Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Background Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of...
محفوظ في:
| المؤلف الرئيسي: | |
|---|---|
| مؤلفون آخرون: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| التنسيق: | article |
| منشور في: |
2024
|
| الموضوعات: | |
| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00757-8 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673624007578 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/54026 |
| الوسوم: |
إضافة وسم
لا توجد وسوم, كن أول من يضع وسما على هذه التسجيلة!
|
| _version_ | 1857415085003112448 |
|---|---|
| author | Alize J, Ferrari |
| author2 | Santomauro, Damian Francesco Aali, Amirali Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abbafati, Cristiana Abbastabar, Hedayat Abd ElHafeez, Samar Abdelmasseh, Michael Abd-Elsalam, Sherief Abdollahi, Arash Abdullahi, Auwal Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abualruz, Hasan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME Ackerman, Ilana N Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adewuyi, Habeeb Omoponle Afyouni, Shadi Afzal, Saira Afzal, Sina Agodi, Antonella Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Firdos Ahmad, Shahzaib Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Luai A Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ajami, Marjan Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Alalalmeh, Samer O Al-Aly, Ziyad Albashtawy, Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W Alemu, Meseret Desalegn Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta Alene, Kefyalew Addis Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Alharrasi, Maryam Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Rafat Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Al-Marwani, Sabah Almazan, Joseph Uy Alomari, Mahmoud A Al-Omari, Basem Altaany, Zaid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J Alwafi, Hassan Al-Wardat, Mohammad Sami Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed Aly, Safwat Alzoubi, Karem H Amare, Azmeraw T Amegbor, Prince M Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amin, Tarek Tawfik Amindarolzarbi, Alireza Amiri, Sohrab Amugsi, Dickson A Ancuceanu, Robert Anderlini, Deanna Anderson, David B Andrade, Pedro Prata Andrei, Catalina Liliana Ansari, Hossein Antony, Catherine M Anwar, Saleha Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Anwer, Razique Anyanwu, Philip Emeka Arab, Juan Pablo Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Araki, Daniel T Aravkin, Aleksandr Y Arkew, Mesay Armocida, Benedetta Arndt, Michael Benjamin Arooj, Mahwish Artamonov, Anton A Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Arumugam, Ashokan Ashbaugh, Charlie Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse Ashraf, Muhammad Asika, Marvellous O Askari, Elaheh Astell-Burt, Thomas Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atorkey, Prince Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atreya, Alok Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Avan, Abolfazl Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu Awuviry-Newton, Kofi Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L Azadnajafabad, Sina Azevedo, Rui M S Babu, Abraham Samuel Badar, Muhammad Badiye, Ashish D Baghdadi, Soroush Bagheri, Nasser Bah, Sulaiman Bai, Ruhai Baker, Jennifer L Bakkannavar, Shankar M Bako, Abdulaziz T Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar Bam, Kiran Banik, Palash Chandra Barchitta, Martina Bardhan, Mainak Bardideh, Erfan Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Barua, Lingkan Bashiri Aliabadi, Somaye Basiru, Afisu Basu, Sanjay Basu, Saurav Bathini, Prapthi Persis Batra, Kavita Baune, Bernhard T Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew Behnam, Babak Behnoush, Amir Hossein Beiranvand, Maryam Bejarano Ramirez, Diana Fernanda Bell, Michelle L Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Beloukas, Apostolos Bensenor, Isabela M Berezvai, Zombor Bernabe, Eduardo Bernstein, Robert S Bettencourt, Paulo J G Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhandari, Dinesh Bhargava, Ashish Bhaskar, Sonu Bhat, Vivek Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Manpreet S Bhatti, Rajbir Bhutta, Zulfiqar A Bikbov, Boris Bishai, Jessica Devin Bisignano, Catherine Bitra, Veera R Bjørge, Tone Bodolica, Virginia Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Bogale, Eyob Ketema Bonakdar Hashemi, Milad Bonny, Aime Bora Basara, Berrak Borhany, Hamed Boxe, Christopher Brady, Oliver J Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi Braithwaite, Dejana Brant, Luisa C Brauer, Michael Breitner, Susanne Brenner, Hermann Brown, Julie Brugha, Traolach Bulamu, Norma B Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Burns, Richard A Busse, Reinhard Bustanji, Yasser Butt, Zahid A Byun, Justin Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Calina, Daniela Cámera, Luis Alberto Campos-Nonato, Ismael R Cao, Chao Capodici, Angelo Carr, Sinclair Carreras, Giulia Carugno, Andrea Carvalho, Márcia Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A Castelpietra, Giulio Catapano, Alberico L Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia Caye, Arthur Cegolon, Luca Cembranel, Francieli Cenderadewi, Muthia Cerin, Ester Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan, Raymond N C Chandika, Rama Mohan Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K Charalampous, Periklis Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, Victoria Chen, Angela W Chen, An-Tian Chen, Catherine S Chen, Haowei Chen, Nathalie M Cheng, Esther T W Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel Chimoriya, Ritesh Ching, Patrick R Cho, William C S Choi, Sungchul Chong, Bryan Chong, Yuen Yu Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chowdhury, Rajiv Christensen, Steffan Wittrup McPhee Chu, Dinh-Toi Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Chung, Eric Chung, Eunice Chutiyami, Muhammad Claassens, Mareli M Cogen, Rebecca M Columbus, Alyssa Conde, Joao Cortesi, Paolo Angelo Cousin, Ewerton Criqui, Michael H Cruz-Martins, Natália Dadras, Omid Dai, Siyu Dai, Xiaochen Dai, Zhaoli Dalaba, Maxwell Ayindenaba Damiani, Giovanni Das, Jai K Das, Saswati Dashti, Mohsen Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto Davletov, Kairat De Leo, Diego Debele, Aklilu Tamire Debopadhaya, Shayom DeCleene, Nicole K Deeba, Farah Degenhardt, Louisa Del Bo', Cristian Delgado-Enciso, Ivan Demetriades, Andreas K Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Dervenis, Nikolaos Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Rupak Deuba, Keshab Dhama, Kuldeep Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dhingra, Sameer Dias da Silva, Diana Diaz, Daniel Diaz, Luis Antonio Diaz, Michael J Dima, Adriana Ding, Delaney D Dirac, M Ashworth Do, Thao Huynh Phuong do Prado, Camila Bruneli Dohare, Sushil Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva Dong, Wanyue Dongarwar, Deepa D'Oria, Mario Dorsey, E Ray Doshmangir, Leila Dowou, Robert Kokou Driscoll, Tim Robert Dsouza, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Viola Dube, John Dumith, Samuel C Duncan, Bruce B Duraes, Andre Rodrigues Duraisamy, Senbagam Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher Dzianach, Paulina Agnieszka Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian Eboreime, Ejemai Ebrahimi, Alireza Edinur, Hisham Atan Edvardsson, David Eikemo, Terje Andreas Eini, Ebrahim Ekholuenetale, Michael Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus El Sayed, Iman El Tantawi, Maha Elbarazi, Iffat Elemam, Noha Mousaad ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik Elhadi, Muhammed Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou ELNahas, Gihan Elshaer, Mohammed Elsohaby, Ibrahim Engelbert Bain, Luchuo Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj Eshrati, Babak Estep, Kara Fabin, Natalia Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis Falzone, Luca Fareed, Mohammad Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud Faro, Andre Farrokhi, Pegah Fatehizadeh, Ali Fauk, Nelsensius Klau Feigin, Valery L Feng, Xiaoqi Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad Feroze, Abdullah Hamid Ferreira, Nuno Ferreira, Paulo H Fischer, Florian Flavel, Joanne Flood, David Flor, Luisa S Foigt, Nataliya A Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Force, Lisa M Fortuna, Daniela Foschi, Matteo Franklin, Richard Charles Freitas, Alberto Fukumoto, Takeshi Furtado, João M Gaal, Peter Andras Gadanya, Muktar A Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gaihre, Santosh Galali, Yaseen Ganbat, Mandukhai Gandhi, Aravind P Ganesan, Balasankar Ganie, Mohd Ashraf Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat Gardner, William M Gebi, Tilaye Gebru Gebregergis, Miglas W Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Gebremariam, Tesfay B B Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru Gela, Yibeltal Yismaw Georgescu, Simona Roxana Getachew Obsa, Abera Gething, Peter W Getie, Molla Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghadirian, Fataneh Ghailan, Khalid Yaser Ghajar, Alireza Ghasemi, MohammadReza Ghasempour Dabaghi, Ghazal Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed Gholamrezanezhad, Ali Ghorbani, Mahsa Ghotbi, Elena Gibson, Ruth Margaret Gill, Tiffany K Ginindza, Themba G Girmay, Alem Glasbey, James C Göbölös, Laszlo Godinho, Myron Anthony Goharinezhad, Salime Goldust, Mohamad Golechha, Mahaveer Goleij, Pouya Gona, Philimon N Gorini, Giuseppe Goulart, Alessandra C Grada, Ayman Grivna, Michal Guan, Shi-Yang Guarducci, Giovanni Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa Guha, Avirup Guicciardi, Stefano Gulati, Snigdha Gulisashvili, David Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga Guo, Cui Gupta, Anish Kumar Gupta, Bhawna Gupta, Ishita Gupta, Mohak Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma Habibzadeh, Farrokh Habibzadeh, Parham Haddadi, Rasool Hadi, Najah R Haep, Nils Hafezi-Nejad, Nima Hafiz, Abdul Hagins, Hailey Halboub, Esam S Halimi, Aram Haller, Sebastian Halwani, Rabih Hamilton, Erin B Hankey, Graeme J Hannan, Md Abdul Haque, Md Nuruzzaman Harapan, Harapan Haro, Josep Maria Hartvigsen, Jan Hasaballah, Ahmed I Hasan, Ikramul Hasanian, Mohammad Hasnain, Md Saquib Hassan, Amr Haubold, Johannes Havmoeller, Rasmus J Hay, Simon I Hayat, Khezar Hebert, Jeffrey J Hegazi, Omar E Heidari, Golnaz Helfer, Bartosz Hemmati, Mehdi Hendrie, Delia Henson, Claire A Hezam, Kamal Hiraike, Yuta Hoan, Nguyen Quoc Holla, Ramesh Hon, Julia Hossain, Md Mahbub Hosseinzadeh, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hostiuc, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hsu, Johnathan M Huang, Junjie Hugo, Fernando N Hushmandi, Kiavash Hussain, Javid Hussein, Nawfal R Huynh, Chantal K Huynh, Hong-Han Hwang, Bing-Fang Iannucci, Vincent C Ihler, Audrey L Ikiroma, Adalia I Ikuta, Kevin S Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Ilic, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Imam, Mohammad Tarique Immurana, Mustapha Irham, Lalu Muhammad Islam, Md Rabiul Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islami, Farhad Ismail, Faisal Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah Isola, Gaetano Iwagami, Masao Iwu, Chidozie C D Iyer, Mahalaxmi Jaafari, Jalil Jacobsen, Kathryn H Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad Jafarinia, Morteza Jaggi, Khushleen Jahankhani, Kasra Jahanmehr, Nader Jahrami, Haitham Jain, Akhil Jain, Nityanand Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman Jaiswal, Abhishek Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Jatau, Abubakar Ibrahim Javadov, Sabzali Javaheri, Tahereh Jayapal, Sathish Kumar Jayaram, Shubha Jee, Sun Ha Jeganathan, Jayakumar Jeyakumar, Angeline Jha, Anil K Jiang, Heng Jin, Yinzi Jonas, Jost B Joo, Tamas Joseph, Abel Joseph, Nitin Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Jürisson, Mikk K, Vaishali Kaambwa, Billingsley Kabir, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kadashetti, Vidya Kalani, Rizwan Kalankesh, Leila R Kaliyadan, Feroze Kalra, Sanjay Kamenov, Kaloyan Kamyari, Naser Kanagasabai, Thanigaivelan Kandel, Himal Kanmanthareddy, Arun R Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem Kantar, Rami S Karaye, Ibraheem M Karim, Asima Karimi, Salah Eddin Karimi, Yeganeh Kasraei, Hengameh Kassel, Molly B Kauppila, Joonas H Kawakami, Norito Kayode, Gbenga A Kazemi, Foad Kazemian, Sina Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila Keller, Cathleen Kempen, John H Kerr, Jessica A Keshtkar, Kamyab Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle Keykhaei, Mohammad Khajuria, Himanshu Khalaji, Amirmohammad Khalid, Asaad Khalid, Nauman Khalilian, Alireza Khamesipour, Faham Khan, Asaduzzaman Khan, Ikramullah Khan, Maseer Khan, Moien AB Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh Khatab, Khaled Khatami, Fatemeh Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad Khater, Amir M Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza Khidri, Feriha Fatima Khodadoust, Elaheh Khormali, Moein Khorrami, Zahra Kifle, Zemene Demelash Kim, Min Seo Kimokoti, Ruth W Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo Kocarnik, Jonathan M Kochhar, Sonali Koh, Hyun Yong Kolahi, Ali-Asghar Kompani, Farzad Koren, Gerbrand Korzh, Oleksii Kosen, Soewarta Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Krishan, Kewal Krishna, Varun Krishnamoorthy, Vijay Kuate Defo, Barthelemy Kuddus, Md Abdul Kuddus, Mohammed Kuitunen, Ilari Kulkarni, Vishnutheertha Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Rakesh Kurmi, Om P Kusuma, Dian Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe La Vecchia, Carlo Lacey, Ben Ladan, Muhammad Awwal Laflamme, Lucie Lafranconi, Alessandra Lahariya, Chandrakant Lai, Daphne Teck Ching Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Lalloo, Ratilal Lallukka, Tea Lám, Judit Lan, Qing Lan, Tuo Landires, Iván Lanfranchi, Francesco Langguth, Berthold Laplante-Lévesque, Ariane Larijani, Bagher Larsson, Anders O Lasrado, Savita Lauriola, Paolo Le, Huu-Hoai Le, Long Khanh Dao Le, Nhi Huu Hanh Le, Trang Diep Thanh Leasher, Janet L Ledda, Caterina Lee, Munjae Lee, Paul H Lee, Sang-woong Lee, Seung Won Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han LeGrand, Kate E Lenzi, Jacopo Leong, Elvynna Leung, Janni Li, Ming-Chieh Li, Wei Li, Xiaopan Li, Yichong Li, Yongze Lim, Lee-Ling Lim, Stephen S Lindstrom, Megan Linn, Shai Liu, Gang Liu, Runben Liu, Shiwei Liu, Wei Liu, Xiaofeng Liu, Xuefeng Llanaj, Erand Lo, Chun-Han López-Bueno, Rubén Loreche, Arianna Maever Lorenzovici, László Lozano, Rafael Lubinda, Jailos Lucchetti, Giancarlo Lunevicius, Raimundas Lusk, Jay B lv, hengliang Ma, Zheng Feei Machairas, Nikolaos Madureira-Carvalho, Áurea M Magaña Gómez, Javier A Maghazachi, Azzam A Maharjan, Preeti Mahasha, Phetole Walter Maheri, Mina Mahjoub, Soleiman Mahmoud, Mansour Adam Mahmoudi, Elham Majeed, Azeem Makris, Konstantinos Christos Malakan Rad, Elaheh Malhotra, Kashish Malik, Ahmad Azam Malik, Iram Malta, Deborah Carvalho Manla, Yosef Mansour, Ali Mansouri, Pejman Mansournia, Mohammad Ali Mantilla Herrera, Ana M Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni Manu, Emmanuel Marateb, Hamid Reza Mardi, Parham Martinez, Gabriel Martinez-Piedra, Ramon Martini, Daniela Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio Martorell, Miquel Marx, Wolfgang Maryam, Sharmeen Marzo, Roy Rillera Mathangasinghe, Yasith Mathieson, Stephanie Mathioudakis, Alexander G Mattumpuram, Jishanth Maugeri, Andrea Mayeli, Mahsa Mazidi, Mohsen Mazzotti, Antonio McGrath, John J McKee, Martin McKowen, Anna Laura W McPhail, Michael A Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Kamran Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar Mekene Meto, Tesfahun Mendoza, Walter Menezes, Ritesh G Mensah, George A Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A Meo, Sultan Ayoub Meresa, Haftu Asmerom Meretoja, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Mersha, Abera M Mestrovic, Tomislav Mettananda, Kukulege Chamila Dinushi Mettananda, Sachith Michalek, Irmina Maria Miller, Paul Anthony Miller, Ted R Mills, Edward J Minh, Le Huu Nhat Mirijello, Antonio Mirrakhimov, Erkin M Mirutse, Mizan Kiros Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad Mirzaei, Maryam Mirzaei, Roya Misganaw, Awoke Mishra, Ajay Kumar Mitchell, Philip B Mittal, Chaitanya Moazen, Babak Moberg, Madeline E Mohamed, Jama Mohamed, Mouhand F H Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohammadi, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Soheil Mohammed, Hussen Mohammed, Salahuddin Mohammed, Shafiu Mohr, Robin M Mokdad, Ali H Molinaro, Sabrina Momtazmanesh, Sara Monasta, Lorenzo Mondello, Stefania Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli Moradi, Maryam Moradi, Yousef Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar Moraga, Paula Morawska, Lidia Moreira, Rafael Silveira Morovatdar, Negar Morrison, Shane Douglas Morze, Jakub Mosapour, Abbas Mosser, Jonathan F Mossialos, Elias Motappa, Rohith Mougin, Vincent Mouodi, Simin Mrejen, Matías Msherghi, Ahmed Mubarik, Sumaira Mueller, Ulrich Otto Mulita, Francesk Munjal, Kavita Murillo-Zamora, Efrén Murlimanju, BV Mustafa, Ghulam Muthu, Sathish Muzaffar, Muhammad Myung, Woojae Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Naghavi, Pirouz Naik, Ganesh R Nainu, Firzan Nair, Sanjeev Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid Nangia, Vinay Naqvi, Atta Abbas Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod Nargus, Shumaila Nascimento, Gustavo G Nashwan, Abdulqadir J Nasrollahizadeh, Ali Nasrollahizadeh, Amir Natto, Zuhair S Nayak, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Vinod C Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye Negash, Hadush Negoi, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria Nesbit, Olivia D Netsere, Henok Biresaw Ng, Marie Nguefack-Tsague, Georges Ngunjiri, Josephine W Nguyen, Dang H Nguyen, Hien Quang Niazi, Robina Khan Nikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos Nikoobar, Ali Nikoomanesh, Fatemeh Nikpoor, Amin Reza Nnaji, Chukwudi A Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles Noman, Efaq Ali Nomura, Shuhei Norrving, Bo Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi Ntaios, George Ntsekhe, Mpiko Nurrika, Dieta Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Oancea, Bogdan Odetokun, Ismail A O'Donnell, Martin James Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguta, James Odhiambo Okati-Aliabad, Hassan Okeke, Sylvester Reuben Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul Okonji, Osaretin Christabel Olagunju, Andrew T Olasupo, Omotola O Olatubi, Matthew Idowu Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Omar, Hany A Omer, Goran Latif Omonisi, Abidemi E Emmanuel Onie, Sandersan Onwujekwe, Obinna E Ordak, Michal Orish, Verner N Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V Ortiz, Alberto Ortiz-Brizuela, Edgar Osman, Wael M S Ostroff, Samuel M Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi Otoiu, Adrian Otstavnov, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Ouyahia, Amel Ouyang, Guoqing Owolabi, Mayowa O P A, Mahesh Padukudru Padron-Monedero, Alicia Padubidri, Jagadish Rao Palicz, Tamás Palladino, Claudia Pan, Feng Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha Panos, Georgios D Panos, Leonidas D Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela Pardhan, Shahina Parikh, Romil R Pashaei, Ava Pasovic, Maja Passera, Roberto Patel, Jay Patel, Sangram Kishor Patil, Shankargouda Patoulias, Dimitrios Patthipati, Venkata Suresh Pawar, Shrikant Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza Pease, Spencer A Peden, Amy E Pedersini, Paolo Peng, Minjin Pensato, Umberto Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino Peprah, Emmanuel K Peprah, Prince Perdigão, João Pereira, Maria Odete Perianayagam, Arokiasamy Perico, Norberto Pesudovs, Konrad Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily Petri, William A Pham, Hoang Tran Philip, Anil K Phillips, Michael R Pigeolet, Manon Pigott, David M Pillay, Julian David Piracha, Zahra Zahid Pirouzpanah, Saeed Plass, Dietrich Plotnikov, Evgenii Poddighe, Dimitri Polinder, Suzanne Postma, Maarten J Pourtaheri, Naeimeh Prada, Sergio I Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh Prakash, V Prasad, Manya Prates, Elton Junio Sady Priscilla, Tina Pritchett, Natalie Puri, Pooja Puvvula, Jagadeesh Qasim, Nameer Hashim Qattea, Ibrahim Qazi, Asma Saleem Qian, Gangzhen Rabiee Rad, Mehrdad Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman Raeisi Shahraki, Hadi Rafferty, Quinn Raggi, Alberto Raghav, Pankaja Raghav Rahim, Md Jillur Rahman, Md Mosfequr Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahmani, Shayan Rahmanian, Mohammad Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum Rajaa, Sathish Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran Ramasubramani, Premkumar Ramazanu, Sheena Rana, Kritika Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal Rancic, Nemanja Rane, Amey Rao, Chythra R Rao, Kumuda Rao, Mithun Rao, Sowmya J Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rathnaiah Babu, Giridhara Rauniyar, Santosh Kumar Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Razo, Christian Reddy, Murali Mohan Rama Krishna Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Reifels, Lennart Reiner Jr, Robert C Remuzzi, Giuseppe Renzaho, Andre M N Reshmi, Bhageerathy Reyes, Luis Felipe Rezaei, Nazila Rezaei, Negar Rezaei, Nima Rezaei Hachesu, Peyman Rezaeian, Mohsen Rickard, Jennifer Rodrigues, Célia Fortuna Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Roever, Leonardo Ronfani, Luca Roshandel, Gholamreza Rotimi, Kunle Rout, Himanshu Sekhar Roy, Bedanta Roy, Nitai Roy, Priyanka Rubagotti, Enrico S N, Chandan Saad, Aly M A Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed Sabour, Siamak Sacco, Simona Sachdev, Perminder S Saddik, Basema Saddler, Adam Sadee, Bashdar Abuzed Sadeghi, Erfan Sadeghi, Masoumeh Saeb, Mohammad Reza Saeed, Umar Safi, Sher Zaman Sagar, Rajesh Sagoe, Dominic Saif, Zahra Sajid, Mirza Rizwan Sakshaug, Joseph W Salam, Nasir Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa Salaroli, Luciane B Saleh, Mohamed A Salem, Marwa Rashad Salem, Mohammed Z Y Sallam, Malik Samadzadeh, Sara Samargandy, Saad Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo Samy, Abdallah M Sanabria, Juan Sanna, Francesca Santos, Itamar S Santric-Milicevic, Milena M Sarasmita, Made Ary Sarikhani, Yaser Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo Sarode, Gargi Sachin Sarode, Sachin C Sarveazad, Arash Sathian, Brijesh Sathyanarayan, Anudeep Satpathy, Maheswar Sawhney, Monika Scarmeas, Nikolaos Schaarschmidt, Benedikt Michael Schmidt, Maria Inês Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola Schumacher, Austin E Schwebel, David C Schwendicke, Falk Sedighi, Mansour Senapati, Sabyasachi Senthilkumaran, Subramanian Sepanlou, Sadaf G Sethi, Yashendra Setoguchi, Soko Seylani, Allen Shadid, Jamileh Shafie, Mahan Shah, Humaira Shah, Nilay S Shah, Pritik A Shahbandi, Ataollah Shahid, Samiah Shahid, Wajeehah Shahwan, Moyad Jamal Shaikh, Masood Ali Shakeri, Alireza Shalash, Ali S Sham, Sunder Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib Shamshirgaran, Mohammad Ali Shamsi, Mohammad Anas Shanawaz, Mohd Shankar, Abhishek Shannawaz, Mohammed Sharath, Medha Sharifan, Amin Sharifi-Rad, Javad Sharma, Manoj Sharma, Rajesh Sharma, Saurab Sharma, Ujjawal Sharma, Vishal Shastry, Rajesh P Shavandi, Amin Shayan, Amir Mehdi Shayan, Maryam Shehabeldine, Amr Mohamed Elsayed Shetty, Pavanchand H Shibuya, Kenji Shifa, Jemal Ebrahim Shiferaw, Desalegn Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shigematsu, Mika Shiri, Rahman Shitaye, Nebiyu Aniley Shittu, Aminu Shivakumar, K M Shivarov, Velizar Shokati Eshkiki, Zahra Shool, Sina Shrestha, Sunil Shuval, Kerem Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora Silva, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, João Pedro Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva, Soraia Simpson, Colin R Singal, Anjali Singh, Abhinav Singh, Balbir Bagicha Singh, Harmanjit Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Mahendra Singh, Paramdeep Skou, Søren T Sleet, David A Slepak, Erica Leigh N Solanki, Ranjan Soliman, Sameh S M Song, Suhang Song, Yimeng Sorensen, Reed J D Soriano, Joan B Soyiri, Ireneous N Spartalis, Michael Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T Stark, Benjamin A Starodubova, Antonina V Stein, Caroline Stein, Dan J Steiner, Caitlyn Steiner, Timothy J Steinmetz, Jaimie D Steiropoulos, Paschalis Stockfelt, Leo Stokes, Mark A Subedi, Narayan Subedi Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan Suemoto, Claudia Kimie Suleman, Muhammad Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan Sultana, Abida Sundström, Johan Swain, Chandan Kumar Szarpak, Lukasz Tabaee Damavandi, Payam Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael Tabatabaei Malazy, Ozra Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir Tabatabai, Shima Tabche, Celine Tabish, Mohammad Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar Taheri Abkenar, Yasaman Taheri Soodejani, Moslem Taherkhani, Amir Taiba, Jabeen Talaat, Iman M Talukder, Ashis Tampa, Mircea Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze Tan, Ker-Kan Tandukar, Sarmila Tang, Haosu Tavakoli Oliaee, Razieh Tavangar, Seyed Mohammad Teimoori, Mojtaba Temsah, Mohamad-Hani Teramoto, Masayuki Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman Thapar, Rekha Thayakaran, Rasiah Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish Thomas, Nihal Thomas, Nikhil Kenny Thum, Chern Choong Chern Tichopad, Ales Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera Tillawi, Tala Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan Tonelli, Marcello Topor-Madry, Roman Torre, Anna E Touvier, Mathilde Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Tran, Jasmine T Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Nghia Minh Tran, Ngoc-Ha Trico, Domenico Tromans, Samuel Joseph Truyen, Thien Tan Tri Tai Tsatsakis, Aristidis Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom Tsermpini, Evangelia Eirini Tumurkhuu, Munkhtuya Tyrovolas, Stefanos Udoh, Arit Umair, Muhammad Umakanthan, Srikanth Umar, Tungki Pratama Undurraga, Eduardo A Unim, Brigid Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran Unsworth, Carolyn Anne Upadhyay, Era Urso, Daniele Usman, Jibrin Sammani Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj Van den Eynde, Jef Varga, Orsolya Varma, Ravi Prasad Vart, Priya Vasankari, Tommi Juhani Vasic, Milena Vaziri, Siavash Vellingiri, Balachandar Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy Veroux, Massimiliano Verras, Georgios-Ioannis Vervoort, Dominique Villafañe, Jorge Hugo Violante, Francesco S Vlassov, Vasily Vollset, Stein Emil Volovat, Simona Ruxandra Vongpradith, Avina Waheed, Yasir Wang, Cong Wang, Fang Wang, Ning Wang, Shu Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Yuan-Pang Ward, Paul Wassie, Emebet Gashaw Weaver, Marcia R Weerakoon, Kosala Gayan Weintraub, Robert G Weiss, Daniel J Weldemariam, Abrha Hailay Wells, Katherine M Wen, Yi Feng Whisnant, Joanna L Whiteford, Harvey A Wiangkham, Taweewat Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Wilandika, Angga Wilkerson, Caroline Willeit, Peter Wimo, Anders Woldegebreal, Demewoz H Wolf, Axel Walter Wong, Yen Jun Woolf, Anthony D Wu, Chenkai Wu, Felicia Wu, Xinsheng Wu, Zenghong Wulf Hanson, Sarah Xia, Yanjie Xiao, Hong Xu, Xiaoyue Xu, Yvonne Yiru Yadav, Lalit Yadollahpour, Ali Yaghoubi, Sajad Yamagishi, Kazumasa Yang, Lin Yano, Yuichiro Yao, Yao Yaribeygi, Habib Yazdanpanah, Mohammad Hosein Ye, Pengpeng Yehualashet, Sisay Shewasinad Yesuf, Subah Abderehim Yezli, Saber Yiğit, Arzu Yiğit, Vahit Yigzaw, Zeamanuel Anteneh Yismaw, Yazachew Yon, Dong Keon Yonemoto, Naohiro Younis, Mustafa Z Yu, Chuanhua Yu, Yong Yusuf, Hadiza Zahid, Mondal Hasan Zakham, Fathiah Zaki, Leila Zaki, Nazar Zaman, Burhan Abdullah Zamora, Nelson Zand, Ramin Zandieh, Ghazal G Z Zar, Heather J Zarrintan, Armin Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich Zhang, Haijun Zhang, Ning Zhang, Yunquan Zhao, Hanqing Zhong, Chenwen Zhong, Panliang Zhou, Juexiao Zhu, Zhaohua Ziafati, Makan Zielińska, Magdalena Zimsen, Stephanie R M Zoladl, Mohammad Zumla, Alimuddin Zyoud, Samer H Vos, Theo Murray, Christopher J L |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Alize J, Ferrari Santomauro, Damian Francesco Aali, Amirali Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abbafati, Cristiana Abbastabar, Hedayat Abd ElHafeez, Samar Abdelmasseh, Michael Abd-Elsalam, Sherief Abdollahi, Arash Abdullahi, Auwal Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abualruz, Hasan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME Ackerman, Ilana N Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adewuyi, Habeeb Omoponle Afyouni, Shadi Afzal, Saira Afzal, Sina Agodi, Antonella Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Firdos Ahmad, Shahzaib Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Luai A Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ajami, Marjan Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Alalalmeh, Samer O Al-Aly, Ziyad Albashtawy, Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W Alemu, Meseret Desalegn Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta Alene, Kefyalew Addis Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Alharrasi, Maryam Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Rafat Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Al-Marwani, Sabah Almazan, Joseph Uy Alomari, Mahmoud A Al-Omari, Basem Altaany, Zaid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J Alwafi, Hassan Al-Wardat, Mohammad Sami Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed Aly, Safwat Alzoubi, Karem H Amare, Azmeraw T Amegbor, Prince M Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amin, Tarek Tawfik Amindarolzarbi, Alireza Amiri, Sohrab Amugsi, Dickson A Ancuceanu, Robert Anderlini, Deanna Anderson, David B Andrade, Pedro Prata Andrei, Catalina Liliana Ansari, Hossein Antony, Catherine M Anwar, Saleha Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Anwer, Razique Anyanwu, Philip Emeka Arab, Juan Pablo Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Araki, Daniel T Aravkin, Aleksandr Y Arkew, Mesay Armocida, Benedetta Arndt, Michael Benjamin Arooj, Mahwish Artamonov, Anton A Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Arumugam, Ashokan Ashbaugh, Charlie Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse Ashraf, Muhammad Asika, Marvellous O Askari, Elaheh Astell-Burt, Thomas Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atorkey, Prince Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atreya, Alok Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Avan, Abolfazl Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu Awuviry-Newton, Kofi Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L Azadnajafabad, Sina Azevedo, Rui M S Babu, Abraham Samuel Badar, Muhammad Badiye, Ashish D Baghdadi, Soroush Bagheri, Nasser Bah, Sulaiman Bai, Ruhai Baker, Jennifer L Bakkannavar, Shankar M Bako, Abdulaziz T Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar Bam, Kiran Banik, Palash Chandra Barchitta, Martina Bardhan, Mainak Bardideh, Erfan Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Barua, Lingkan Bashiri Aliabadi, Somaye Basiru, Afisu Basu, Sanjay Basu, Saurav Bathini, Prapthi Persis Batra, Kavita Baune, Bernhard T Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew Behnam, Babak Behnoush, Amir Hossein Beiranvand, Maryam Bejarano Ramirez, Diana Fernanda Bell, Michelle L Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Beloukas, Apostolos Bensenor, Isabela M Berezvai, Zombor Bernabe, Eduardo Bernstein, Robert S Bettencourt, Paulo J G Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhandari, Dinesh Bhargava, Ashish Bhaskar, Sonu Bhat, Vivek Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Manpreet S Bhatti, Rajbir Bhutta, Zulfiqar A Bikbov, Boris Bishai, Jessica Devin Bisignano, Catherine Bitra, Veera R Bjørge, Tone Bodolica, Virginia Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Bogale, Eyob Ketema Bonakdar Hashemi, Milad Bonny, Aime Bora Basara, Berrak Borhany, Hamed Boxe, Christopher Brady, Oliver J Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi Braithwaite, Dejana Brant, Luisa C Brauer, Michael Breitner, Susanne Brenner, Hermann Brown, Julie Brugha, Traolach Bulamu, Norma B Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Burns, Richard A Busse, Reinhard Bustanji, Yasser Butt, Zahid A Byun, Justin Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Calina, Daniela Cámera, Luis Alberto Campos-Nonato, Ismael R Cao, Chao Capodici, Angelo Carr, Sinclair Carreras, Giulia Carugno, Andrea Carvalho, Márcia Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A Castelpietra, Giulio Catapano, Alberico L Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia Caye, Arthur Cegolon, Luca Cembranel, Francieli Cenderadewi, Muthia Cerin, Ester Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan, Raymond N C Chandika, Rama Mohan Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K Charalampous, Periklis Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, Victoria Chen, Angela W Chen, An-Tian Chen, Catherine S Chen, Haowei Chen, Nathalie M Cheng, Esther T W Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel Chimoriya, Ritesh Ching, Patrick R Cho, William C S Choi, Sungchul Chong, Bryan Chong, Yuen Yu Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chowdhury, Rajiv Christensen, Steffan Wittrup McPhee Chu, Dinh-Toi Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Chung, Eric Chung, Eunice Chutiyami, Muhammad Claassens, Mareli M Cogen, Rebecca M Columbus, Alyssa Conde, Joao Cortesi, Paolo Angelo Cousin, Ewerton Criqui, Michael H Cruz-Martins, Natália Dadras, Omid Dai, Siyu Dai, Xiaochen Dai, Zhaoli Dalaba, Maxwell Ayindenaba Damiani, Giovanni Das, Jai K Das, Saswati Dashti, Mohsen Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto Davletov, Kairat De Leo, Diego Debele, Aklilu Tamire Debopadhaya, Shayom DeCleene, Nicole K Deeba, Farah Degenhardt, Louisa Del Bo', Cristian Delgado-Enciso, Ivan Demetriades, Andreas K Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Dervenis, Nikolaos Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Rupak Deuba, Keshab Dhama, Kuldeep Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dhingra, Sameer Dias da Silva, Diana Diaz, Daniel Diaz, Luis Antonio Diaz, Michael J Dima, Adriana Ding, Delaney D Dirac, M Ashworth Do, Thao Huynh Phuong do Prado, Camila Bruneli Dohare, Sushil Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva Dong, Wanyue Dongarwar, Deepa D'Oria, Mario Dorsey, E Ray Doshmangir, Leila Dowou, Robert Kokou Driscoll, Tim Robert Dsouza, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Viola Dube, John Dumith, Samuel C Duncan, Bruce B Duraes, Andre Rodrigues Duraisamy, Senbagam Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher Dzianach, Paulina Agnieszka Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian Eboreime, Ejemai Ebrahimi, Alireza Edinur, Hisham Atan Edvardsson, David Eikemo, Terje Andreas Eini, Ebrahim Ekholuenetale, Michael Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus El Sayed, Iman El Tantawi, Maha Elbarazi, Iffat Elemam, Noha Mousaad ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik Elhadi, Muhammed Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou ELNahas, Gihan Elshaer, Mohammed Elsohaby, Ibrahim Engelbert Bain, Luchuo Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj Eshrati, Babak Estep, Kara Fabin, Natalia Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis Falzone, Luca Fareed, Mohammad Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud Faro, Andre Farrokhi, Pegah Fatehizadeh, Ali Fauk, Nelsensius Klau Feigin, Valery L Feng, Xiaoqi Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad Feroze, Abdullah Hamid Ferreira, Nuno Ferreira, Paulo H Fischer, Florian Flavel, Joanne Flood, David Flor, Luisa S Foigt, Nataliya A Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Force, Lisa M Fortuna, Daniela Foschi, Matteo Franklin, Richard Charles Freitas, Alberto Fukumoto, Takeshi Furtado, João M Gaal, Peter Andras Gadanya, Muktar A Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gaihre, Santosh Galali, Yaseen Ganbat, Mandukhai Gandhi, Aravind P Ganesan, Balasankar Ganie, Mohd Ashraf Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat Gardner, William M Gebi, Tilaye Gebru Gebregergis, Miglas W Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Gebremariam, Tesfay B B Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru Gela, Yibeltal Yismaw Georgescu, Simona Roxana Getachew Obsa, Abera Gething, Peter W Getie, Molla Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghadirian, Fataneh Ghailan, Khalid Yaser Ghajar, Alireza Ghasemi, MohammadReza Ghasempour Dabaghi, Ghazal Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed Gholamrezanezhad, Ali Ghorbani, Mahsa Ghotbi, Elena Gibson, Ruth Margaret Gill, Tiffany K Ginindza, Themba G Girmay, Alem Glasbey, James C Göbölös, Laszlo Godinho, Myron Anthony Goharinezhad, Salime Goldust, Mohamad Golechha, Mahaveer Goleij, Pouya Gona, Philimon N Gorini, Giuseppe Goulart, Alessandra C Grada, Ayman Grivna, Michal Guan, Shi-Yang Guarducci, Giovanni Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa Guha, Avirup Guicciardi, Stefano Gulati, Snigdha Gulisashvili, David Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga Guo, Cui Gupta, Anish Kumar Gupta, Bhawna Gupta, Ishita Gupta, Mohak Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma Habibzadeh, Farrokh Habibzadeh, Parham Haddadi, Rasool Hadi, Najah R Haep, Nils Hafezi-Nejad, Nima Hafiz, Abdul Hagins, Hailey Halboub, Esam S Halimi, Aram Haller, Sebastian Halwani, Rabih Hamilton, Erin B Hankey, Graeme J Hannan, Md Abdul Haque, Md Nuruzzaman Harapan, Harapan Haro, Josep Maria Hartvigsen, Jan Hasaballah, Ahmed I Hasan, Ikramul Hasanian, Mohammad Hasnain, Md Saquib Hassan, Amr Haubold, Johannes Havmoeller, Rasmus J Hay, Simon I Hayat, Khezar Hebert, Jeffrey J Hegazi, Omar E Heidari, Golnaz Helfer, Bartosz Hemmati, Mehdi Hendrie, Delia Henson, Claire A Hezam, Kamal Hiraike, Yuta Hoan, Nguyen Quoc Holla, Ramesh Hon, Julia Hossain, Md Mahbub Hosseinzadeh, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hostiuc, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hsu, Johnathan M Huang, Junjie Hugo, Fernando N Hushmandi, Kiavash Hussain, Javid Hussein, Nawfal R Huynh, Chantal K Huynh, Hong-Han Hwang, Bing-Fang Iannucci, Vincent C Ihler, Audrey L Ikiroma, Adalia I Ikuta, Kevin S Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Ilic, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Imam, Mohammad Tarique Immurana, Mustapha Irham, Lalu Muhammad Islam, Md Rabiul Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islami, Farhad Ismail, Faisal Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah Isola, Gaetano Iwagami, Masao Iwu, Chidozie C D Iyer, Mahalaxmi Jaafari, Jalil Jacobsen, Kathryn H Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad Jafarinia, Morteza Jaggi, Khushleen Jahankhani, Kasra Jahanmehr, Nader Jahrami, Haitham Jain, Akhil Jain, Nityanand Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman Jaiswal, Abhishek Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Jatau, Abubakar Ibrahim Javadov, Sabzali Javaheri, Tahereh Jayapal, Sathish Kumar Jayaram, Shubha Jee, Sun Ha Jeganathan, Jayakumar Jeyakumar, Angeline Jha, Anil K Jiang, Heng Jin, Yinzi Jonas, Jost B Joo, Tamas Joseph, Abel Joseph, Nitin Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Jürisson, Mikk K, Vaishali Kaambwa, Billingsley Kabir, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kadashetti, Vidya Kalani, Rizwan Kalankesh, Leila R Kaliyadan, Feroze Kalra, Sanjay Kamenov, Kaloyan Kamyari, Naser Kanagasabai, Thanigaivelan Kandel, Himal Kanmanthareddy, Arun R Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem Kantar, Rami S Karaye, Ibraheem M Karim, Asima Karimi, Salah Eddin Karimi, Yeganeh Kasraei, Hengameh Kassel, Molly B Kauppila, Joonas H Kawakami, Norito Kayode, Gbenga A Kazemi, Foad Kazemian, Sina Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila Keller, Cathleen Kempen, John H Kerr, Jessica A Keshtkar, Kamyab Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle Keykhaei, Mohammad Khajuria, Himanshu Khalaji, Amirmohammad Khalid, Asaad Khalid, Nauman Khalilian, Alireza Khamesipour, Faham Khan, Asaduzzaman Khan, Ikramullah Khan, Maseer Khan, Moien AB Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh Khatab, Khaled Khatami, Fatemeh Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad Khater, Amir M Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza Khidri, Feriha Fatima Khodadoust, Elaheh Khormali, Moein Khorrami, Zahra Kifle, Zemene Demelash Kim, Min Seo Kimokoti, Ruth W Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo Kocarnik, Jonathan M Kochhar, Sonali Koh, Hyun Yong Kolahi, Ali-Asghar Kompani, Farzad Koren, Gerbrand Korzh, Oleksii Kosen, Soewarta Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Krishan, Kewal Krishna, Varun Krishnamoorthy, Vijay Kuate Defo, Barthelemy Kuddus, Md Abdul Kuddus, Mohammed Kuitunen, Ilari Kulkarni, Vishnutheertha Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Rakesh Kurmi, Om P Kusuma, Dian Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe La Vecchia, Carlo Lacey, Ben Ladan, Muhammad Awwal Laflamme, Lucie Lafranconi, Alessandra Lahariya, Chandrakant Lai, Daphne Teck Ching Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Lalloo, Ratilal Lallukka, Tea Lám, Judit Lan, Qing Lan, Tuo Landires, Iván Lanfranchi, Francesco Langguth, Berthold Laplante-Lévesque, Ariane Larijani, Bagher Larsson, Anders O Lasrado, Savita Lauriola, Paolo Le, Huu-Hoai Le, Long Khanh Dao Le, Nhi Huu Hanh Le, Trang Diep Thanh Leasher, Janet L Ledda, Caterina Lee, Munjae Lee, Paul H Lee, Sang-woong Lee, Seung Won Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han LeGrand, Kate E Lenzi, Jacopo Leong, Elvynna Leung, Janni Li, Ming-Chieh Li, Wei Li, Xiaopan Li, Yichong Li, Yongze Lim, Lee-Ling Lim, Stephen S Lindstrom, Megan Linn, Shai Liu, Gang Liu, Runben Liu, Shiwei Liu, Wei Liu, Xiaofeng Liu, Xuefeng Llanaj, Erand Lo, Chun-Han López-Bueno, Rubén Loreche, Arianna Maever Lorenzovici, László Lozano, Rafael Lubinda, Jailos Lucchetti, Giancarlo Lunevicius, Raimundas Lusk, Jay B lv, hengliang Ma, Zheng Feei Machairas, Nikolaos Madureira-Carvalho, Áurea M Magaña Gómez, Javier A Maghazachi, Azzam A Maharjan, Preeti Mahasha, Phetole Walter Maheri, Mina Mahjoub, Soleiman Mahmoud, Mansour Adam Mahmoudi, Elham Majeed, Azeem Makris, Konstantinos Christos Malakan Rad, Elaheh Malhotra, Kashish Malik, Ahmad Azam Malik, Iram Malta, Deborah Carvalho Manla, Yosef Mansour, Ali Mansouri, Pejman Mansournia, Mohammad Ali Mantilla Herrera, Ana M Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni Manu, Emmanuel Marateb, Hamid Reza Mardi, Parham Martinez, Gabriel Martinez-Piedra, Ramon Martini, Daniela Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio Martorell, Miquel Marx, Wolfgang Maryam, Sharmeen Marzo, Roy Rillera Mathangasinghe, Yasith Mathieson, Stephanie Mathioudakis, Alexander G Mattumpuram, Jishanth Maugeri, Andrea Mayeli, Mahsa Mazidi, Mohsen Mazzotti, Antonio McGrath, John J McKee, Martin McKowen, Anna Laura W McPhail, Michael A Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Kamran Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar Mekene Meto, Tesfahun Mendoza, Walter Menezes, Ritesh G Mensah, George A Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A Meo, Sultan Ayoub Meresa, Haftu Asmerom Meretoja, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Mersha, Abera M Mestrovic, Tomislav Mettananda, Kukulege Chamila Dinushi Mettananda, Sachith Michalek, Irmina Maria Miller, Paul Anthony Miller, Ted R Mills, Edward J Minh, Le Huu Nhat Mirijello, Antonio Mirrakhimov, Erkin M Mirutse, Mizan Kiros Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad Mirzaei, Maryam Mirzaei, Roya Misganaw, Awoke Mishra, Ajay Kumar Mitchell, Philip B Mittal, Chaitanya Moazen, Babak Moberg, Madeline E Mohamed, Jama Mohamed, Mouhand F H Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohammadi, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Soheil Mohammed, Hussen Mohammed, Salahuddin Mohammed, Shafiu Mohr, Robin M Mokdad, Ali H Molinaro, Sabrina Momtazmanesh, Sara Monasta, Lorenzo Mondello, Stefania Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli Moradi, Maryam Moradi, Yousef Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar Moraga, Paula Morawska, Lidia Moreira, Rafael Silveira Morovatdar, Negar Morrison, Shane Douglas Morze, Jakub Mosapour, Abbas Mosser, Jonathan F Mossialos, Elias Motappa, Rohith Mougin, Vincent Mouodi, Simin Mrejen, Matías Msherghi, Ahmed Mubarik, Sumaira Mueller, Ulrich Otto Mulita, Francesk Munjal, Kavita Murillo-Zamora, Efrén Murlimanju, BV Mustafa, Ghulam Muthu, Sathish Muzaffar, Muhammad Myung, Woojae Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Naghavi, Pirouz Naik, Ganesh R Nainu, Firzan Nair, Sanjeev Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid Nangia, Vinay Naqvi, Atta Abbas Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod Nargus, Shumaila Nascimento, Gustavo G Nashwan, Abdulqadir J Nasrollahizadeh, Ali Nasrollahizadeh, Amir Natto, Zuhair S Nayak, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Vinod C Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye Negash, Hadush Negoi, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria Nesbit, Olivia D Netsere, Henok Biresaw Ng, Marie Nguefack-Tsague, Georges Ngunjiri, Josephine W Nguyen, Dang H Nguyen, Hien Quang Niazi, Robina Khan Nikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos Nikoobar, Ali Nikoomanesh, Fatemeh Nikpoor, Amin Reza Nnaji, Chukwudi A Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles Noman, Efaq Ali Nomura, Shuhei Norrving, Bo Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi Ntaios, George Ntsekhe, Mpiko Nurrika, Dieta Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Oancea, Bogdan Odetokun, Ismail A O'Donnell, Martin James Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguta, James Odhiambo Okati-Aliabad, Hassan Okeke, Sylvester Reuben Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul Okonji, Osaretin Christabel Olagunju, Andrew T Olasupo, Omotola O Olatubi, Matthew Idowu Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Omar, Hany A Omer, Goran Latif Omonisi, Abidemi E Emmanuel Onie, Sandersan Onwujekwe, Obinna E Ordak, Michal Orish, Verner N Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V Ortiz, Alberto Ortiz-Brizuela, Edgar Osman, Wael M S Ostroff, Samuel M Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi Otoiu, Adrian Otstavnov, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Ouyahia, Amel Ouyang, Guoqing Owolabi, Mayowa O P A, Mahesh Padukudru Padron-Monedero, Alicia Padubidri, Jagadish Rao Palicz, Tamás Palladino, Claudia Pan, Feng Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha Panos, Georgios D Panos, Leonidas D Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela Pardhan, Shahina Parikh, Romil R Pashaei, Ava Pasovic, Maja Passera, Roberto Patel, Jay Patel, Sangram Kishor Patil, Shankargouda Patoulias, Dimitrios Patthipati, Venkata Suresh Pawar, Shrikant Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza Pease, Spencer A Peden, Amy E Pedersini, Paolo Peng, Minjin Pensato, Umberto Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino Peprah, Emmanuel K Peprah, Prince Perdigão, João Pereira, Maria Odete Perianayagam, Arokiasamy Perico, Norberto Pesudovs, Konrad Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily Petri, William A Pham, Hoang Tran Philip, Anil K Phillips, Michael R Pigeolet, Manon Pigott, David M Pillay, Julian David Piracha, Zahra Zahid Pirouzpanah, Saeed Plass, Dietrich Plotnikov, Evgenii Poddighe, Dimitri Polinder, Suzanne Postma, Maarten J Pourtaheri, Naeimeh Prada, Sergio I Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh Prakash, V Prasad, Manya Prates, Elton Junio Sady Priscilla, Tina Pritchett, Natalie Puri, Pooja Puvvula, Jagadeesh Qasim, Nameer Hashim Qattea, Ibrahim Qazi, Asma Saleem Qian, Gangzhen Rabiee Rad, Mehrdad Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman Raeisi Shahraki, Hadi Rafferty, Quinn Raggi, Alberto Raghav, Pankaja Raghav Rahim, Md Jillur Rahman, Md Mosfequr Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahmani, Shayan Rahmanian, Mohammad Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum Rajaa, Sathish Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran Ramasubramani, Premkumar Ramazanu, Sheena Rana, Kritika Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal Rancic, Nemanja Rane, Amey Rao, Chythra R Rao, Kumuda Rao, Mithun Rao, Sowmya J Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rathnaiah Babu, Giridhara Rauniyar, Santosh Kumar Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Razo, Christian Reddy, Murali Mohan Rama Krishna Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Reifels, Lennart Reiner Jr, Robert C Remuzzi, Giuseppe Renzaho, Andre M N Reshmi, Bhageerathy Reyes, Luis Felipe Rezaei, Nazila Rezaei, Negar Rezaei, Nima Rezaei Hachesu, Peyman Rezaeian, Mohsen Rickard, Jennifer Rodrigues, Célia Fortuna Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Roever, Leonardo Ronfani, Luca Roshandel, Gholamreza Rotimi, Kunle Rout, Himanshu Sekhar Roy, Bedanta Roy, Nitai Roy, Priyanka Rubagotti, Enrico S N, Chandan Saad, Aly M A Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed Sabour, Siamak Sacco, Simona Sachdev, Perminder S Saddik, Basema Saddler, Adam Sadee, Bashdar Abuzed Sadeghi, Erfan Sadeghi, Masoumeh Saeb, Mohammad Reza Saeed, Umar Safi, Sher Zaman Sagar, Rajesh Sagoe, Dominic Saif, Zahra Sajid, Mirza Rizwan Sakshaug, Joseph W Salam, Nasir Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa Salaroli, Luciane B Saleh, Mohamed A Salem, Marwa Rashad Salem, Mohammed Z Y Sallam, Malik Samadzadeh, Sara Samargandy, Saad Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo Samy, Abdallah M Sanabria, Juan Sanna, Francesca Santos, Itamar S Santric-Milicevic, Milena M Sarasmita, Made Ary Sarikhani, Yaser Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo Sarode, Gargi Sachin Sarode, Sachin C Sarveazad, Arash Sathian, Brijesh Sathyanarayan, Anudeep Satpathy, Maheswar Sawhney, Monika Scarmeas, Nikolaos Schaarschmidt, Benedikt Michael Schmidt, Maria Inês Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola Schumacher, Austin E Schwebel, David C Schwendicke, Falk Sedighi, Mansour Senapati, Sabyasachi Senthilkumaran, Subramanian Sepanlou, Sadaf G Sethi, Yashendra Setoguchi, Soko Seylani, Allen Shadid, Jamileh Shafie, Mahan Shah, Humaira Shah, Nilay S Shah, Pritik A Shahbandi, Ataollah Shahid, Samiah Shahid, Wajeehah Shahwan, Moyad Jamal Shaikh, Masood Ali Shakeri, Alireza Shalash, Ali S Sham, Sunder Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib Shamshirgaran, Mohammad Ali Shamsi, Mohammad Anas Shanawaz, Mohd Shankar, Abhishek Shannawaz, Mohammed Sharath, Medha Sharifan, Amin Sharifi-Rad, Javad Sharma, Manoj Sharma, Rajesh Sharma, Saurab Sharma, Ujjawal Sharma, Vishal Shastry, Rajesh P Shavandi, Amin Shayan, Amir Mehdi Shayan, Maryam Shehabeldine, Amr Mohamed Elsayed Shetty, Pavanchand H Shibuya, Kenji Shifa, Jemal Ebrahim Shiferaw, Desalegn Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shigematsu, Mika Shiri, Rahman Shitaye, Nebiyu Aniley Shittu, Aminu Shivakumar, K M Shivarov, Velizar Shokati Eshkiki, Zahra Shool, Sina Shrestha, Sunil Shuval, Kerem Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora Silva, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, João Pedro Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva, Soraia Simpson, Colin R Singal, Anjali Singh, Abhinav Singh, Balbir Bagicha Singh, Harmanjit Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Mahendra Singh, Paramdeep Skou, Søren T Sleet, David A Slepak, Erica Leigh N Solanki, Ranjan Soliman, Sameh S M Song, Suhang Song, Yimeng Sorensen, Reed J D Soriano, Joan B Soyiri, Ireneous N Spartalis, Michael Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T Stark, Benjamin A Starodubova, Antonina V Stein, Caroline Stein, Dan J Steiner, Caitlyn Steiner, Timothy J Steinmetz, Jaimie D Steiropoulos, Paschalis Stockfelt, Leo Stokes, Mark A Subedi, Narayan Subedi Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan Suemoto, Claudia Kimie Suleman, Muhammad Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan Sultana, Abida Sundström, Johan Swain, Chandan Kumar Szarpak, Lukasz Tabaee Damavandi, Payam Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael Tabatabaei Malazy, Ozra Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir Tabatabai, Shima Tabche, Celine Tabish, Mohammad Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar Taheri Abkenar, Yasaman Taheri Soodejani, Moslem Taherkhani, Amir Taiba, Jabeen Talaat, Iman M Talukder, Ashis Tampa, Mircea Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze Tan, Ker-Kan Tandukar, Sarmila Tang, Haosu Tavakoli Oliaee, Razieh Tavangar, Seyed Mohammad Teimoori, Mojtaba Temsah, Mohamad-Hani Teramoto, Masayuki Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman Thapar, Rekha Thayakaran, Rasiah Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish Thomas, Nihal Thomas, Nikhil Kenny Thum, Chern Choong Chern Tichopad, Ales Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera Tillawi, Tala Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan Tonelli, Marcello Topor-Madry, Roman Torre, Anna E Touvier, Mathilde Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Tran, Jasmine T Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Nghia Minh Tran, Ngoc-Ha Trico, Domenico Tromans, Samuel Joseph Truyen, Thien Tan Tri Tai Tsatsakis, Aristidis Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom Tsermpini, Evangelia Eirini Tumurkhuu, Munkhtuya Tyrovolas, Stefanos Udoh, Arit Umair, Muhammad Umakanthan, Srikanth Umar, Tungki Pratama Undurraga, Eduardo A Unim, Brigid Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran Unsworth, Carolyn Anne Upadhyay, Era Urso, Daniele Usman, Jibrin Sammani Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj Van den Eynde, Jef Varga, Orsolya Varma, Ravi Prasad Vart, Priya Vasankari, Tommi Juhani Vasic, Milena Vaziri, Siavash Vellingiri, Balachandar Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy Veroux, Massimiliano Verras, Georgios-Ioannis Vervoort, Dominique Villafañe, Jorge Hugo Violante, Francesco S Vlassov, Vasily Vollset, Stein Emil Volovat, Simona Ruxandra Vongpradith, Avina Waheed, Yasir Wang, Cong Wang, Fang Wang, Ning Wang, Shu Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Yuan-Pang Ward, Paul Wassie, Emebet Gashaw Weaver, Marcia R Weerakoon, Kosala Gayan Weintraub, Robert G Weiss, Daniel J Weldemariam, Abrha Hailay Wells, Katherine M Wen, Yi Feng Whisnant, Joanna L Whiteford, Harvey A Wiangkham, Taweewat Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Wilandika, Angga Wilkerson, Caroline Willeit, Peter Wimo, Anders Woldegebreal, Demewoz H Wolf, Axel Walter Wong, Yen Jun Woolf, Anthony D Wu, Chenkai Wu, Felicia Wu, Xinsheng Wu, Zenghong Wulf Hanson, Sarah Xia, Yanjie Xiao, Hong Xu, Xiaoyue Xu, Yvonne Yiru Yadav, Lalit Yadollahpour, Ali Yaghoubi, Sajad Yamagishi, Kazumasa Yang, Lin Yano, Yuichiro Yao, Yao Yaribeygi, Habib Yazdanpanah, Mohammad Hosein Ye, Pengpeng Yehualashet, Sisay Shewasinad Yesuf, Subah Abderehim Yezli, Saber Yiğit, Arzu Yiğit, Vahit Yigzaw, Zeamanuel Anteneh Yismaw, Yazachew Yon, Dong Keon Yonemoto, Naohiro Younis, Mustafa Z Yu, Chuanhua Yu, Yong Yusuf, Hadiza Zahid, Mondal Hasan Zakham, Fathiah Zaki, Leila Zaki, Nazar Zaman, Burhan Abdullah Zamora, Nelson Zand, Ramin Zandieh, Ghazal G Z Zar, Heather J Zarrintan, Armin Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich Zhang, Haijun Zhang, Ning Zhang, Yunquan Zhao, Hanqing Zhong, Chenwen Zhong, Panliang Zhou, Juexiao Zhu, Zhaohua Ziafati, Makan Zielińska, Magdalena Zimsen, Stephanie R M Zoladl, Mohammad Zumla, Alimuddin Zyoud, Samer H Vos, Theo Murray, Christopher J L |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Alize J, Ferrari Santomauro, Damian Francesco Aali, Amirali Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abbafati, Cristiana Abbastabar, Hedayat Abd ElHafeez, Samar Abdelmasseh, Michael Abd-Elsalam, Sherief Abdollahi, Arash Abdullahi, Auwal Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abualruz, Hasan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME Ackerman, Ilana N Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adewuyi, Habeeb Omoponle Afyouni, Shadi Afzal, Saira Afzal, Sina Agodi, Antonella Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Firdos Ahmad, Shahzaib Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Luai A Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ajami, Marjan Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Alalalmeh, Samer O Al-Aly, Ziyad Albashtawy, Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W Alemu, Meseret Desalegn Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta Alene, Kefyalew Addis Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Alharrasi, Maryam Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Rafat Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Al-Marwani, Sabah Almazan, Joseph Uy Alomari, Mahmoud A Al-Omari, Basem Altaany, Zaid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J Alwafi, Hassan Al-Wardat, Mohammad Sami Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed Aly, Safwat Alzoubi, Karem H Amare, Azmeraw T Amegbor, Prince M Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amin, Tarek Tawfik Amindarolzarbi, Alireza Amiri, Sohrab Amugsi, Dickson A Ancuceanu, Robert Anderlini, Deanna Anderson, David B Andrade, Pedro Prata Andrei, Catalina Liliana Ansari, Hossein Antony, Catherine M Anwar, Saleha Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Anwer, Razique Anyanwu, Philip Emeka Arab, Juan Pablo Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Araki, Daniel T Aravkin, Aleksandr Y Arkew, Mesay Armocida, Benedetta Arndt, Michael Benjamin Arooj, Mahwish Artamonov, Anton A Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Arumugam, Ashokan Ashbaugh, Charlie Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse Ashraf, Muhammad Asika, Marvellous O Askari, Elaheh Astell-Burt, Thomas Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atorkey, Prince Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atreya, Alok Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Avan, Abolfazl Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu Awuviry-Newton, Kofi Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L Azadnajafabad, Sina Azevedo, Rui M S Babu, Abraham Samuel Badar, Muhammad Badiye, Ashish D Baghdadi, Soroush Bagheri, Nasser Bah, Sulaiman Bai, Ruhai Baker, Jennifer L Bakkannavar, Shankar M Bako, Abdulaziz T Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar Bam, Kiran Banik, Palash Chandra Barchitta, Martina Bardhan, Mainak Bardideh, Erfan Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Barua, Lingkan Bashiri Aliabadi, Somaye Basiru, Afisu Basu, Sanjay Basu, Saurav Bathini, Prapthi Persis Batra, Kavita Baune, Bernhard T Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew Behnam, Babak Behnoush, Amir Hossein Beiranvand, Maryam Bejarano Ramirez, Diana Fernanda Bell, Michelle L Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Beloukas, Apostolos Bensenor, Isabela M Berezvai, Zombor Bernabe, Eduardo Bernstein, Robert S Bettencourt, Paulo J G Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhandari, Dinesh Bhargava, Ashish Bhaskar, Sonu Bhat, Vivek Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Manpreet S Bhatti, Rajbir Bhutta, Zulfiqar A Bikbov, Boris Bishai, Jessica Devin Bisignano, Catherine Bitra, Veera R Bjørge, Tone Bodolica, Virginia Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Bogale, Eyob Ketema Bonakdar Hashemi, Milad Bonny, Aime Bora Basara, Berrak Borhany, Hamed Boxe, Christopher Brady, Oliver J Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi Braithwaite, Dejana Brant, Luisa C Brauer, Michael Breitner, Susanne Brenner, Hermann Brown, Julie Brugha, Traolach Bulamu, Norma B Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Burns, Richard A Busse, Reinhard Bustanji, Yasser Butt, Zahid A Byun, Justin Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Calina, Daniela Cámera, Luis Alberto Campos-Nonato, Ismael R Cao, Chao Capodici, Angelo Carr, Sinclair Carreras, Giulia Carugno, Andrea Carvalho, Márcia Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A Castelpietra, Giulio Catapano, Alberico L Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia Caye, Arthur Cegolon, Luca Cembranel, Francieli Cenderadewi, Muthia Cerin, Ester Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan, Raymond N C Chandika, Rama Mohan Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K Charalampous, Periklis Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, Victoria Chen, Angela W Chen, An-Tian Chen, Catherine S Chen, Haowei Chen, Nathalie M Cheng, Esther T W Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel Chimoriya, Ritesh Ching, Patrick R Cho, William C S Choi, Sungchul Chong, Bryan Chong, Yuen Yu Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chowdhury, Rajiv Christensen, Steffan Wittrup McPhee Chu, Dinh-Toi Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Chung, Eric Chung, Eunice Chutiyami, Muhammad Claassens, Mareli M Cogen, Rebecca M Columbus, Alyssa Conde, Joao Cortesi, Paolo Angelo Cousin, Ewerton Criqui, Michael H Cruz-Martins, Natália Dadras, Omid Dai, Siyu Dai, Xiaochen Dai, Zhaoli Dalaba, Maxwell Ayindenaba Damiani, Giovanni Das, Jai K Das, Saswati Dashti, Mohsen Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto Davletov, Kairat De Leo, Diego Debele, Aklilu Tamire Debopadhaya, Shayom DeCleene, Nicole K Deeba, Farah Degenhardt, Louisa Del Bo', Cristian Delgado-Enciso, Ivan Demetriades, Andreas K Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Dervenis, Nikolaos Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Rupak Deuba, Keshab Dhama, Kuldeep Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dhingra, Sameer Dias da Silva, Diana Diaz, Daniel Diaz, Luis Antonio Diaz, Michael J Dima, Adriana Ding, Delaney D Dirac, M Ashworth Do, Thao Huynh Phuong do Prado, Camila Bruneli Dohare, Sushil Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva Dong, Wanyue Dongarwar, Deepa D'Oria, Mario Dorsey, E Ray Doshmangir, Leila Dowou, Robert Kokou Driscoll, Tim Robert Dsouza, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Viola Dube, John Dumith, Samuel C Duncan, Bruce B Duraes, Andre Rodrigues Duraisamy, Senbagam Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher Dzianach, Paulina Agnieszka Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian Eboreime, Ejemai Ebrahimi, Alireza Edinur, Hisham Atan Edvardsson, David Eikemo, Terje Andreas Eini, Ebrahim Ekholuenetale, Michael Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus El Sayed, Iman El Tantawi, Maha Elbarazi, Iffat Elemam, Noha Mousaad ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik Elhadi, Muhammed Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou ELNahas, Gihan Elshaer, Mohammed Elsohaby, Ibrahim Engelbert Bain, Luchuo Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj Eshrati, Babak Estep, Kara Fabin, Natalia Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis Falzone, Luca Fareed, Mohammad Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud Faro, Andre Farrokhi, Pegah Fatehizadeh, Ali Fauk, Nelsensius Klau Feigin, Valery L Feng, Xiaoqi Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad Feroze, Abdullah Hamid Ferreira, Nuno Ferreira, Paulo H Fischer, Florian Flavel, Joanne Flood, David Flor, Luisa S Foigt, Nataliya A Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Force, Lisa M Fortuna, Daniela Foschi, Matteo Franklin, Richard Charles Freitas, Alberto Fukumoto, Takeshi Furtado, João M Gaal, Peter Andras Gadanya, Muktar A Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gaihre, Santosh Galali, Yaseen Ganbat, Mandukhai Gandhi, Aravind P Ganesan, Balasankar Ganie, Mohd Ashraf Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat Gardner, William M Gebi, Tilaye Gebru Gebregergis, Miglas W Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Gebremariam, Tesfay B B Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru Gela, Yibeltal Yismaw Georgescu, Simona Roxana Getachew Obsa, Abera Gething, Peter W Getie, Molla Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghadirian, Fataneh Ghailan, Khalid Yaser Ghajar, Alireza Ghasemi, MohammadReza Ghasempour Dabaghi, Ghazal Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed Gholamrezanezhad, Ali Ghorbani, Mahsa Ghotbi, Elena Gibson, Ruth Margaret Gill, Tiffany K Ginindza, Themba G Girmay, Alem Glasbey, James C Göbölös, Laszlo Godinho, Myron Anthony Goharinezhad, Salime Goldust, Mohamad Golechha, Mahaveer Goleij, Pouya Gona, Philimon N Gorini, Giuseppe Goulart, Alessandra C Grada, Ayman Grivna, Michal Guan, Shi-Yang Guarducci, Giovanni Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa Guha, Avirup Guicciardi, Stefano Gulati, Snigdha Gulisashvili, David Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga Guo, Cui Gupta, Anish Kumar Gupta, Bhawna Gupta, Ishita Gupta, Mohak Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma Habibzadeh, Farrokh Habibzadeh, Parham Haddadi, Rasool Hadi, Najah R Haep, Nils Hafezi-Nejad, Nima Hafiz, Abdul Hagins, Hailey Halboub, Esam S Halimi, Aram Haller, Sebastian Halwani, Rabih Hamilton, Erin B Hankey, Graeme J Hannan, Md Abdul Haque, Md Nuruzzaman Harapan, Harapan Haro, Josep Maria Hartvigsen, Jan Hasaballah, Ahmed I Hasan, Ikramul Hasanian, Mohammad Hasnain, Md Saquib Hassan, Amr Haubold, Johannes Havmoeller, Rasmus J Hay, Simon I Hayat, Khezar Hebert, Jeffrey J Hegazi, Omar E Heidari, Golnaz Helfer, Bartosz Hemmati, Mehdi Hendrie, Delia Henson, Claire A Hezam, Kamal Hiraike, Yuta Hoan, Nguyen Quoc Holla, Ramesh Hon, Julia Hossain, Md Mahbub Hosseinzadeh, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hostiuc, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hsu, Johnathan M Huang, Junjie Hugo, Fernando N Hushmandi, Kiavash Hussain, Javid Hussein, Nawfal R Huynh, Chantal K Huynh, Hong-Han Hwang, Bing-Fang Iannucci, Vincent C Ihler, Audrey L Ikiroma, Adalia I Ikuta, Kevin S Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Ilic, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Imam, Mohammad Tarique Immurana, Mustapha Irham, Lalu Muhammad Islam, Md Rabiul Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islami, Farhad Ismail, Faisal Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah Isola, Gaetano Iwagami, Masao Iwu, Chidozie C D Iyer, Mahalaxmi Jaafari, Jalil Jacobsen, Kathryn H Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad Jafarinia, Morteza Jaggi, Khushleen Jahankhani, Kasra Jahanmehr, Nader Jahrami, Haitham Jain, Akhil Jain, Nityanand Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman Jaiswal, Abhishek Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Jatau, Abubakar Ibrahim Javadov, Sabzali Javaheri, Tahereh Jayapal, Sathish Kumar Jayaram, Shubha Jee, Sun Ha Jeganathan, Jayakumar Jeyakumar, Angeline Jha, Anil K Jiang, Heng Jin, Yinzi Jonas, Jost B Joo, Tamas Joseph, Abel Joseph, Nitin Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Jürisson, Mikk K, Vaishali Kaambwa, Billingsley Kabir, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kadashetti, Vidya Kalani, Rizwan Kalankesh, Leila R Kaliyadan, Feroze Kalra, Sanjay Kamenov, Kaloyan Kamyari, Naser Kanagasabai, Thanigaivelan Kandel, Himal Kanmanthareddy, Arun R Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem Kantar, Rami S Karaye, Ibraheem M Karim, Asima Karimi, Salah Eddin Karimi, Yeganeh Kasraei, Hengameh Kassel, Molly B Kauppila, Joonas H Kawakami, Norito Kayode, Gbenga A Kazemi, Foad Kazemian, Sina Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila Keller, Cathleen Kempen, John H Kerr, Jessica A Keshtkar, Kamyab Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle Keykhaei, Mohammad Khajuria, Himanshu Khalaji, Amirmohammad Khalid, Asaad Khalid, Nauman Khalilian, Alireza Khamesipour, Faham Khan, Asaduzzaman Khan, Ikramullah Khan, Maseer Khan, Moien AB Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh Khatab, Khaled Khatami, Fatemeh Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad Khater, Amir M Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza Khidri, Feriha Fatima Khodadoust, Elaheh Khormali, Moein Khorrami, Zahra Kifle, Zemene Demelash Kim, Min Seo Kimokoti, Ruth W Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo Kocarnik, Jonathan M Kochhar, Sonali Koh, Hyun Yong Kolahi, Ali-Asghar Kompani, Farzad Koren, Gerbrand Korzh, Oleksii Kosen, Soewarta Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Krishan, Kewal Krishna, Varun Krishnamoorthy, Vijay Kuate Defo, Barthelemy Kuddus, Md Abdul Kuddus, Mohammed Kuitunen, Ilari Kulkarni, Vishnutheertha Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Rakesh Kurmi, Om P Kusuma, Dian Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe La Vecchia, Carlo Lacey, Ben Ladan, Muhammad Awwal Laflamme, Lucie Lafranconi, Alessandra Lahariya, Chandrakant Lai, Daphne Teck Ching Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Lalloo, Ratilal Lallukka, Tea Lám, Judit Lan, Qing Lan, Tuo Landires, Iván Lanfranchi, Francesco Langguth, Berthold Laplante-Lévesque, Ariane Larijani, Bagher Larsson, Anders O Lasrado, Savita Lauriola, Paolo Le, Huu-Hoai Le, Long Khanh Dao Le, Nhi Huu Hanh Le, Trang Diep Thanh Leasher, Janet L Ledda, Caterina Lee, Munjae Lee, Paul H Lee, Sang-woong Lee, Seung Won Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han LeGrand, Kate E Lenzi, Jacopo Leong, Elvynna Leung, Janni Li, Ming-Chieh Li, Wei Li, Xiaopan Li, Yichong Li, Yongze Lim, Lee-Ling Lim, Stephen S Lindstrom, Megan Linn, Shai Liu, Gang Liu, Runben Liu, Shiwei Liu, Wei Liu, Xiaofeng Liu, Xuefeng Llanaj, Erand Lo, Chun-Han López-Bueno, Rubén Loreche, Arianna Maever Lorenzovici, László Lozano, Rafael Lubinda, Jailos Lucchetti, Giancarlo Lunevicius, Raimundas Lusk, Jay B lv, hengliang Ma, Zheng Feei Machairas, Nikolaos Madureira-Carvalho, Áurea M Magaña Gómez, Javier A Maghazachi, Azzam A Maharjan, Preeti Mahasha, Phetole Walter Maheri, Mina Mahjoub, Soleiman Mahmoud, Mansour Adam Mahmoudi, Elham Majeed, Azeem Makris, Konstantinos Christos Malakan Rad, Elaheh Malhotra, Kashish Malik, Ahmad Azam Malik, Iram Malta, Deborah Carvalho Manla, Yosef Mansour, Ali Mansouri, Pejman Mansournia, Mohammad Ali Mantilla Herrera, Ana M Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni Manu, Emmanuel Marateb, Hamid Reza Mardi, Parham Martinez, Gabriel Martinez-Piedra, Ramon Martini, Daniela Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio Martorell, Miquel Marx, Wolfgang Maryam, Sharmeen Marzo, Roy Rillera Mathangasinghe, Yasith Mathieson, Stephanie Mathioudakis, Alexander G Mattumpuram, Jishanth Maugeri, Andrea Mayeli, Mahsa Mazidi, Mohsen Mazzotti, Antonio McGrath, John J McKee, Martin McKowen, Anna Laura W McPhail, Michael A Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Kamran Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar Mekene Meto, Tesfahun Mendoza, Walter Menezes, Ritesh G Mensah, George A Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A Meo, Sultan Ayoub Meresa, Haftu Asmerom Meretoja, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Mersha, Abera M Mestrovic, Tomislav Mettananda, Kukulege Chamila Dinushi Mettananda, Sachith Michalek, Irmina Maria Miller, Paul Anthony Miller, Ted R Mills, Edward J Minh, Le Huu Nhat Mirijello, Antonio Mirrakhimov, Erkin M Mirutse, Mizan Kiros Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad Mirzaei, Maryam Mirzaei, Roya Misganaw, Awoke Mishra, Ajay Kumar Mitchell, Philip B Mittal, Chaitanya Moazen, Babak Moberg, Madeline E Mohamed, Jama Mohamed, Mouhand F H Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohammadi, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Soheil Mohammed, Hussen Mohammed, Salahuddin Mohammed, Shafiu Mohr, Robin M Mokdad, Ali H Molinaro, Sabrina Momtazmanesh, Sara Monasta, Lorenzo Mondello, Stefania Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli Moradi, Maryam Moradi, Yousef Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar Moraga, Paula Morawska, Lidia Moreira, Rafael Silveira Morovatdar, Negar Morrison, Shane Douglas Morze, Jakub Mosapour, Abbas Mosser, Jonathan F Mossialos, Elias Motappa, Rohith Mougin, Vincent Mouodi, Simin Mrejen, Matías Msherghi, Ahmed Mubarik, Sumaira Mueller, Ulrich Otto Mulita, Francesk Munjal, Kavita Murillo-Zamora, Efrén Murlimanju, BV Mustafa, Ghulam Muthu, Sathish Muzaffar, Muhammad Myung, Woojae Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Naghavi, Pirouz Naik, Ganesh R Nainu, Firzan Nair, Sanjeev Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid Nangia, Vinay Naqvi, Atta Abbas Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod Nargus, Shumaila Nascimento, Gustavo G Nashwan, Abdulqadir J Nasrollahizadeh, Ali Nasrollahizadeh, Amir Natto, Zuhair S Nayak, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Vinod C Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye Negash, Hadush Negoi, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria Nesbit, Olivia D Netsere, Henok Biresaw Ng, Marie Nguefack-Tsague, Georges Ngunjiri, Josephine W Nguyen, Dang H Nguyen, Hien Quang Niazi, Robina Khan Nikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos Nikoobar, Ali Nikoomanesh, Fatemeh Nikpoor, Amin Reza Nnaji, Chukwudi A Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles Noman, Efaq Ali Nomura, Shuhei Norrving, Bo Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi Ntaios, George Ntsekhe, Mpiko Nurrika, Dieta Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Oancea, Bogdan Odetokun, Ismail A O'Donnell, Martin James Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguta, James Odhiambo Okati-Aliabad, Hassan Okeke, Sylvester Reuben Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul Okonji, Osaretin Christabel Olagunju, Andrew T Olasupo, Omotola O Olatubi, Matthew Idowu Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Omar, Hany A Omer, Goran Latif Omonisi, Abidemi E Emmanuel Onie, Sandersan Onwujekwe, Obinna E Ordak, Michal Orish, Verner N Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V Ortiz, Alberto Ortiz-Brizuela, Edgar Osman, Wael M S Ostroff, Samuel M Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi Otoiu, Adrian Otstavnov, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Ouyahia, Amel Ouyang, Guoqing Owolabi, Mayowa O P A, Mahesh Padukudru Padron-Monedero, Alicia Padubidri, Jagadish Rao Palicz, Tamás Palladino, Claudia Pan, Feng Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha Panos, Georgios D Panos, Leonidas D Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela Pardhan, Shahina Parikh, Romil R Pashaei, Ava Pasovic, Maja Passera, Roberto Patel, Jay Patel, Sangram Kishor Patil, Shankargouda Patoulias, Dimitrios Patthipati, Venkata Suresh Pawar, Shrikant Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza Pease, Spencer A Peden, Amy E Pedersini, Paolo Peng, Minjin Pensato, Umberto Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino Peprah, Emmanuel K Peprah, Prince Perdigão, João Pereira, Maria Odete Perianayagam, Arokiasamy Perico, Norberto Pesudovs, Konrad Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily Petri, William A Pham, Hoang Tran Philip, Anil K Phillips, Michael R Pigeolet, Manon Pigott, David M Pillay, Julian David Piracha, Zahra Zahid Pirouzpanah, Saeed Plass, Dietrich Plotnikov, Evgenii Poddighe, Dimitri Polinder, Suzanne Postma, Maarten J Pourtaheri, Naeimeh Prada, Sergio I Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh Prakash, V Prasad, Manya Prates, Elton Junio Sady Priscilla, Tina Pritchett, Natalie Puri, Pooja Puvvula, Jagadeesh Qasim, Nameer Hashim Qattea, Ibrahim Qazi, Asma Saleem Qian, Gangzhen Rabiee Rad, Mehrdad Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman Raeisi Shahraki, Hadi Rafferty, Quinn Raggi, Alberto Raghav, Pankaja Raghav Rahim, Md Jillur Rahman, Md Mosfequr Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahmani, Shayan Rahmanian, Mohammad Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum Rajaa, Sathish Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran Ramasubramani, Premkumar Ramazanu, Sheena Rana, Kritika Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal Rancic, Nemanja Rane, Amey Rao, Chythra R Rao, Kumuda Rao, Mithun Rao, Sowmya J Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rathnaiah Babu, Giridhara Rauniyar, Santosh Kumar Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Razo, Christian Reddy, Murali Mohan Rama Krishna Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Reifels, Lennart Reiner Jr, Robert C Remuzzi, Giuseppe Renzaho, Andre M N Reshmi, Bhageerathy Reyes, Luis Felipe Rezaei, Nazila Rezaei, Negar Rezaei, Nima Rezaei Hachesu, Peyman Rezaeian, Mohsen Rickard, Jennifer Rodrigues, Célia Fortuna Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Roever, Leonardo Ronfani, Luca Roshandel, Gholamreza Rotimi, Kunle Rout, Himanshu Sekhar Roy, Bedanta Roy, Nitai Roy, Priyanka Rubagotti, Enrico S N, Chandan Saad, Aly M A Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed Sabour, Siamak Sacco, Simona Sachdev, Perminder S Saddik, Basema Saddler, Adam Sadee, Bashdar Abuzed Sadeghi, Erfan Sadeghi, Masoumeh Saeb, Mohammad Reza Saeed, Umar Safi, Sher Zaman Sagar, Rajesh Sagoe, Dominic Saif, Zahra Sajid, Mirza Rizwan Sakshaug, Joseph W Salam, Nasir Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa Salaroli, Luciane B Saleh, Mohamed A Salem, Marwa Rashad Salem, Mohammed Z Y Sallam, Malik Samadzadeh, Sara Samargandy, Saad Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo Samy, Abdallah M Sanabria, Juan Sanna, Francesca Santos, Itamar S Santric-Milicevic, Milena M Sarasmita, Made Ary Sarikhani, Yaser Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo Sarode, Gargi Sachin Sarode, Sachin C Sarveazad, Arash Sathian, Brijesh Sathyanarayan, Anudeep Satpathy, Maheswar Sawhney, Monika Scarmeas, Nikolaos Schaarschmidt, Benedikt Michael Schmidt, Maria Inês Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola Schumacher, Austin E Schwebel, David C Schwendicke, Falk Sedighi, Mansour Senapati, Sabyasachi Senthilkumaran, Subramanian Sepanlou, Sadaf G Sethi, Yashendra Setoguchi, Soko Seylani, Allen Shadid, Jamileh Shafie, Mahan Shah, Humaira Shah, Nilay S Shah, Pritik A Shahbandi, Ataollah Shahid, Samiah Shahid, Wajeehah Shahwan, Moyad Jamal Shaikh, Masood Ali Shakeri, Alireza Shalash, Ali S Sham, Sunder Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib Shamshirgaran, Mohammad Ali Shamsi, Mohammad Anas Shanawaz, Mohd Shankar, Abhishek Shannawaz, Mohammed Sharath, Medha Sharifan, Amin Sharifi-Rad, Javad Sharma, Manoj Sharma, Rajesh Sharma, Saurab Sharma, Ujjawal Sharma, Vishal Shastry, Rajesh P Shavandi, Amin Shayan, Amir Mehdi Shayan, Maryam Shehabeldine, Amr Mohamed Elsayed Shetty, Pavanchand H Shibuya, Kenji Shifa, Jemal Ebrahim Shiferaw, Desalegn Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shigematsu, Mika Shiri, Rahman Shitaye, Nebiyu Aniley Shittu, Aminu Shivakumar, K M Shivarov, Velizar Shokati Eshkiki, Zahra Shool, Sina Shrestha, Sunil Shuval, Kerem Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora Silva, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, João Pedro Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva, Soraia Simpson, Colin R Singal, Anjali Singh, Abhinav Singh, Balbir Bagicha Singh, Harmanjit Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Mahendra Singh, Paramdeep Skou, Søren T Sleet, David A Slepak, Erica Leigh N Solanki, Ranjan Soliman, Sameh S M Song, Suhang Song, Yimeng Sorensen, Reed J D Soriano, Joan B Soyiri, Ireneous N Spartalis, Michael Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T Stark, Benjamin A Starodubova, Antonina V Stein, Caroline Stein, Dan J Steiner, Caitlyn Steiner, Timothy J Steinmetz, Jaimie D Steiropoulos, Paschalis Stockfelt, Leo Stokes, Mark A Subedi, Narayan Subedi Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan Suemoto, Claudia Kimie Suleman, Muhammad Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan Sultana, Abida Sundström, Johan Swain, Chandan Kumar Szarpak, Lukasz Tabaee Damavandi, Payam Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael Tabatabaei Malazy, Ozra Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir Tabatabai, Shima Tabche, Celine Tabish, Mohammad Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar Taheri Abkenar, Yasaman Taheri Soodejani, Moslem Taherkhani, Amir Taiba, Jabeen Talaat, Iman M Talukder, Ashis Tampa, Mircea Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze Tan, Ker-Kan Tandukar, Sarmila Tang, Haosu Tavakoli Oliaee, Razieh Tavangar, Seyed Mohammad Teimoori, Mojtaba Temsah, Mohamad-Hani Teramoto, Masayuki Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman Thapar, Rekha Thayakaran, Rasiah Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish Thomas, Nihal Thomas, Nikhil Kenny Thum, Chern Choong Chern Tichopad, Ales Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera Tillawi, Tala Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan Tonelli, Marcello Topor-Madry, Roman Torre, Anna E Touvier, Mathilde Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Tran, Jasmine T Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Nghia Minh Tran, Ngoc-Ha Trico, Domenico Tromans, Samuel Joseph Truyen, Thien Tan Tri Tai Tsatsakis, Aristidis Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom Tsermpini, Evangelia Eirini Tumurkhuu, Munkhtuya Tyrovolas, Stefanos Udoh, Arit Umair, Muhammad Umakanthan, Srikanth Umar, Tungki Pratama Undurraga, Eduardo A Unim, Brigid Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran Unsworth, Carolyn Anne Upadhyay, Era Urso, Daniele Usman, Jibrin Sammani Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj Van den Eynde, Jef Varga, Orsolya Varma, Ravi Prasad Vart, Priya Vasankari, Tommi Juhani Vasic, Milena Vaziri, Siavash Vellingiri, Balachandar Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy Veroux, Massimiliano Verras, Georgios-Ioannis Vervoort, Dominique Villafañe, Jorge Hugo Violante, Francesco S Vlassov, Vasily Vollset, Stein Emil Volovat, Simona Ruxandra Vongpradith, Avina Waheed, Yasir Wang, Cong Wang, Fang Wang, Ning Wang, Shu Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Yuan-Pang Ward, Paul Wassie, Emebet Gashaw Weaver, Marcia R Weerakoon, Kosala Gayan Weintraub, Robert G Weiss, Daniel J Weldemariam, Abrha Hailay Wells, Katherine M Wen, Yi Feng Whisnant, Joanna L Whiteford, Harvey A Wiangkham, Taweewat Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Wilandika, Angga Wilkerson, Caroline Willeit, Peter Wimo, Anders Woldegebreal, Demewoz H Wolf, Axel Walter Wong, Yen Jun Woolf, Anthony D Wu, Chenkai Wu, Felicia Wu, Xinsheng Wu, Zenghong Wulf Hanson, Sarah Xia, Yanjie Xiao, Hong Xu, Xiaoyue Xu, Yvonne Yiru Yadav, Lalit Yadollahpour, Ali Yaghoubi, Sajad Yamagishi, Kazumasa Yang, Lin Yano, Yuichiro Yao, Yao Yaribeygi, Habib Yazdanpanah, Mohammad Hosein Ye, Pengpeng Yehualashet, Sisay Shewasinad Yesuf, Subah Abderehim Yezli, Saber Yiğit, Arzu Yiğit, Vahit Yigzaw, Zeamanuel Anteneh Yismaw, Yazachew Yon, Dong Keon Yonemoto, Naohiro Younis, Mustafa Z Yu, Chuanhua Yu, Yong Yusuf, Hadiza Zahid, Mondal Hasan Zakham, Fathiah Zaki, Leila Zaki, Nazar Zaman, Burhan Abdullah Zamora, Nelson Zand, Ramin Zandieh, Ghazal G Z Zar, Heather J Zarrintan, Armin Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich Zhang, Haijun Zhang, Ning Zhang, Yunquan Zhao, Hanqing Zhong, Chenwen Zhong, Panliang Zhou, Juexiao Zhu, Zhaohua Ziafati, Makan Zielińska, Magdalena Zimsen, Stephanie R M Zoladl, Mohammad Zumla, Alimuddin Zyoud, Samer H Vos, Theo Murray, Christopher J L |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2024-04-22T06:27:58Z 2024-04-17 |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00757-8 01406736 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673624007578 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/54026 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | en |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Elsevier |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Global incidence prevalence years lived with disability (YLDs) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) healthy life expectancy (HALE) |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| description | Background Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researchers, policy makers, and other professionals to implement strategies that can mitigate diseases. It can also facilitate more rigorous monitoring of progress towards national and international health targets, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. For three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has filled that need. A global network of collaborators contributed to the production of GBD 2021 by providing, reviewing, and analysing all available data. GBD estimates are updated routinely with additional data and refined analytical methods. GBD 2021 presents, for the first time, estimates of health loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsThe GBD 2021 disease and injury burden analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries using 100 983 data sources. Data were extracted from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, censuses, household surveys, disease-specific registries, health service contact data, and other sources. YLDs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific prevalence of sequelae by their respective disability weights, for each disease and injury. YLLs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific deaths by the standard life expectancy at the age that death occurred. DALYs were calculated by summing YLDs and YLLs. HALE estimates were produced using YLDs per capita and age-specific mortality rates by location, age, sex, year, and cause. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for all final estimates as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles values of 500 draws. Uncertainty was propagated at each step of the estimation process. Counts and age-standardised rates were calculated globally, for seven super-regions, 21 regions, 204 countries and territories (including 21 countries with subnational locations), and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. Here we report data for 2010 to 2021 to highlight trends in disease burden over the past decade and through the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. FindingsGlobal DALYs increased from 2·63 billion (95% UI 2·44–2·85) in 2010 to 2·88 billion (2·64–3·15) in 2021 for all causes combined. Much of this increase in the number of DALYs was due to population growth and ageing, as indicated by a decrease in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates of 14·2% (95% UI 10·7–17·3) between 2010 and 2019. Notably, however, this decrease in rates reversed during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, with increases in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates since 2019 of 4·1% (1·8–6·3) in 2020 and 7·2% (4·7–10·0) in 2021. In 2021, COVID-19 was the leading cause of DALYs globally (212·0 million [198·0–234·5] DALYs), followed by ischaemic heart disease (188·3 million [176·7–198·3]), neonatal disorders (186·3 million [162·3–214·9]), and stroke (160·4 million [148·0–171·7]). However, notable health gains were seen among other leading communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases. Globally between 2010 and 2021, the age-standardised DALY rates for HIV/AIDS decreased by 47·8% (43·3–51·7) and for diarrhoeal diseases decreased by 47·0% (39·9–52·9). Non-communicable diseases contributed 1·73 billion (95% UI 1·54–1·94) DALYs in 2021, with a decrease in age-standardised DALY rates since 2010 of 6·4% (95% UI 3·5–9·5). Between 2010 and 2021, among the 25 leading Level 3 causes, age-standardised DALY rates increased most substantially for anxiety disorders (16·7% [14·0–19·8]), depressive disorders (16·4% [11·9–21·3]), and diabetes (14·0% [10·0–17·4]). Age-standardised DALY rates due to injuries decreased globally by 24·0% (20·7–27·2) between 2010 and 2021, although improvements were not uniform across locations, ages, and sexes. Globally, HALE at birth improved slightly, from 61·3 years (58·6–63·6) in 2010 to 62·2 years (59·4–64·7) in 2021. However, despite this overall increase, HALE decreased by 2·2% (1·6–2·9) between 2019 and 2021. InterpretationPutting the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of causes of health loss is crucial to understanding its impact and ensuring that health funding and policy address needs at both local and global levels through cost-effective and evidence-based interventions. A global epidemiological transition remains underway. Our findings suggest that prioritising non-communicable disease prevention and treatment policies, as well as strengthening health systems, continues to be crucially important. The progress on reducing the burden of CMNN diseases must not stall; although global trends are improving, the burden of CMNN diseases remains unacceptably high. Evidence-based interventions will help save the lives of young children and mothers and improve the overall health and economic conditions of societies across the world. Governments and multilateral organisations should prioritise pandemic preparedness planning alongside efforts to reduce the burden of diseases and injuries that will strain resources in the coming decades. FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | qu_79f66e6cc15ee57f28af1f27f121485c |
| identifier_str_mv | 01406736 |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en |
| network_acronym_str | qu |
| network_name_str | Qatar University repository |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/54026 |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Elsevier |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| spelling | Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021Alize J, FerrariSantomauro, Damian FrancescoAali, AmiraliAbate, Yohannes HabtegiorgisAbbafati, CristianaAbbastabar, HedayatAbd ElHafeez, SamarAbdelmasseh, MichaelAbd-Elsalam, SheriefAbdollahi, ArashAbdullahi, AuwalAbegaz, Kedir HusseinAbeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto ArielAboagye, Richard GyanAbolhassani, HassanAbreu, Lucas GuimarãesAbualruz, HasanAbu-Gharbieh, EmanAbu-Rmeileh, Niveen MEAckerman, Ilana NAddo, Isaac YeboahAddolorato, GiovanniAdebiyi, Akindele OlupelumiAdepoju, Abiola VictorAdewuyi, Habeeb OmoponleAfyouni, ShadiAfzal, SairaAfzal, SinaAgodi, AntonellaAhmad, AqeelAhmad, DanishAhmad, FirdosAhmad, ShahzaibAhmed, AliAhmed, Luai AAhmed, Muktar BeshirAjami, MarjanAkinosoglou, KarolinaAkkaif, Mohammed AhmedAl Hasan, Syed MahfuzAlalalmeh, Samer OAl-Aly, ZiyadAlbashtawy, MohammedAldridge, Robert WAlemu, Meseret DesalegnAlemu, Yihun MulugetaAlene, Kefyalew AddisAl-Gheethi, Adel Ali SaeedAlharrasi, MaryamAlhassan, Robert KabaAli, Mohammed UsmanAli, RafatAli, Syed Shujait ShujaitAlif, Sheikh MohammadAljunid, Syed MohamedAl-Marwani, SabahAlmazan, Joseph UyAlomari, Mahmoud AAl-Omari, BasemAltaany, ZaidAlvis-Guzman, NelsonAlvis-Zakzuk, Nelson JAlwafi, HassanAl-Wardat, Mohammad SamiAl-Worafi, Yaser MohammedAly, SafwatAlzoubi, Karem HAmare, Azmeraw TAmegbor, Prince MAmeyaw, Edward KwabenaAmin, Tarek TawfikAmindarolzarbi, AlirezaAmiri, SohrabAmugsi, Dickson AAncuceanu, RobertAnderlini, DeannaAnderson, David BAndrade, Pedro PrataAndrei, Catalina LilianaAnsari, HosseinAntony, Catherine MAnwar, SalehaAnwar, Sumadi LukmanAnwer, RaziqueAnyanwu, Philip EmekaArab, Juan PabloArabloo, JalalArafat, MosabAraki, Daniel TAravkin, Aleksandr YArkew, MesayArmocida, BenedettaArndt, Michael BenjaminArooj, MahwishArtamonov, Anton AAruleba, Raphael TaiwoArumugam, AshokanAshbaugh, CharlieAshemo, Mubarek YesseAshraf, MuhammadAsika, Marvellous OAskari, ElahehAstell-Burt, ThomasAthari, Seyyed ShamsadinAtorkey, PrinceAtout, Maha Moh'd WahbiAtreya, AlokAujayeb, AvinashAusloos, MarcelAvan, AbolfazlAwotidebe, Adedapo WasiuAwuviry-Newton, KofiAyala Quintanilla, Beatriz PaulinaAyuso-Mateos, Jose LAzadnajafabad, SinaAzevedo, Rui M SBabu, Abraham SamuelBadar, MuhammadBadiye, Ashish DBaghdadi, SoroushBagheri, NasserBah, SulaimanBai, RuhaiBaker, Jennifer LBakkannavar, Shankar MBako, Abdulaziz TBalakrishnan, SenthilkumarBam, KiranBanik, Palash ChandraBarchitta, MartinaBardhan, MainakBardideh, ErfanBarker-Collo, Suzanne LynBarqawi, Hiba JawdatBarrow, AmadouBarteit, SandraBarua, LingkanBashiri Aliabadi, SomayeBasiru, AfisuBasu, SanjayBasu, SauravBathini, Prapthi PersisBatra, KavitaBaune, Bernhard TBayileyegn, Nebiyou SimegnewBehnam, BabakBehnoush, Amir HosseinBeiranvand, MaryamBejarano Ramirez, Diana FernandaBell, Michelle LBello, Olorunjuwon OmolajaBeloukas, ApostolosBensenor, Isabela MBerezvai, ZomborBernabe, EduardoBernstein, Robert SBettencourt, Paulo J GBhagavathula, Akshaya SrikanthBhala, NeerajBhandari, DineshBhargava, AshishBhaskar, SonuBhat, VivekBhatti, Gurjit KaurBhatti, Jasvinder SinghBhatti, Manpreet SBhatti, RajbirBhutta, Zulfiqar ABikbov, BorisBishai, Jessica DevinBisignano, CatherineBitra, Veera RBjørge, ToneBodolica, VirginiaBodunrin, Aadam OlalekanBogale, Eyob KetemaBonakdar Hashemi, MiladBonny, AimeBora Basara, BerrakBorhany, HamedBoxe, ChristopherBrady, Oliver JBragazzi, Nicola LuigiBraithwaite, DejanaBrant, Luisa CBrauer, MichaelBreitner, SusanneBrenner, HermannBrown, JulieBrugha, TraolachBulamu, Norma BBuonsenso, DaniloBurkart, KatrinBurns, Richard ABusse, ReinhardBustanji, YasserButt, Zahid AByun, JustinCaetano dos Santos, Florentino LucianoCalina, DanielaCámera, Luis AlbertoCampos-Nonato, Ismael RCao, ChaoCapodici, AngeloCarr, SinclairCarreras, GiuliaCarugno, AndreaCarvalho, MárciaCastaldelli-Maia, Joao MauricioCastañeda-Orjuela, Carlos ACastelpietra, GiulioCatapano, Alberico LCattaruzza, Maria SofiaCaye, ArthurCegolon, LucaCembranel, FrancieliCenderadewi, MuthiaCerin, EsterChakraborty, Promit AnanyoChan, Jeffrey Shi KaiChan, Raymond N CChandika, Rama MohanChandrasekar, Eeshwar KCharalampous, PeriklisChattu, Vijay KumarChatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, VictoriaChen, Angela WChen, An-TianChen, Catherine SChen, HaoweiChen, Nathalie MCheng, Esther T WChimed-Ochir, OdgerelChimoriya, RiteshChing, Patrick RCho, William C SChoi, SungchulChong, BryanChong, Yuen YuChoudhari, Sonali GajananChowdhury, RajivChristensen, Steffan Wittrup McPheeChu, Dinh-ToiChukwu, Isaac SundayChung, EricChung, EuniceChutiyami, MuhammadClaassens, Mareli MCogen, Rebecca MColumbus, AlyssaConde, JoaoCortesi, Paolo AngeloCousin, EwertonCriqui, Michael HCruz-Martins, NatáliaDadras, OmidDai, SiyuDai, XiaochenDai, ZhaoliDalaba, Maxwell AyindenabaDamiani, GiovanniDas, Jai KDas, SaswatiDashti, MohsenDávila-Cervantes, Claudio AlbertoDavletov, KairatDe Leo, DiegoDebele, Aklilu TamireDebopadhaya, ShayomDeCleene, Nicole KDeeba, FarahDegenhardt, LouisaDel Bo', CristianDelgado-Enciso, IvanDemetriades, Andreas KDenova-Gutiérrez, EdgarDervenis, NikolaosDesai, Hardik DineshbhaiDesai, RupakDeuba, KeshabDhama, KuldeepDharmaratne, Samath DhammindaDhingra, SameerDias da Silva, DianaDiaz, DanielDiaz, Luis AntonioDiaz, Michael JDima, AdrianaDing, Delaney DDirac, M AshworthDo, Thao Huynh Phuongdo Prado, Camila BruneliDohare, SushilDominguez, Regina-Mae VillanuevaDong, WanyueDongarwar, DeepaD'Oria, MarioDorsey, E RayDoshmangir, LeilaDowou, Robert KokouDriscoll, Tim RobertDsouza, Haneil LarsonDsouza, ViolaDube, JohnDumith, Samuel CDuncan, Bruce BDuraes, Andre RodriguesDuraisamy, SenbagamDurojaiye, Oyewole ChristopherDzianach, Paulina AgnieszkaDziedzic, Arkadiusz MarianEboreime, EjemaiEbrahimi, AlirezaEdinur, Hisham AtanEdvardsson, DavidEikemo, Terje AndreasEini, EbrahimEkholuenetale, MichaelEkundayo, Temitope CyrusEl Sayed, ImanEl Tantawi, MahaElbarazi, IffatElemam, Noha MousaadElGohary, Ghada Metwally TawfikElhadi, MuhammedElmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek AbdouELNahas, GihanElshaer, MohammedElsohaby, IbrahimEngelbert Bain, LuchuoErkhembayar, RyenchindorjEshrati, BabakEstep, KaraFabin, NataliaFagbamigbe, Adeniyi FrancisFalzone, LucaFareed, MohammadFarinha, Carla Sofia e SáFaris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat MahmoudFaro, AndreFarrokhi, PegahFatehizadeh, AliFauk, Nelsensius KlauFeigin, Valery LFeng, XiaoqiFereshtehnejad, Seyed-MohammadFeroze, Abdullah HamidFerreira, NunoFerreira, Paulo HFischer, FlorianFlavel, JoanneFlood, DavidFlor, Luisa SFoigt, Nataliya AFolayan, Morenike OluwatoyinForce, Lisa MFortuna, DanielaFoschi, MatteoFranklin, Richard CharlesFreitas, AlbertoFukumoto, TakeshiFurtado, João MGaal, Peter AndrasGadanya, Muktar AGaidhane, Abhay MotiramjiGaihre, SantoshGalali, YaseenGanbat, MandukhaiGandhi, Aravind PGanesan, BalasankarGanie, Mohd AshrafGaniyani, Mohammad ArfatGardner, William MGebi, Tilaye GebruGebregergis, Miglas WGebrehiwot, MesfinGebremariam, Tesfay B BGebremeskel, Teferi GebruGela, Yibeltal YismawGeorgescu, Simona RoxanaGetachew Obsa, AberaGething, Peter WGetie, MollaGhadiri, KeyghobadGhadirian, FatanehGhailan, Khalid YaserGhajar, AlirezaGhasemi, MohammadRezaGhasempour Dabaghi, GhazalGhasemzadeh, AfsanehGhazy, Ramy MohamedGholamrezanezhad, AliGhorbani, MahsaGhotbi, ElenaGibson, Ruth MargaretGill, Tiffany KGinindza, Themba GGirmay, AlemGlasbey, James CGöbölös, LaszloGodinho, Myron AnthonyGoharinezhad, SalimeGoldust, MohamadGolechha, MahaveerGoleij, PouyaGona, Philimon NGorini, GiuseppeGoulart, Alessandra CGrada, AymanGrivna, MichalGuan, Shi-YangGuarducci, GiovanniGubari, Mohammed Ibrahim MohialdeenGudeta, Mesay DechasaGuha, AvirupGuicciardi, StefanoGulati, SnigdhaGulisashvili, DavidGunawardane, Damitha AsangaGuo, CuiGupta, Anish KumarGupta, BhawnaGupta, IshitaGupta, MohakGupta, RajeevGupta, Veer BalaGupta, Vijai KumarGupta, Vivek KumarGutiérrez, Reyna AlmaHabibzadeh, FarrokhHabibzadeh, ParhamHaddadi, RasoolHadi, Najah RHaep, NilsHafezi-Nejad, NimaHafiz, AbdulHagins, HaileyHalboub, Esam SHalimi, AramHaller, SebastianHalwani, RabihHamilton, Erin BHankey, Graeme JHannan, Md AbdulHaque, Md NuruzzamanHarapan, HarapanHaro, Josep MariaHartvigsen, JanHasaballah, Ahmed IHasan, IkramulHasanian, MohammadHasnain, Md SaquibHassan, AmrHaubold, JohannesHavmoeller, Rasmus JHay, Simon IHayat, KhezarHebert, Jeffrey JHegazi, Omar EHeidari, GolnazHelfer, BartoszHemmati, MehdiHendrie, DeliaHenson, Claire AHezam, KamalHiraike, YutaHoan, Nguyen QuocHolla, RameshHon, JuliaHossain, Md MahbubHosseinzadeh, HassanHosseinzadeh, MehdiHostiuc, MihaelaHostiuc, SorinHsu, Johnathan MHuang, JunjieHugo, Fernando NHushmandi, KiavashHussain, JavidHussein, Nawfal RHuynh, Chantal KHuynh, Hong-HanHwang, Bing-FangIannucci, Vincent CIhler, Audrey LIkiroma, Adalia IIkuta, Kevin SIlesanmi, Olayinka StephenIlic, Irena MIlic, Milena DImam, Mohammad TariqueImmurana, MustaphaIrham, Lalu MuhammadIslam, Md RabiulIslam, Sheikh Mohammed SharifulIslami, FarhadIsmail, FaisalIsmail, Nahlah ElkudssiahIsola, GaetanoIwagami, MasaoIwu, Chidozie C DIyer, MahalaxmiJaafari, JalilJacobsen, Kathryn HJadidi-Niaragh, FarhadJafarinia, MortezaJaggi, KhushleenJahankhani, KasraJahanmehr, NaderJahrami, HaithamJain, AkhilJain, NityanandJairoun, Ammar AbdulrahmanJaiswal, AbhishekJakovljevic, MihajloJatau, Abubakar IbrahimJavadov, SabzaliJavaheri, TaherehJayapal, Sathish KumarJayaram, ShubhaJee, Sun HaJeganathan, JayakumarJeyakumar, AngelineJha, Anil KJiang, HengJin, YinziJonas, Jost BJoo, TamasJoseph, AbelJoseph, NitinJoshua, Charity EhimwenmaJozwiak, Jacek JerzyJürisson, MikkK, VaishaliKaambwa, BillingsleyKabir, AliKabir, ZubairKadashetti, VidyaKalani, RizwanKalankesh, Leila RKaliyadan, FerozeKalra, SanjayKamenov, KaloyanKamyari, NaserKanagasabai, ThanigaivelanKandel, HimalKanmanthareddy, Arun RKanmodi, Kehinde KazeemKantar, Rami SKaraye, Ibraheem MKarim, AsimaKarimi, Salah EddinKarimi, YeganehKasraei, HengamehKassel, Molly BKauppila, Joonas HKawakami, NoritoKayode, Gbenga AKazemi, FoadKazemian, SinaKeikavoosi-Arani, LeilaKeller, CathleenKempen, John HKerr, Jessica AKeshtkar, KamyabKesse-Guyot, EmmanuelleKeykhaei, MohammadKhajuria, HimanshuKhalaji, AmirmohammadKhalid, AsaadKhalid, NaumanKhalilian, AlirezaKhamesipour, FahamKhan, AsaduzzamanKhan, IkramullahKhan, MaseerKhan, Moien ABKhanmohammadi, ShaghayeghKhatab, KhaledKhatami, FatemehKhatatbeh, Moawiah MohammadKhater, Amir MKhayat Kashani, Hamid RezaKhidri, Feriha FatimaKhodadoust, ElahehKhormali, MoeinKhorrami, ZahraKifle, Zemene DemelashKim, Min SeoKimokoti, Ruth WKisa, AdnanKisa, SezerKnudsen, Ann Kristin SkrindoKocarnik, Jonathan MKochhar, SonaliKoh, Hyun YongKolahi, Ali-AsgharKompani, FarzadKoren, GerbrandKorzh, OleksiiKosen, SoewartaKoulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura LakshmiKrishan, KewalKrishna, VarunKrishnamoorthy, VijayKuate Defo, BarthelemyKuddus, Md AbdulKuddus, MohammedKuitunen, IlariKulkarni, VishnutheerthaKumar, ManasiKumar, NithinKumar, RakeshKurmi, Om PKusuma, DianKyu, Hmwe HmweLa Vecchia, CarloLacey, BenLadan, Muhammad AwwalLaflamme, LucieLafranconi, AlessandraLahariya, ChandrakantLai, Daphne Teck ChingLal, Dharmesh KumarLalloo, RatilalLallukka, TeaLám, JuditLan, QingLan, TuoLandires, IvánLanfranchi, FrancescoLangguth, BertholdLaplante-Lévesque, ArianeLarijani, BagherLarsson, Anders OLasrado, SavitaLauriola, PaoloLe, Huu-HoaiLe, Long Khanh DaoLe, Nhi Huu HanhLe, Trang Diep ThanhLeasher, Janet LLedda, CaterinaLee, MunjaeLee, Paul HLee, Sang-woongLee, Seung WonLee, Wei-ChenLee, Yo HanLeGrand, Kate ELenzi, JacopoLeong, ElvynnaLeung, JanniLi, Ming-ChiehLi, WeiLi, XiaopanLi, YichongLi, YongzeLim, Lee-LingLim, Stephen SLindstrom, MeganLinn, ShaiLiu, GangLiu, RunbenLiu, ShiweiLiu, WeiLiu, XiaofengLiu, XuefengLlanaj, ErandLo, Chun-HanLópez-Bueno, RubénLoreche, Arianna MaeverLorenzovici, LászlóLozano, RafaelLubinda, JailosLucchetti, GiancarloLunevicius, RaimundasLusk, Jay Blv, hengliangMa, Zheng FeeiMachairas, NikolaosMadureira-Carvalho, Áurea MMagaña Gómez, Javier AMaghazachi, Azzam AMaharjan, PreetiMahasha, Phetole WalterMaheri, MinaMahjoub, SoleimanMahmoud, Mansour AdamMahmoudi, ElhamMajeed, AzeemMakris, Konstantinos ChristosMalakan Rad, ElahehMalhotra, KashishMalik, Ahmad AzamMalik, IramMalta, Deborah CarvalhoManla, YosefMansour, AliMansouri, PejmanMansournia, Mohammad AliMantilla Herrera, Ana MMantovani, Lorenzo GiovanniManu, EmmanuelMarateb, Hamid RezaMardi, ParhamMartinez, GabrielMartinez-Piedra, RamonMartini, DanielaMartins-Melo, Francisco RogerlândioMartorell, MiquelMarx, WolfgangMaryam, SharmeenMarzo, Roy RilleraMathangasinghe, YasithMathieson, StephanieMathioudakis, Alexander GMattumpuram, JishanthMaugeri, AndreaMayeli, MahsaMazidi, MohsenMazzotti, AntonioMcGrath, John JMcKee, MartinMcKowen, Anna Laura WMcPhail, Michael AMehrabani-Zeinabad, KamranMehrabi Nasab, EntezarMekene Meto, TesfahunMendoza, WalterMenezes, Ritesh GMensah, George AMentis, Alexios-Fotios AMeo, Sultan AyoubMeresa, Haftu AsmeromMeretoja, AtteMeretoja, Tuomo JMersha, Abera MMestrovic, TomislavMettananda, Kukulege Chamila DinushiMettananda, SachithMichalek, Irmina MariaMiller, Paul AnthonyMiller, Ted RMills, Edward JMinh, Le Huu NhatMirijello, AntonioMirrakhimov, Erkin MMirutse, Mizan KirosMirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, MohammadMirzaei, MaryamMirzaei, RoyaMisganaw, AwokeMishra, Ajay KumarMitchell, Philip BMittal, ChaitanyaMoazen, BabakMoberg, Madeline EMohamed, JamaMohamed, Mouhand F HMohamed, Nouh SaadMohammadi, EsmaeilMohammadi, SoheilMohammed, HussenMohammed, SalahuddinMohammed, ShafiuMohr, Robin MMokdad, Ali HMolinaro, SabrinaMomtazmanesh, SaraMonasta, LorenzoMondello, StefaniaMoodi Ghalibaf, AmirAliMoradi, MaryamMoradi, YousefMoradi-Lakeh, MaziarMoraga, PaulaMorawska, LidiaMoreira, Rafael SilveiraMorovatdar, NegarMorrison, Shane DouglasMorze, JakubMosapour, AbbasMosser, Jonathan FMossialos, EliasMotappa, RohithMougin, VincentMouodi, SiminMrejen, MatíasMsherghi, AhmedMubarik, SumairaMueller, Ulrich OttoMulita, FranceskMunjal, KavitaMurillo-Zamora, EfrénMurlimanju, BVMustafa, GhulamMuthu, SathishMuzaffar, MuhammadMyung, WoojaeNagarajan, Ahamarshan JayaramanNaghavi, PirouzNaik, Ganesh RNainu, FirzanNair, SanjeevNajmuldeen, Hastyar Hama RashidNangia, VinayNaqvi, Atta AbbasNarayana, Aparna IchalangodNargus, ShumailaNascimento, Gustavo GNashwan, Abdulqadir JNasrollahizadeh, AliNasrollahizadeh, AmirNatto, Zuhair SNayak, Biswa PrakashNayak, Vinod CNduaguba, Sabina OnyinyeNegash, HadushNegoi, IonutNegoi, Ruxandra IrinaNejadghaderi, Seyed AriaNesbit, Olivia DNetsere, Henok BiresawNg, MarieNguefack-Tsague, GeorgesNgunjiri, Josephine WNguyen, Dang HNguyen, Hien QuangNiazi, Robina KhanNikolouzakis, Taxiarchis KonstantinosNikoobar, AliNikoomanesh, FatemehNikpoor, Amin RezaNnaji, Chukwudi ANnyanzi, Lawrence AchillesNoman, Efaq AliNomura, ShuheiNorrving, BoNri-Ezedi, Chisom AdaobiNtaios, GeorgeNtsekhe, MpikoNurrika, DietaNzoputam, Chimezie IgwegbeNzoputam, Ogochukwu JanetOancea, BogdanOdetokun, Ismail AO'Donnell, Martin JamesOguntade, Ayodipupo SikiruOguta, James OdhiamboOkati-Aliabad, HassanOkeke, Sylvester ReubenOkekunle, Akinkunmi PaulOkonji, Osaretin ChristabelOlagunju, Andrew TOlasupo, Omotola OOlatubi, Matthew IdowuOliveira, Gláucia Maria MoraesOlufadewa, Isaac IyinoluwaOlusanya, Bolajoko OlubukunolaOlusanya, Jacob OlusegunOmar, Hany AOmer, Goran LatifOmonisi, Abidemi E EmmanuelOnie, SandersanOnwujekwe, Obinna EOrdak, MichalOrish, Verner NOrtega-Altamirano, Doris VOrtiz, AlbertoOrtiz-Brizuela, EdgarOsman, Wael M SOstroff, Samuel MOsuagwu, Uchechukwu LeviOtoiu, AdrianOtstavnov, NikitaOtstavnov, Stanislav SOuyahia, AmelOuyang, GuoqingOwolabi, Mayowa OP A, Mahesh PadukudruPadron-Monedero, AliciaPadubidri, Jagadish RaoPalicz, TamásPalladino, ClaudiaPan, FengPandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu RPangaribuan, Helena UllyarthaPanos, Georgios DPanos, Leonidas DPantea Stoian, Anca MihaelaPardhan, ShahinaParikh, Romil RPashaei, AvaPasovic, MajaPassera, RobertoPatel, JayPatel, Sangram KishorPatil, ShankargoudaPatoulias, DimitriosPatthipati, Venkata SureshPawar, ShrikantPazoki Toroudi, HamidrezaPease, Spencer APeden, Amy EPedersini, PaoloPeng, MinjinPensato, UmbertoPepito, Veincent Christian FilipinoPeprah, Emmanuel KPeprah, PrincePerdigão, JoãoPereira, Maria OdetePerianayagam, ArokiasamyPerico, NorbertoPesudovs, KonradPetermann-Rocha, Fanny EmilyPetri, William APham, Hoang TranPhilip, Anil KPhillips, Michael RPigeolet, ManonPigott, David MPillay, Julian DavidPiracha, Zahra ZahidPirouzpanah, SaeedPlass, DietrichPlotnikov, EvgeniiPoddighe, DimitriPolinder, SuzannePostma, Maarten JPourtaheri, NaeimehPrada, Sergio IPradhan, Pranil Man SinghPrakash, VPrasad, ManyaPrates, Elton Junio SadyPriscilla, TinaPritchett, NataliePuri, PoojaPuvvula, JagadeeshQasim, Nameer HashimQattea, IbrahimQazi, Asma SaleemQian, GangzhenRabiee Rad, MehrdadRadhakrishnan, Raghu AnekalRadhakrishnan, VenkatramanRaeisi Shahraki, HadiRafferty, QuinnRaggi, AlbertoRaghav, Pankaja RaghavRahim, Md JillurRahman, Md MosfequrRahman, Mohammad Hifz UrRahman, MosiurRahman, Muhammad AzizRahmani, ShayanRahmanian, MohammadRahmawaty, SetyaningrumRajaa, SathishRamadan, Mahmoud MohammedRamasamy, Shakthi KumaranRamasubramani, PremkumarRamazanu, SheenaRana, KritikaRanabhat, Chhabi LalRancic, NemanjaRane, AmeyRao, Chythra RRao, KumudaRao, MithunRao, Sowmya JRashidi, Mohammad-MahdiRathnaiah Babu, GiridharaRauniyar, Santosh KumarRawaf, David LaithRawaf, SalmanRazo, ChristianReddy, Murali Mohan Rama KrishnaRedwan, Elrashdy Moustafa MohamedReifels, LennartReiner Jr, Robert CRemuzzi, GiuseppeRenzaho, Andre M NReshmi, BhageerathyReyes, Luis FelipeRezaei, NazilaRezaei, NegarRezaei, NimaRezaei Hachesu, PeymanRezaeian, MohsenRickard, JenniferRodrigues, Célia FortunaRodriguez, Jefferson Antonio BuendiaRoever, LeonardoRonfani, LucaRoshandel, GholamrezaRotimi, KunleRout, Himanshu SekharRoy, BedantaRoy, NitaiRoy, PriyankaRubagotti, EnricoS N, ChandanSaad, Aly M ASaber-Ayad, Maha MohamedSabour, SiamakSacco, SimonaSachdev, Perminder SSaddik, BasemaSaddler, AdamSadee, Bashdar AbuzedSadeghi, ErfanSadeghi, MasoumehSaeb, Mohammad RezaSaeed, UmarSafi, Sher ZamanSagar, RajeshSagoe, DominicSaif, ZahraSajid, Mirza RizwanSakshaug, Joseph WSalam, NasirSalami, Afeez AbolarinwaSalaroli, Luciane BSaleh, Mohamed ASalem, Marwa RashadSalem, Mohammed Z YSallam, MalikSamadzadeh, SaraSamargandy, SaadSamodra, Yoseph LeonardoSamy, Abdallah MSanabria, JuanSanna, FrancescaSantos, Itamar SSantric-Milicevic, Milena MSarasmita, Made ArySarikhani, YaserSarmiento-Suárez, RodrigoSarode, Gargi SachinSarode, Sachin CSarveazad, ArashSathian, BrijeshSathyanarayan, AnudeepSatpathy, MaheswarSawhney, MonikaScarmeas, NikolaosSchaarschmidt, Benedikt MichaelSchmidt, Maria InêsSchneider, Ione Jayce CeolaSchumacher, Austin ESchwebel, David CSchwendicke, FalkSedighi, MansourSenapati, SabyasachiSenthilkumaran, SubramanianSepanlou, Sadaf GSethi, YashendraSetoguchi, SokoSeylani, AllenShadid, JamilehShafie, MahanShah, HumairaShah, Nilay SShah, Pritik AShahbandi, AtaollahShahid, SamiahShahid, WajeehahShahwan, Moyad JamalShaikh, Masood AliShakeri, AlirezaShalash, Ali SSham, SunderShamim, Muhammad AaqibShamshirgaran, Mohammad AliShamsi, Mohammad AnasShanawaz, MohdShankar, AbhishekShannawaz, MohammedSharath, MedhaSharifan, AminSharifi-Rad, JavadSharma, ManojSharma, RajeshSharma, SaurabSharma, UjjawalSharma, VishalShastry, Rajesh PShavandi, AminShayan, Amir MehdiShayan, MaryamShehabeldine, Amr Mohamed ElsayedShetty, Pavanchand HShibuya, KenjiShifa, Jemal EbrahimShiferaw, DesalegnShiferaw, Wondimeneh ShibabawShigematsu, MikaShiri, RahmanShitaye, Nebiyu AnileyShittu, AminuShivakumar, K MShivarov, VelizarShokati Eshkiki, ZahraShool, SinaShrestha, SunilShuval, KeremSibhat, Migbar MekonnenSiddig, Emmanuel EdwarSigfusdottir, Inga DoraSilva, Diego Augusto SantosSilva, João PedroSilva, Luís Manuel Lopes RodriguesSilva, SoraiaSimpson, Colin RSingal, AnjaliSingh, AbhinavSingh, Balbir BagichaSingh, HarmanjitSingh, Jasvinder ASingh, MahendraSingh, ParamdeepSkou, Søren TSleet, David ASlepak, Erica Leigh NSolanki, RanjanSoliman, Sameh S MSong, SuhangSong, YimengSorensen, Reed J DSoriano, Joan BSoyiri, Ireneous NSpartalis, MichaelSreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar TStark, Benjamin AStarodubova, Antonina VStein, CarolineStein, Dan JSteiner, CaitlynSteiner, Timothy JSteinmetz, Jaimie DSteiropoulos, PaschalisStockfelt, LeoStokes, Mark ASubedi, Narayan SubediSubramaniyan, VetriselvanSuemoto, Claudia KimieSuleman, MuhammadSuliankatchi Abdulkader, RizwanSultana, AbidaSundström, JohanSwain, Chandan KumarSzarpak, LukaszTabaee Damavandi, PayamTabarés-Seisdedos, RafaelTabatabaei Malazy, OzraTabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-AmirTabatabai, ShimaTabche, CelineTabish, MohammadTadakamadla, Santosh KumarTaheri Abkenar, YasamanTaheri Soodejani, MoslemTaherkhani, AmirTaiba, JabeenTalaat, Iman MTalukder, AshisTampa, MirceaTamuzi, Jacques LukenzeTan, Ker-KanTandukar, SarmilaTang, HaosuTavakoli Oliaee, RaziehTavangar, Seyed MohammadTeimoori, MojtabaTemsah, Mohamad-HaniTeramoto, MasayukiThangaraju, PugazhenthanThankappan, Kavumpurathu RamanThapar, RekhaThayakaran, RasiahThirunavukkarasu, SathishThomas, NihalThomas, Nikhil KennyThum, Chern Choong ChernTichopad, AlesTicoalu, Jansje Henny VeraTillawi, TalaTiruye, Tenaw YimerTobe-Gai, RuoyanTonelli, MarcelloTopor-Madry, RomanTorre, Anna ETouvier, MathildeTovani-Palone, Marcos RobertoTran, Jasmine TTran, Mai Thi NgocTran, Nghia MinhTran, Ngoc-HaTrico, DomenicoTromans, Samuel JosephTruyen, Thien Tan Tri TaiTsatsakis, AristidisTsegay, Guesh MebrahtomTsermpini, Evangelia EiriniTumurkhuu, MunkhtuyaTyrovolas, StefanosUdoh, AritUmair, MuhammadUmakanthan, SrikanthUmar, Tungki PratamaUndurraga, Eduardo AUnim, BrigidUnnikrishnan, BhaskaranUnsworth, Carolyn AnneUpadhyay, EraUrso, DanieleUsman, Jibrin SammaniVahabi, Seyed MohammadVaithinathan, Asokan GovindarajVan den Eynde, JefVarga, OrsolyaVarma, Ravi PrasadVart, PriyaVasankari, Tommi JuhaniVasic, MilenaVaziri, SiavashVellingiri, BalachandarVenketasubramanian, NarayanaswamyVeroux, MassimilianoVerras, Georgios-IoannisVervoort, DominiqueVillafañe, Jorge HugoViolante, Francesco SVlassov, VasilyVollset, Stein EmilVolovat, Simona RuxandraVongpradith, AvinaWaheed, YasirWang, CongWang, FangWang, NingWang, ShuWang, YanzhongWang, Yuan-PangWard, PaulWassie, Emebet GashawWeaver, Marcia RWeerakoon, Kosala GayanWeintraub, Robert GWeiss, Daniel JWeldemariam, Abrha HailayWells, Katherine MWen, Yi FengWhisnant, Joanna LWhiteford, Harvey AWiangkham, TaweewatWickramasinghe, Dakshitha PraneethWickramasinghe, Nuwan DarshanaWilandika, AnggaWilkerson, CarolineWilleit, PeterWimo, AndersWoldegebreal, Demewoz HWolf, Axel WalterWong, Yen JunWoolf, Anthony DWu, ChenkaiWu, FeliciaWu, XinshengWu, ZenghongWulf Hanson, SarahXia, YanjieXiao, HongXu, XiaoyueXu, Yvonne YiruYadav, LalitYadollahpour, AliYaghoubi, SajadYamagishi, KazumasaYang, LinYano, YuichiroYao, YaoYaribeygi, HabibYazdanpanah, Mohammad HoseinYe, PengpengYehualashet, Sisay ShewasinadYesuf, Subah AbderehimYezli, SaberYiğit, ArzuYiğit, VahitYigzaw, Zeamanuel AntenehYismaw, YazachewYon, Dong KeonYonemoto, NaohiroYounis, Mustafa ZYu, ChuanhuaYu, YongYusuf, HadizaZahid, Mondal HasanZakham, FathiahZaki, LeilaZaki, NazarZaman, Burhan AbdullahZamora, NelsonZand, RaminZandieh, Ghazal G ZZar, Heather JZarrintan, ArminZastrozhin, Mikhail SergeevichZhang, HaijunZhang, NingZhang, YunquanZhao, HanqingZhong, ChenwenZhong, PanliangZhou, JuexiaoZhu, ZhaohuaZiafati, MakanZielińska, MagdalenaZimsen, Stephanie R MZoladl, MohammadZumla, AlimuddinZyoud, Samer HVos, TheoMurray, Christopher J LGlobal incidenceprevalenceyears lived with disability (YLDs)disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs)healthy life expectancy (HALE)Background Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researchers, policy makers, and other professionals to implement strategies that can mitigate diseases. It can also facilitate more rigorous monitoring of progress towards national and international health targets, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. For three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has filled that need. A global network of collaborators contributed to the production of GBD 2021 by providing, reviewing, and analysing all available data. GBD estimates are updated routinely with additional data and refined analytical methods. GBD 2021 presents, for the first time, estimates of health loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsThe GBD 2021 disease and injury burden analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries using 100 983 data sources. Data were extracted from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, censuses, household surveys, disease-specific registries, health service contact data, and other sources. YLDs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific prevalence of sequelae by their respective disability weights, for each disease and injury. YLLs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific deaths by the standard life expectancy at the age that death occurred. DALYs were calculated by summing YLDs and YLLs. HALE estimates were produced using YLDs per capita and age-specific mortality rates by location, age, sex, year, and cause. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for all final estimates as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles values of 500 draws. Uncertainty was propagated at each step of the estimation process. Counts and age-standardised rates were calculated globally, for seven super-regions, 21 regions, 204 countries and territories (including 21 countries with subnational locations), and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. Here we report data for 2010 to 2021 to highlight trends in disease burden over the past decade and through the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. FindingsGlobal DALYs increased from 2·63 billion (95% UI 2·44–2·85) in 2010 to 2·88 billion (2·64–3·15) in 2021 for all causes combined. Much of this increase in the number of DALYs was due to population growth and ageing, as indicated by a decrease in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates of 14·2% (95% UI 10·7–17·3) between 2010 and 2019. Notably, however, this decrease in rates reversed during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, with increases in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates since 2019 of 4·1% (1·8–6·3) in 2020 and 7·2% (4·7–10·0) in 2021. In 2021, COVID-19 was the leading cause of DALYs globally (212·0 million [198·0–234·5] DALYs), followed by ischaemic heart disease (188·3 million [176·7–198·3]), neonatal disorders (186·3 million [162·3–214·9]), and stroke (160·4 million [148·0–171·7]). However, notable health gains were seen among other leading communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases. Globally between 2010 and 2021, the age-standardised DALY rates for HIV/AIDS decreased by 47·8% (43·3–51·7) and for diarrhoeal diseases decreased by 47·0% (39·9–52·9). Non-communicable diseases contributed 1·73 billion (95% UI 1·54–1·94) DALYs in 2021, with a decrease in age-standardised DALY rates since 2010 of 6·4% (95% UI 3·5–9·5). Between 2010 and 2021, among the 25 leading Level 3 causes, age-standardised DALY rates increased most substantially for anxiety disorders (16·7% [14·0–19·8]), depressive disorders (16·4% [11·9–21·3]), and diabetes (14·0% [10·0–17·4]). Age-standardised DALY rates due to injuries decreased globally by 24·0% (20·7–27·2) between 2010 and 2021, although improvements were not uniform across locations, ages, and sexes. Globally, HALE at birth improved slightly, from 61·3 years (58·6–63·6) in 2010 to 62·2 years (59·4–64·7) in 2021. However, despite this overall increase, HALE decreased by 2·2% (1·6–2·9) between 2019 and 2021. InterpretationPutting the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of causes of health loss is crucial to understanding its impact and ensuring that health funding and policy address needs at both local and global levels through cost-effective and evidence-based interventions. A global epidemiological transition remains underway. Our findings suggest that prioritising non-communicable disease prevention and treatment policies, as well as strengthening health systems, continues to be crucially important. The progress on reducing the burden of CMNN diseases must not stall; although global trends are improving, the burden of CMNN diseases remains unacceptably high. Evidence-based interventions will help save the lives of young children and mothers and improve the overall health and economic conditions of societies across the world. Governments and multilateral organisations should prioritise pandemic preparedness planning alongside efforts to reduce the burden of diseases and injuries that will strain resources in the coming decades. FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Elsevier2024-04-22T06:27:58Z2024-04-17Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00757-801406736https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673624007578http://hdl.handle.net/10576/54026enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/540262024-08-22T10:38:02Z |
| spellingShingle | Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 Alize J, Ferrari Global incidence prevalence years lived with disability (YLDs) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) healthy life expectancy (HALE) |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_full | Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_fullStr | Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_short | Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_sort | Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| topic | Global incidence prevalence years lived with disability (YLDs) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) healthy life expectancy (HALE) |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00757-8 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673624007578 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/54026 |