerlândio Martorell, Miquel Marzo, Roy Rillera Mathur, Navgeet McKowen, Anna Laura W Meles, Hadush Negash Melese, Endalkachew Belayneh Memish, Ziad Ahmed Mendoza, Walter Menezes, Ritesh G Meretoja, Tuomo J Mestrovic, Tomislav Meylakhs, Peter Mhlanga, Laurette Michalek, Irmina Maria Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Carolina Minervini, Giuseppe Minh, Le Huu Nhat Moazen, Babak Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Sakineh Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah Mohammed, Hussen Mohammed, Salahuddin Mohammed, Mustapha Mokdad, Ali H Monasta, Lorenzo Moni, Mohammad Ali Montazeri, Fateme Moradi, Maryam Moradi, Yousef Motappa, Rohith Mougin, Vincent Mubarik, Sumaira Mukoro, George Duke Mulita, Francesk Munjal, Kavita Munkhsaikhan, Yanjinlkham Murlimanju, B.V. Musaigwa, Fungai Mustafa, Ghulam Muthupandian, Saravanan Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Naghavi, Pirouz Naik, Gurudatta Nainu, Firzan Najafi, Mohammad Sadeq Nargus, Shumaila Navaratna, Samidi Nirasha Kumari Naveed, Muhammad Nayak, Vinod C Nayak, Biswa Prakash Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye Negesse, Chernet Tafere Nematollahi, Mohammad Hadi Nguefack-Tsague, Georges Nguyen, Dang H Nguyen, Hien Quang Nguyen, Van Thanh Niazi, Robina Khan Nigatu, Yeshambel T Nikravangolsefid, Nasrin Niranjan, Vikram Nnaji, Chukwudi A Noor, Syed Toukir Ahmed Not applicable, Nawsherwan Noubiap, Jean Jacques Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi Nugen, Fred Nutor, Jerry John Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Obamiro, Kehinde O Odetokun, Ismail A Oghenetega, Onome Bright Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru Okeke, Sylvester Reuben Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul Okonji, Osaretin Christabel Olagunju, Andrew T Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olalusi, Oladotun Victor Olatubi, Matthew Idowu Olorukooba, Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa Omar Bali, Ahmed Onwujekwe, Obinna E Opejin, Abdulahi Ordak, Michal Orish, Verner N Ortiz-Brizuela, Edgar Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi Ouyahia, Amel P A, Mahesh Padukudru Padubidri, Jagadish Rao Palladino, Claudia Pandey, Ashok Panos, Leonidas D Paredes, Jose L Parija, Pragyan Paramita Parikh, Romil R Pashaei, Ava Pasovic, Maja Patel, Sangram Kishor Pathan, Aslam Ramjan Patil, Shankargouda Pawar, Shrikant Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino Peprah, Emmanuel K Peprah, Prince Pereira, Marcos Perna, Simone Petcu, Ionela-Roxana Pham, Hoang Tran Pillay, Julian David Poluru, Ramesh Postma, Maarten J Pourtaheri, Naeimeh Pradhan, Jalandhar Prakash, Prem Prakasham, Thejeswar N N Prates, Elton Junio Sady Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga Priscilla, Tina Puvvula, Jagadeesh Qattea, Ibrahim Qazi, Asma Saleem Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal Rafferty, Quinn Rafique, Ibrar Rahim, Fakher Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa Rahman, Mosiur Rahmani, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Shayan Rahmanian, Nazanin Rahmanian, Mohammad Rahmanian, Vahid Rajaa, Sathish Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed Ramadan, Hazem Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran Ramesh, Pushkal Sinduvadi Rana, Kritika Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal Rao, Mithun Rao, Sowmya J Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rathish, Devarajan Rauniyar, Santosh Kumar Rawaf, Salman Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Reiner Jr., Robert C Rezaeian, Mohsen Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Root, Kevin T Ross, Allen Guy Rotimi, Kunle Roy, Nitai Rwegerera, Godfrey M Sabet, Cameron John Saddik, Basema Ahmad Saeb, Mohammad Reza Saeed, Umar Saeedi, Pooya Safi, Sher Zaman Zaman Sagar, Rajesh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes Sahebkar, Amirhossein Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop Saif, Zahra Sajid, Mirza Rizwan Salam, Nasir Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa Saleh, Mohamed A Salehi, Leili Samadi Kafil, Hossein Samy, Abdallah M Sanjeev, Rama Krishna Santric-Milicevic, Milena M Saravanan, Aswini Sartorius, Benn Sathyanarayan, Anudeep Satpathy, Maheswar Sawhney, Monika Sedighi, Mansour Semagn, Birhan Ewunu Senapati, Sabyasachi Sethi, Yashendra Seylani, Allen Shah, Pritik A Shahid, Samiah Shaikh, Masood Ali Shamekh, Ali Shamshirgaran, Mohammad Ali Shamsi, Anas Shanawaz, Mohd Shannawaz, Mohammed Sharifan, Amin Sharifi-Rad, Javad Shastry, Shamee Shenoy, Rekha Raghuveer Shetty, Premalatha K Shetty, Mahabalesh Shetty, Pavanchand H Shiferaw, Desalegn Shirkoohi, Reza Shittu, Aminu Shrestha, Sunil Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar Siedner, Mark J Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Surjit Singh, Harmanjit Sinto, Robert Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna Smith, Amanda E Sobia, Farrukh Sokhan, Anton Solanki, Shipra Solanki, Ranjan Sorensen, Reed J D Sulaiman, Sahabi K Szarpak, Lukasz T Y, Sree Sudha Tabish, Mohammad Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar Taheri Abkenar, Yasaman Taiba, Jabeen Talaat, Iman M Tampa, Mircea Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze Tan, Ker-Kan Tanwar, Manoj Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang Taveira, Nuno Teklay, Gebrehiwot Tesfaye, Behailu Terefe Teye-Kwadjo, Enoch Thakur, Ramna Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan Thapa, Rajshree Thapar, Rekha Thienemann, Friedrich Thomas, Joe Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Tran, Thang Huu Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc Tsai, Alexander C Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom Tumurkhuu, Munkhtuya Udoh, Arit Ullah, Irfan Ullah, Atta Umair, Muhammad Umar, Muhammad Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran Vahdati, Sanaz Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj Varthya, Shoban Babu Vasankari, Tommi Juhani Verras, Georgios-Ioannis Villafañe, Jorge Hugo Vo, Anh Truc Vos, Theo Walde, Mandaras Tariku Wamai, Richard G Wang, Yanzhong Waqas, Muhammad Ward, Paul Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse Weintraub, Robert G Weldetinsaa, Haftom Legese Weldu, Gebre Adhanom Westerman, Ronny Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Woldekidan, Mesfin Agachew Wong, Yen Jun Worku, Nigus Kassie Wu, Zenghong Wu, Xinsheng Yaghoubi, Sajad Yesera, Gesila Endashaw Yezli, Saber Yi, Siyan Yiğit, Arzu Yin, Dehui Yismaw, Yazachew Yon, Dong Keon Yonemoto, Naohiro Zakham, Fathiah Zhang, Haijun Zhang, Jingya Zhao, Hanqing Zhu, Bin Zhuang, Qingyuan Zhumagaliuly, Abzal Zielińska, Magdalena Zihao, Liu Zikarg, Yossef Teshome Zoladl, Mohammad Zumla, Alimuddin Zyoud, Samer H Zheng, Peng Aravkin, Aleksandr Y Imai-Eaton, Jeffrey W Naghavi, Mohsen Schumacher, Austin E Hay, Simon I Murray, Christopher J L Kyu, Hmwe
author_role	author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv	Austin, Carter Zhang, Meixin Tram, Khai Hoan Walters, Magdalene K Jahagirdar, Deepa Brewer, Edmond D Novotney, Amanda Lasher, Dylan Mpolya, Emmanuel A Vongpradith, Avina Ma, Jianing Verma, Megan Frank, Tahvi D He, Jiawei Byrne, Sam Lin, Christine Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva Pease, Spencer A Comfort, Haley May, Erin A Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abbastabar, Hedayat Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Abdoun, Meriem Abdul Aziz, Jeza Muhamad Abidi, Hassan Abiodun, Olumide Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abtew, Yonas Derso Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Aburuz, Salahdein Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adhikari, Kishor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adzigbli, Leticia Akua Afrashteh, Fatemeh Afzal, Saira Aghamiri, Shahin Agide, Feleke Doyore Agodi, Antonella Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Faisal Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Shahzaib Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmed, Ibrar Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Safoora Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Mohammed Ahmed, Ayman Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse Akinosoglou, Karolina Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Mosa, Amjad S Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Alalalmeh, Samer O Alam, Nazmul Alam, Noore Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alayu, Daniel Shewaye AlBataineh, Mohammad T Alemohammad, Seyedeh Yasaman Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Abid Ali, Liaqat Ali, Waad Al-Ibraheem, Akram Almazan, Joseph Uy Altaf, Awais Altwalbeh, Diala Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Al-Zyoud, Walid Adnan Amani, Reza Amera, Tewodros Getnet Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amu, Hubert Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Anil, Abhishek Anjorin, Abdul-Azeez Adeyemi Antonio, Carl Abelardo T Anwar, Saleha Anwer, Razique Anyabolo, Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace Ardekani, Ali Areda, er Aregawi, Brhane Berhe Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Asemahagn, Mulusew A Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse Ashraf, Tahira Asika, Marvellous O Asmerom, Haftu Asmerom Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Aujayeb, Avinash Awad, Hamzeh Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayele, Firayad Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar B, Darshan B Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badar, Muhammad Bahramian, Saeed Bako, Abdulaziz T Balcha, Wondu Feyisa Bam, Kiran Banik, Biswajit Bardhan, Mainak Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat Basharat, Zarrin Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basiru, Afisu Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Saurav Bathini, Prapthi Persis Batra, Kavita Batra, Ravi Bayleyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew Begum, Tahmina Behnoush, Amir Hossein Beiranvand, Maryam Belete, Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Abel Cherkos Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A Beran, Azizullah Berhie, Alemshet Yirga Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C Bernstein, Robert S Beyene, Kebede A Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhat, Ajay Nagesh Bhat, Vivek Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Singh Bishaw, Keralem Anteneh Bisht, Khushboo D Bodhare, Trupti Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Boltaev, Azizbek A Borhany, Hamed Bouaoud, Souad Brown, Colin Stewart Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Bustanji, Yasser Butt, Zahid A Cao, Chao Cárdenas, Rosario Cenderadewi, Muthia Chadwick, Joshua Chakraborty, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Sandip Chandika, Rama Mohan Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chaurasia, Akhilanand Chen, Guangjin Ching, Patrick R Chopra, Hitesh Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Chung, Eric Cindi, Zinhle Couto, Rosa A S Cruz-Martins, Natalia Cuadra-Hernández, Silvia Magali Dabo, Bashir Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Gizachew Worku Dahiru, Tukur Dai, Xiaochen Darwesh, Aso Mohammad das Neves, José Dash, Nihar Ranjan Dashti, Mohsen De la Hoz, Fernando Pio Debopadhaya, Shayom Degenhardt, Louisa Delgado-Enciso, Ivan Deribe, Kebede Des Jarlais, Don C Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai Deuba, Keshab Dhane, Amol S Dhingra, Sameer Diaz, Daniel Diaz, Michael R Ding, Delaney D Do, Thanh Chi Dohare, Sushil Dongarwar, Deepa dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai Dsouza, Ashel Chelsea Dsouza, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Viola Savy Duraisamy, Senbagam Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian Ebrahimi, Alireza Ed-Dra, Abdelaziz Edinur, Hisham Atan Efendi, Ferry Ekholuenetale, Michael Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus El Sayed, Iman Elhadi, Muhammed Eltaha, Chadi Eskandarieh, Sharareh Eslami, Majid Eze, Ugochukwu Anthony Fahim, Ayesha Fatehizadeh, Ali Fauk, Nelsensius Klau Fazeli, Patrick Fekadu, Ginenus Ferreira, Nuno Firew, Belete Sewasew Fischer, Florian Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Foroutan, Behzad Fukumoto, Takeshi G, Sridevi Gadanya, Muktar A Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gaipov, Abduzhappar Gandhi, Aravind P Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat Gebregergis, Miglas Welay Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru Getachew, Motuma Erena Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh Ghashghaee, Ahmad Gholami, Ehsan Gholizadeh, Nasim Ghorbani, Mahsa Gil, Artyom Urievich Girmay, Alem Abera Golechha, Mahaveer Golinelli, Davide Goulart, Alessandra C Goyal, Anmol Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Bhawna Habteyohannes, Awoke Derbie Haghmorad, Dariush Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin Halwani, Rabih Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes Haq, Zaim Anan Harapan, Harapan Hargono, Arief Hasaballah, Ahmed I Hasnain, Md Saquib Hassan, Shoaib Hassanipour, Soheil Hegazi, Omar E Heidari, Mohammad Hezam, Kamal Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni Hoan, Nguyen Quoc Hoogar, Praveen Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh Adli, Ahmad Hundie, Tsegaye Gebreyes Hushmandi, Kiavash Huynh, Hong-Han Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel Ikiroma, Adalia Ikuta, Kevin S Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Ilic, Irena M Iradukunda, Arnaud Isa, Mustafa Alhaji Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi J, Vinothini Jacobsen, Kathryn H Jain, Akhil Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar Javadi Mamaghani, Amirreza Jema, Alelign Tasew Jokar, Mohammad Jonas, Jost B Joseph, Nitin Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma Kabir, Ali Kabir, Md. Awal Kabir, Zubair Kadashetti, Vidya Kaliyadan, Feroze Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem Kannan S, Suthanthira Karaye, Ibraheem M Karimi Behnagh, Arman Kassel, Molly B Kayode, Gbenga A Khajuria, Himanshu Khalid, Nauman Khalil, Anees Ahmed Khamesipour, Faham Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Yusra H Khan, Mohammad Jobair Khan, M Nuruzzaman Khatab, Khaled Khidri, Feriha Fatima Khorrami, Zahra Khosravi, Majid Khubchandani, Jagdish Kim, Min Seo Kim, Jong Yeob Kim, Yun Jin Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Komaki, Somayeh Kondlahalli, Shivakumar KM Marulasiddaiah Koul, Parvaiz A Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Krishan, Kewal Kuate Defo, Barthelemy Kuddus, Md Abdul Kulimbet, Mukhtar Kulkarni, Vishnutheertha Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Vijay Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Manasi Ladan, Muhammad Awwal Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Le, Thao Thi Thu Le, Nhi Huu Hanh Lee, Seung Won LeGrand, Kate E Lerango, Temesgen L Li, Ming-Chieh Ligade, Virendra S Lim, Stephen S Limenh, Liknaw Workie Liu, Xuefeng Liu, Runben Lodha, Rakesh Loreche, Arianna Maever M. Amin, Hawraz Ibrahim Ma, Zheng Feei Majeed, Azeem Malakan Rad, Elaheh Malhotra, Hardeep Singh Malhotra, Kashish Malik, Ahmad Azam Malik, Iram Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain Mansournia, Mohammad Ali Marasini, Bishnu P Martinez-Guerra, Bernardo Alfonso Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio Rogerlândio Martorell, Miquel Marzo, Roy Rillera Mathur, Navgeet McKowen, Anna Laura W Meles, Hadush Negash Melese, Endalkachew Belayneh Memish, Ziad Ahmed Mendoza, Walter Menezes, Ritesh G Meretoja, Tuomo J Mestrovic, Tomislav Meylakhs, Peter Mhlanga, Laurette Michalek, Irmina Maria Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Carolina Minervini, Giuseppe Minh, Le Huu Nhat Moazen, Babak Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Sakineh Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah Mohammed, Hussen Mohammed, Salahuddin Mohammed, Mustapha Mokdad, Ali H Monasta, Lorenzo Moni, Mohammad Ali Montazeri, Fateme Moradi, Maryam Moradi, Yousef Motappa, Rohith Mougin, Vincent Mubarik, Sumaira Mukoro, George Duke Mulita, Francesk Munjal, Kavita Munkhsaikhan, Yanjinlkham Murlimanju, B.V. Musaigwa, Fungai Mustafa, Ghulam Muthupandian, Saravanan Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Naghavi, Pirouz Naik, Gurudatta Nainu, Firzan Najafi, Mohammad Sadeq Nargus, Shumaila Navaratna, Samidi Nirasha Kumari Naveed, Muhammad Nayak, Vinod C Nayak, Biswa Prakash Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye Negesse, Chernet Tafere Nematollahi, Mohammad Hadi Nguefack-Tsague, Georges Nguyen, Dang H Nguyen, Hien Quang Nguyen, Van Thanh Niazi, Robina Khan Nigatu, Yeshambel T Nikravangolsefid, Nasrin Niranjan, Vikram Nnaji, Chukwudi A Noor, Syed Toukir Ahmed Not applicable, Nawsherwan Noubiap, Jean Jacques Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi Nugen, Fred Nutor, Jerry John Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Obamiro, Kehinde O Odetokun, Ismail A Oghenetega, Onome Bright Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru Okeke, Sylvester Reuben Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul Okonji, Osaretin Christabel Olagunju, Andrew T Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olalusi, Oladotun Victor Olatubi, Matthew Idowu Olorukooba, Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa Omar Bali, Ahmed Onwujekwe, Obinna E Opejin, Abdulahi Ordak, Michal Orish, Verner N Ortiz-Brizuela, Edgar Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi Ouyahia, Amel P A, Mahesh Padukudru Padubidri, Jagadish Rao Palladino, Claudia Pandey, Ashok Panos, Leonidas D Paredes, Jose L Parija, Pragyan Paramita Parikh, Romil R Pashaei, Ava Pasovic, Maja Patel, Sangram Kishor Pathan, Aslam Ramjan Patil, Shankargouda Pawar, Shrikant Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino Peprah, Emmanuel K Peprah, Prince Pereira, Marcos Perna, Simone Petcu, Ionela-Roxana Pham, Hoang Tran Pillay, Julian David Poluru, Ramesh Postma, Maarten J Pourtaheri, Naeimeh Pradhan, Jalandhar Prakash, Prem Prakasham, Thejeswar N N Prates, Elton Junio Sady Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga Priscilla, Tina Puvvula, Jagadeesh Qattea, Ibrahim Qazi, Asma Saleem Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal Rafferty, Quinn Rafique, Ibrar Rahim, Fakher Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa Rahman, Mosiur Rahmani, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Shayan Rahmanian, Nazanin Rahmanian, Mohammad Rahmanian, Vahid Rajaa, Sathish Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed Ramadan, Hazem Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran Ramesh, Pushkal Sinduvadi Rana, Kritika Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal Rao, Mithun Rao, Sowmya J Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rathish, Devarajan Rauniyar, Santosh Kumar Rawaf, Salman Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Reiner Jr., Robert C Rezaeian, Mohsen Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Root, Kevin T Ross, Allen Guy Rotimi, Kunle Roy, Nitai Rwegerera, Godfrey M Sabet, Cameron John Saddik, Basema Ahmad Saeb, Mohammad Reza Saeed, Umar Saeedi, Pooya Safi, Sher Zaman Zaman Sagar, Rajesh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes Sahebkar, Amirhossein Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop Saif, Zahra Sajid, Mirza Rizwan Salam, Nasir Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa Saleh, Mohamed A Salehi, Leili Samadi Kafil, Hossein Samy, Abdallah M Sanjeev, Rama Krishna Santric-Milicevic, Milena M Saravanan, Aswini Sartorius, Benn Sathyanarayan, Anudeep Satpathy, Maheswar Sawhney, Monika Sedighi, Mansour 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Zhuang, Qingyuan Zhumagaliuly, Abzal Zielińska, Magdalena Zihao, Liu Zikarg, Yossef Teshome Zoladl, Mohammad Zumla, Alimuddin Zyoud, Samer H Zheng, Peng Aravkin, Aleksandr Y Imai-Eaton, Jeffrey W Naghavi, Mohsen Schumacher, Austin E Hay, Simon I Murray, Christopher J L Kyu, Hmwe
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv	2024-12-01T09:03:37Z 2024-11-25
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv	application/pdf
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00212-1 Carter, A., Zhang, M., Tram, K. H., Walters, M. K., Jahagirdar, D., Brewer, E. D., ... & Bhardwaj, P. (2024). Global, regional, and national burden of HIV/AIDS, 1990–2021, and forecasts to 2050, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet HIV. 2405-4704 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352301824002121 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/61594 2352-3018
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv	en
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Elsevier
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	GBD, HIV/AIDS
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	Global, regional, and national burden of HIV/AIDS, 1990–2021, and forecasts to 2050, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article
description	BackgroundAs set out in Sustainable Development Goal 3.3, the target date for ending the HIV epidemic as a public health threat is 2030. Therefore, there is a crucial need to evaluate current epidemiological trends and monitor global progress towards HIV incidence and mortality reduction goals. In this analysis, we assess the current burden of HIV in 204 countries and territories and forecast HIV incidence, prevalence, and mortality up to 2050 to allow countries to plan for a sustained response with an increasing number of people living with HIV globally. MethodsWe used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 analytical framework to compute age-sex-specific HIV mortality, incidence, and prevalence estimates for 204 countries and territories (1990–2021). We aimed to analyse all available data sources, including data on the provision of HIV programmes reported to UNAIDS, published literature on mortality among people on antiretroviral therapy (ART) identified by a systematic review, household surveys, sentinel surveillance antenatal care clinic data, vital registration data, and country-level case report data. We calibrated a mechanistic simulation of HIV infection and natural history to available data to estimate HIV burden from 1990 to 2021 and generated forecasts to 2050 through projection of all simulation inputs into the future. Historical outcomes (1990–2021) were simulated at the 1000-draw level to support propagation of uncertainty and reporting of uncertainty intervals (UIs). Our approach to forecasting utilised the transmission rate as the basis for projection, along with new rate-of-change projections of ART coverage. Additionally, we introduced two new metrics to our reporting: prevalence of unsuppressed viraemia (PUV), which represents the proportion of the population without a suppressed level of HIV (viral load <1000 copies per mL), and period lifetime probability of HIV acquisition, which quantifies the hypothetical probability of acquiring HIV for a synthetic cohort, a simulated population that is aged from birth to death through the set of age-specific incidence rates of a given time period. FindingsGlobal new HIV infections decreased by 21·9% (95% UI 13·1–28·8) between 2010 and 2021, from 2·11 million (2·02–2·25) in 2010 to 1·65 million (1·48–1·82) in 2021. HIV-related deaths decreased by 39·7% (33·7–44·5), from 1·19 million (1·07–1·37) in 2010 to 718 000 (669 000–785 000) in 2021. The largest declines in both HIV incidence and mortality were in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. However, super-regions including central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia, and north Africa and the Middle East experienced increasing HIV incidence and mortality rates. The number of people living with HIV reached 40·0 million (38·0–42·4) in 2021, an increase from 29·5 million (28·1–31·0) in 2010. The lifetime probability of HIV acquisition remains highest in the sub-Saharan Africa super-region, where it declined from its 1995 peak of 21·8% (20·1–24·2) to 8·7% (7·5–10·7) in 2021. Four of the seven GBD super-regions had a lifetime probability of less than 1% in 2021. In 2021, sub-Saharan Africa had the highest PUV of 999·9 (857·4–1154·2) per 100 000 population, but this was a 64·5% (58·8–69·4) reduction in PUV from 2003 to 2021. In the same period, PUV increased in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia by 116·1% (8·0–218·2). Our forecasts predict a continued global decline in HIV incidence and mortality, with the number of people living with HIV peaking at 44·4 million (40·7–49·8) by 2039, followed by a gradual decrease. In 2025, we projected 1·43 million (1·29–1·59) new HIV infections and 615 000 (567 000–680 000) HIV-related deaths, suggesting that the interim 2025 targets for reducing these figures are unlikely to be achieved. Furthermore, our forecasted results indicate that few countries will meet the 2030 target for reducing HIV incidence and HIV-related deaths by 90% from 2010 levels. InterpretationOur forecasts indicate that continuation of current levels of HIV control are not likely to attain ambitious incidence and mortality reduction targets by 2030, and more than 40 million people globally will continue to require lifelong ART for decades into the future. The global community will need to show sustained and substantive efforts to make the progress needed to reach and sustain the end of AIDS as a public threat. FundingThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
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identifier_str_mv	Carter, A., Zhang, M., Tram, K. H., Walters, M. K., Jahagirdar, D., Brewer, E. D., ... & Bhardwaj, P. (2024). Global, regional, and national burden of HIV/AIDS, 1990–2021, and forecasts to 2050, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet HIV. 2405-4704 2352-3018
language_invalid_str_mv	en
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network_name_str	Qatar University repository
oai_identifier_str	oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/61594
publishDate	2024
publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Elsevier
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HazemRamasamy, Shakthi KumaranRamesh, Pushkal SinduvadiRana, KritikaRanabhat, Chhabi LalRao, MithunRao, Sowmya JRashidi, Mohammad-MahdiRathish, DevarajanRauniyar, Santosh KumarRawaf, SalmanRedwan, Elrashdy Moustafa MohamedReiner Jr., Robert CRezaeian, MohsenRodriguez, Jefferson Antonio BuendiaRoot, Kevin TRoss, Allen GuyRotimi, KunleRoy, NitaiRwegerera, Godfrey MSabet, Cameron JohnSaddik, Basema AhmadSaeb, Mohammad RezaSaeed, UmarSaeedi, PooyaSafi, Sher Zaman ZamanSagar, RajeshSaheb Sharif-Askari, FatemehSaheb Sharif-Askari, NarjesSahebkar, AmirhosseinSahoo, Soumya SwaroopSaif, ZahraSajid, Mirza RizwanSalam, NasirSalami, Afeez AbolarinwaSaleh, Mohamed ASalehi, LeiliSamadi Kafil, HosseinSamy, Abdallah MSanjeev, Rama KrishnaSantric-Milicevic, Milena MSaravanan, AswiniSartorius, BennSathyanarayan, AnudeepSatpathy, MaheswarSawhney, MonikaSedighi, MansourSemagn, Birhan EwunuSenapati, SabyasachiSethi, YashendraSeylani, AllenShah, Pritik AShahid, SamiahShaikh, Masood AliShamekh, AliShamshirgaran, Mohammad AliShamsi, AnasShanawaz, MohdShannawaz, MohammedSharifan, AminSharifi-Rad, JavadShastry, ShameeShenoy, Rekha RaghuveerShetty, Premalatha KShetty, MahabaleshShetty, Pavanchand HShiferaw, DesalegnShirkoohi, RezaShittu, AminuShrestha, SunilSibhat, Migbar MekonnenSiddig, Emmanuel EdwarSiedner, Mark JSingh, Jasvinder ASingh, ParamdeepSingh, SurjitSingh, HarmanjitSinto, RobertSkryabina, Anna AleksandrovnaSmith, Amanda ESobia, FarrukhSokhan, AntonSolanki, ShipraSolanki, RanjanSorensen, Reed J DSulaiman, Sahabi KSzarpak, LukaszT Y, Sree SudhaTabish, MohammadTadakamadla, Santosh KumarTaheri Abkenar, YasamanTaiba, JabeenTalaat, Iman MTampa, MirceaTamuzi, Jacques LukenzeTan, Ker-KanTanwar, ManojTarkang, Elvis EnowbeyangTaveira, NunoTeklay, GebrehiwotTesfaye, Behailu TerefeTeye-Kwadjo, EnochThakur, RamnaThangaraju, PugazhenthanThapa, RajshreeThapar, RekhaThienemann, FriedrichThomas, JoeTovani-Palone, Marcos RobertoTran, Thang HuuTran, Mai Thi NgocTsai, Alexander CTsegay, Guesh MebrahtomTumurkhuu, MunkhtuyaUdoh, AritUllah, IrfanUllah, AttaUmair, MuhammadUmar, MuhammadUnnikrishnan, BhaskaranVahdati, SanazVaithinathan, Asokan GovindarajVarthya, Shoban BabuVasankari, Tommi JuhaniVerras, Georgios-IoannisVillafañe, Jorge HugoVo, Anh TrucVos, TheoWalde, Mandaras TarikuWamai, Richard GWang, YanzhongWaqas, MuhammadWard, PaulWassie, Gizachew TadesseWeintraub, Robert GWeldetinsaa, Haftom LegeseWeldu, Gebre AdhanomWesterman, RonnyWickramasinghe, Nuwan DarshanaWoldekidan, Mesfin AgachewWong, Yen JunWorku, Nigus KassieWu, ZenghongWu, XinshengYaghoubi, SajadYesera, Gesila EndashawYezli, SaberYi, SiyanYiğit, ArzuYin, DehuiYismaw, YazachewYon, Dong KeonYonemoto, NaohiroZakham, FathiahZhang, HaijunZhang, JingyaZhao, HanqingZhu, BinZhuang, QingyuanZhumagaliuly, AbzalZielińska, MagdalenaZihao, LiuZikarg, Yossef TeshomeZoladl, MohammadZumla, AlimuddinZyoud, Samer HZheng, PengAravkin, Aleksandr YImai-Eaton, Jeffrey WNaghavi, MohsenSchumacher, Austin EHay, Simon IMurray, Christopher J LKyu, HmweGBD, HIV/AIDSBackgroundAs set out in Sustainable Development Goal 3.3, the target date for ending the HIV epidemic as a public health threat is 2030. Therefore, there is a crucial need to evaluate current epidemiological trends and monitor global progress towards HIV incidence and mortality reduction goals. In this analysis, we assess the current burden of HIV in 204 countries and territories and forecast HIV incidence, prevalence, and mortality up to 2050 to allow countries to plan for a sustained response with an increasing number of people living with HIV globally. MethodsWe used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 analytical framework to compute age-sex-specific HIV mortality, incidence, and prevalence estimates for 204 countries and territories (1990–2021). We aimed to analyse all available data sources, including data on the provision of HIV programmes reported to UNAIDS, published literature on mortality among people on antiretroviral therapy (ART) identified by a systematic review, household surveys, sentinel surveillance antenatal care clinic data, vital registration data, and country-level case report data. We calibrated a mechanistic simulation of HIV infection and natural history to available data to estimate HIV burden from 1990 to 2021 and generated forecasts to 2050 through projection of all simulation inputs into the future. Historical outcomes (1990–2021) were simulated at the 1000-draw level to support propagation of uncertainty and reporting of uncertainty intervals (UIs). Our approach to forecasting utilised the transmission rate as the basis for projection, along with new rate-of-change projections of ART coverage. Additionally, we introduced two new metrics to our reporting: prevalence of unsuppressed viraemia (PUV), which represents the proportion of the population without a suppressed level of HIV (viral load <1000 copies per mL), and period lifetime probability of HIV acquisition, which quantifies the hypothetical probability of acquiring HIV for a synthetic cohort, a simulated population that is aged from birth to death through the set of age-specific incidence rates of a given time period. FindingsGlobal new HIV infections decreased by 21·9% (95% UI 13·1–28·8) between 2010 and 2021, from 2·11 million (2·02–2·25) in 2010 to 1·65 million (1·48–1·82) in 2021. HIV-related deaths decreased by 39·7% (33·7–44·5), from 1·19 million (1·07–1·37) in 2010 to 718 000 (669 000–785 000) in 2021. The largest declines in both HIV incidence and mortality were in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. However, super-regions including central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia, and north Africa and the Middle East experienced increasing HIV incidence and mortality rates. The number of people living with HIV reached 40·0 million (38·0–42·4) in 2021, an increase from 29·5 million (28·1–31·0) in 2010. The lifetime probability of HIV acquisition remains highest in the sub-Saharan Africa super-region, where it declined from its 1995 peak of 21·8% (20·1–24·2) to 8·7% (7·5–10·7) in 2021. Four of the seven GBD super-regions had a lifetime probability of less than 1% in 2021. In 2021, sub-Saharan Africa had the highest PUV of 999·9 (857·4–1154·2) per 100 000 population, but this was a 64·5% (58·8–69·4) reduction in PUV from 2003 to 2021. In the same period, PUV increased in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia by 116·1% (8·0–218·2). Our forecasts predict a continued global decline in HIV incidence and mortality, with the number of people living with HIV peaking at 44·4 million (40·7–49·8) by 2039, followed by a gradual decrease. In 2025, we projected 1·43 million (1·29–1·59) new HIV infections and 615 000 (567 000–680 000) HIV-related deaths, suggesting that the interim 2025 targets for reducing these figures are unlikely to be achieved. Furthermore, our forecasted results indicate that few countries will meet the 2030 target for reducing HIV incidence and HIV-related deaths by 90% from 2010 levels. InterpretationOur forecasts indicate that continuation of current levels of HIV control are not likely to attain ambitious incidence and mortality reduction targets by 2030, and more than 40 million people globally will continue to require lifelong ART for decades into the future. The global community will need to show sustained and substantive efforts to make the progress needed to reach and sustain the end of AIDS as a public threat. FundingThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.Elsevier2024-12-01T09:03:37Z2024-11-25Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00212-1Carter, A., Zhang, M., Tram, K. H., Walters, M. K., Jahagirdar, D., Brewer, E. D., ... & Bhardwaj, P. (2024). Global, regional, and national burden of HIV/AIDS, 1990–2021, and forecasts to 2050, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet HIV.2405-4704https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352301824002121http://hdl.handle.net/10576/615942352-3018enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/615942024-12-01T19:06:12Z
spellingShingle	Global, regional, and national burden of HIV/AIDS, 1990–2021, and forecasts to 2050, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 Austin, Carter GBD, HIV/AIDS
status_str	publishedVersion
title	Global, regional, and national burden of HIV/AIDS, 1990–2021, and forecasts to 2050, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
title_full	Global, regional, and national burden of HIV/AIDS, 1990–2021, and forecasts to 2050, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
title_fullStr	Global, regional, and national burden of HIV/AIDS, 1990–2021, and forecasts to 2050, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
title_full_unstemmed	Global, regional, and national burden of HIV/AIDS, 1990–2021, and forecasts to 2050, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
title_short	Global, regional, and national burden of HIV/AIDS, 1990–2021, and forecasts to 2050, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
title_sort	Global, regional, and national burden of HIV/AIDS, 1990–2021, and forecasts to 2050, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
topic	GBD, HIV/AIDS
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00212-1 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352301824002121 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/61594

Global, regional, and national burden of HIV/AIDS, 1990–2021, and forecasts to 2050, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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