Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of oral conditions from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
BackgroundThe WHO Global Oral Health Action Plan has set an overarching global target of achieving a 10% reduction in the prevalence of oral conditions by 2030. Robust and up-to-date information on the global burden of oral conditions is paramount to monitor progress towards this target. The aim of...
محفوظ في:
| المؤلف الرئيسي: | |
|---|---|
| مؤلفون آخرون: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| التنسيق: | article |
| منشور في: |
2025
|
| الموضوعات: | |
| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02811-3 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673624028113 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/63567 |
| الوسوم: |
إضافة وسم
لا توجد وسوم, كن أول من يضع وسما على هذه التسجيلة!
|
| _version_ | 1857415085219119104 |
|---|---|
| author | Eduardo, Bernabe |
| author2 | Marcenes, Wagner Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Afzal, Saira Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji Al-Maweri, Sadeq Alsharif, Ubai Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arora, Amit Asgary, Saeed Ashraf, Tahira Balasubramanian, Madhan Banakar, Morteza Barrow, Amadou Bashiri, Azadeh Belay, Sefealem Assefa Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal Berhie, Alemshet Yirga Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Bijani, Ali Bouaoud, Souad Cao, Yin Chaurasia, Akhilanand Chen, Meng Xuan Chu, Dinh-Toi Cruz-Martins, Natalia Dadras, Omid Dai, Xiaochen Diaz, Daniel Du, Mi Ekholuenetale, Michael Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus El Tantawi, Maha Elhadi, Muhammed Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis Farshidfar, Nima Fatehizadeh, Ali Fischer, Florian Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Gaewkhiew, Piyada Gajdács, Márió Golechha, Mahaveer Gupta, Bhawna Gupta, Sapna Hagins, Hailey Halboub, Esam S Hamidi, Samer Hariyani, Ninuk Hay, Simon I Heidari, Mohammad Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba Hostiuc, Sorin Humphrey, Kyle Matthew Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel Ilic, Milena D Isola, Gaetano Kandaswamy, Eswar Kantar, Rami S Kaur, Navjot Kemmer, Laura Khader, Yousef Saleh Khateri, Sorour Kisa, Adnan Krishan, Kewal Kruger, Estie Lalloo, Ratilal Li, An Lim, Stephen S Mestrovic, Tomislav Mokdad, Ali H Moreira, Rafael Silveira Morrison, Shane Douglas Murray, Christopher J L Natto, Zuhair S Nayak, Biswa Prakash Nguyen, Trang Nguyen, Van Thanh Omotayo, Abiodun Olusola Padron-Monedero, Alicia Patel, Jay Patil, Shankargouda Pawar, Shrikant Petcu, Ionela-Roxana Qattea, Ibrahim Rahman, Mosiur Ratan, Zubair Ahmed Riad, Abanoub S, Manjula S N, Chandan Sabour, Siamak Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Sahebkar, Amirhossein Sakshaug, Joseph W Samy, Abdallah M Sarode, Sachin C Sawhney, Monika Schwendicke, Falk Shaikh, Masood Ali Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar Tesler, Riki Thiyagarajan, Arulmani Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Umair, Muhammad Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel Varma, Siddhartha Alluri Vukovic, Ana Petar Wang, Cong Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Yadav, Lalit Yiğit, Arzu Zare, Iman Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Kassebaum, Nicholas J |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Eduardo, Bernabe Marcenes, Wagner Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Afzal, Saira Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji Al-Maweri, Sadeq Alsharif, Ubai Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arora, Amit Asgary, Saeed Ashraf, Tahira Balasubramanian, Madhan Banakar, Morteza Barrow, Amadou Bashiri, Azadeh Belay, Sefealem Assefa Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal Berhie, Alemshet Yirga Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Bijani, Ali Bouaoud, Souad Cao, Yin Chaurasia, Akhilanand Chen, Meng Xuan Chu, Dinh-Toi Cruz-Martins, Natalia Dadras, Omid Dai, Xiaochen Diaz, Daniel Du, Mi Ekholuenetale, Michael Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus El Tantawi, Maha Elhadi, Muhammed Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis Farshidfar, Nima Fatehizadeh, Ali Fischer, Florian Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Gaewkhiew, Piyada Gajdács, Márió Golechha, Mahaveer Gupta, Bhawna Gupta, Sapna Hagins, Hailey Halboub, Esam S Hamidi, Samer Hariyani, Ninuk Hay, Simon I Heidari, Mohammad Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba Hostiuc, Sorin Humphrey, Kyle Matthew Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel Ilic, Milena D Isola, Gaetano Kandaswamy, Eswar Kantar, Rami S Kaur, Navjot Kemmer, Laura Khader, Yousef Saleh Khateri, Sorour Kisa, Adnan Krishan, Kewal Kruger, Estie Lalloo, Ratilal Li, An Lim, Stephen S Mestrovic, Tomislav Mokdad, Ali H Moreira, Rafael Silveira Morrison, Shane Douglas Murray, Christopher J L Natto, Zuhair S Nayak, Biswa Prakash Nguyen, Trang Nguyen, Van Thanh Omotayo, Abiodun Olusola Padron-Monedero, Alicia Patel, Jay Patil, Shankargouda Pawar, Shrikant Petcu, Ionela-Roxana Qattea, Ibrahim Rahman, Mosiur Ratan, Zubair Ahmed Riad, Abanoub S, Manjula S N, Chandan Sabour, Siamak Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Sahebkar, Amirhossein Sakshaug, Joseph W Samy, Abdallah M Sarode, Sachin C Sawhney, Monika Schwendicke, Falk Shaikh, Masood Ali Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar Tesler, Riki Thiyagarajan, Arulmani Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Umair, Muhammad Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel Varma, Siddhartha Alluri Vukovic, Ana Petar Wang, Cong Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Yadav, Lalit Yiğit, Arzu Zare, Iman Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Kassebaum, Nicholas J |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Eduardo, Bernabe Marcenes, Wagner Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Afzal, Saira Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji Al-Maweri, Sadeq Alsharif, Ubai Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arora, Amit Asgary, Saeed Ashraf, Tahira Balasubramanian, Madhan Banakar, Morteza Barrow, Amadou Bashiri, Azadeh Belay, Sefealem Assefa Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal Berhie, Alemshet Yirga Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Bijani, Ali Bouaoud, Souad Cao, Yin Chaurasia, Akhilanand Chen, Meng Xuan Chu, Dinh-Toi Cruz-Martins, Natalia Dadras, Omid Dai, Xiaochen Diaz, Daniel Du, Mi Ekholuenetale, Michael Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus El Tantawi, Maha Elhadi, Muhammed Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis Farshidfar, Nima Fatehizadeh, Ali Fischer, Florian Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Gaewkhiew, Piyada Gajdács, Márió Golechha, Mahaveer Gupta, Bhawna Gupta, Sapna Hagins, Hailey Halboub, Esam S Hamidi, Samer Hariyani, Ninuk Hay, Simon I Heidari, Mohammad Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba Hostiuc, Sorin Humphrey, Kyle Matthew Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel Ilic, Milena D Isola, Gaetano Kandaswamy, Eswar Kantar, Rami S Kaur, Navjot Kemmer, Laura Khader, Yousef Saleh Khateri, Sorour Kisa, Adnan Krishan, Kewal Kruger, Estie Lalloo, Ratilal Li, An Lim, Stephen S Mestrovic, Tomislav Mokdad, Ali H Moreira, Rafael Silveira Morrison, Shane Douglas Murray, Christopher J L Natto, Zuhair S Nayak, Biswa Prakash Nguyen, Trang Nguyen, Van Thanh Omotayo, Abiodun Olusola Padron-Monedero, Alicia Patel, Jay Patil, Shankargouda Pawar, Shrikant Petcu, Ionela-Roxana Qattea, Ibrahim Rahman, Mosiur Ratan, Zubair Ahmed Riad, Abanoub S, Manjula S N, Chandan Sabour, Siamak Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Sahebkar, Amirhossein Sakshaug, Joseph W Samy, Abdallah M Sarode, Sachin C Sawhney, Monika Schwendicke, Falk Shaikh, Masood Ali Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar Tesler, Riki Thiyagarajan, Arulmani Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Umair, Muhammad Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel Varma, Siddhartha Alluri Vukovic, Ana Petar Wang, Cong Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Yadav, Lalit Yiğit, Arzu Zare, Iman Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Kassebaum, Nicholas J |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-03-11T06:42:03Z 2025-02-27 |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02811-3 01406736 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673624028113 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/63567 1474-547X |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | en |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Elsevier |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Oral Health Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Prevalence Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) Untreated Caries |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of oral conditions from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| description | BackgroundThe WHO Global Oral Health Action Plan has set an overarching global target of achieving a 10% reduction in the prevalence of oral conditions by 2030. Robust and up-to-date information on the global burden of oral conditions is paramount to monitor progress towards this target. The aim of this systematic data analysis was to produce global, WHO region, and country-level estimates of the prevalence of, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to, untreated caries, severe periodontitis, edentulism, other oral disorders, lip and oral cavity cancer, and orofacial clefts from 1990 to 2021. MethodsThis report is based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021. Input data were extracted from epidemiological surveys, population-based registries, and vital statistics. Data were modelled with DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, to ensure consistency between prevalence, incidence, remission, and mortality estimates for oral conditions. DALYs were estimated as the aggregation of the years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLDs were calculated by multiplying prevalence estimates, the severity of the oral condition's sequelae (disability weight) and duration of the sequelae. Although all oral conditions lead to YLDs, only lip and oral cavity cancer and orofacial clefts lead to YLLs as well. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric with the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. FindingsThe combined global age-standardised prevalence of the main oral conditions (untreated caries, severe periodontitis, edentulism, and other oral disorders) was 45 900 (95% UI 42 300 to 49 800) per 100 000 population in 2021, with 3·69 billion (3·40 to 4·00) people affected globally. Untreated dental caries of permanent teeth and severe periodontitis were the most common oral conditions, with a global age-standardised prevalence of 27 500 (24 000 to 32 000) per 100 000 population and 12 500 (10 500 to 14 500) per 100 000 population, respectively. Edentulism, severe periodontitis, and lip and oral cavity cancer caused the highest burden as demonstrated by their counts of DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates. Existing trends for 1990–2021 reveal relatively small changes (upward or downward) in prevalence and burden. Increasing counts of prevalent cases and DALYs were noted for all oral conditions but untreated caries of deciduous teeth (no percentage change in prevalence or DALYs) and orofacial clefts (–68·3% [–79·3 to –46·5] decrease in DALYs). There were decreases in both age-standardised prevalence and DALY rate for untreated caries of permanent teeth and edentulism, no change in both for untreated caries of deciduous teeth and severe periodontitis, an increase in the prevalence but no change in the DALY rate for lip and oral cavity cancer, and no change in the prevalence but a decrease in the DALY rate for orofacial clefts. By WHO region, the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions showed the largest increases in prevalent cases and DALYs for most oral conditions, while the European region showed the smallest increases or no change. The European region was the only region with decreasing age-standardised prevalence of untreated caries in both deciduous (–9·88%; –12·6 to –6·71) and permanent teeth (–5·94% (–8·38 to –3·62). The prevalence and DALY rate of severe periodontitis decreased in the African region, while the prevalence and DALY rate of edentulism decreased in the African region, South-East Asia region, and Western Pacific region. Furthermore, DALY rates of lip and oral cavity cancer decreased in the European region and the region of the Americas, while DALY rates of orofacial clefts decreased in all regions. InterpretationThe minor changes in the burden of oral conditions over the past 30 years demonstrate that past and current efforts to control oral conditions have not been successful and that different approaches are needed. Many countries now face the double challenge of controlling the occurrence of new cases of oral conditions and addressing the huge unmet need for oral health care. FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | qu_8bfc2ce70cb4129f2c44d93484e4d965 |
| identifier_str_mv | 01406736 1474-547X |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en |
| network_acronym_str | qu |
| network_name_str | Qatar University repository |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/63567 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Elsevier |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| spelling | Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of oral conditions from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021Eduardo, BernabeMarcenes, WagnerAbdulkader, Rizwan SuliankatchiAbreu, Lucas GuimarãesAfzal, SairaAlhalaiqa, Fadwa NajiAl-Maweri, SadeqAlsharif, UbaiAnyasodor, Anayochukwu EdwardArora, AmitAsgary, SaeedAshraf, TahiraBalasubramanian, MadhanBanakar, MortezaBarrow, AmadouBashiri, AzadehBelay, Sefealem AssefaBelgaumi, Uzma IqbalBerhie, Alemshet YirgaBhardwaj, PankajBhaskar, SonuBijani, AliBouaoud, SouadCao, YinChaurasia, AkhilanandChen, Meng XuanChu, Dinh-ToiCruz-Martins, NataliaDadras, OmidDai, XiaochenDiaz, DanielDu, MiEkholuenetale, MichaelEkundayo, Temitope CyrusEl Tantawi, MahaElhadi, MuhammedFagbamigbe, Adeniyi FrancisFarshidfar, NimaFatehizadeh, AliFischer, FlorianFolayan, Morenike OluwatoyinGaewkhiew, PiyadaGajdács, MárióGolechha, MahaveerGupta, BhawnaGupta, SapnaHagins, HaileyHalboub, Esam SHamidi, SamerHariyani, NinukHay, Simon IHeidari, MohammadHerrera-Serna, Brenda YulianaHeyi, Demisu ZenbabaHostiuc, SorinHumphrey, Kyle MatthewIbitoye, Segun EmmanuelIlic, Milena DIsola, GaetanoKandaswamy, EswarKantar, Rami SKaur, NavjotKemmer, LauraKhader, Yousef SalehKhateri, SorourKisa, AdnanKrishan, KewalKruger, EstieLalloo, RatilalLi, AnLim, Stephen SMestrovic, TomislavMokdad, Ali HMoreira, Rafael SilveiraMorrison, Shane DouglasMurray, Christopher J LNatto, Zuhair SNayak, Biswa PrakashNguyen, TrangNguyen, Van ThanhOmotayo, Abiodun OlusolaPadron-Monedero, AliciaPatel, JayPatil, ShankargoudaPawar, ShrikantPetcu, Ionela-RoxanaQattea, IbrahimRahman, MosiurRatan, Zubair AhmedRiad, AbanoubS, ManjulaS N, ChandanSabour, SiamakSaheb Sharif-Askari, FatemehSahebkar, AmirhosseinSakshaug, Joseph WSamy, Abdallah MSarode, Sachin CSawhney, MonikaSchwendicke, FalkShaikh, Masood AliTadakamadla, Santosh KumarTesler, RikiThiyagarajan, ArulmaniTovani-Palone, Marcos RobertoUmair, MuhammadUnnikrishnan, BhaskaranValadan Tahbaz, SahelVarma, Siddhartha AlluriVukovic, Ana PetarWang, CongWickramasinghe, Nuwan DarshanaYadav, LalitYiğit, ArzuZare, ImanZhang, Zhi-JiangKassebaum, Nicholas JOral HealthGlobal Burden of Disease (GBD)PrevalenceDisability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)Untreated CariesBackgroundThe WHO Global Oral Health Action Plan has set an overarching global target of achieving a 10% reduction in the prevalence of oral conditions by 2030. Robust and up-to-date information on the global burden of oral conditions is paramount to monitor progress towards this target. The aim of this systematic data analysis was to produce global, WHO region, and country-level estimates of the prevalence of, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to, untreated caries, severe periodontitis, edentulism, other oral disorders, lip and oral cavity cancer, and orofacial clefts from 1990 to 2021. MethodsThis report is based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021. Input data were extracted from epidemiological surveys, population-based registries, and vital statistics. Data were modelled with DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, to ensure consistency between prevalence, incidence, remission, and mortality estimates for oral conditions. DALYs were estimated as the aggregation of the years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLDs were calculated by multiplying prevalence estimates, the severity of the oral condition's sequelae (disability weight) and duration of the sequelae. Although all oral conditions lead to YLDs, only lip and oral cavity cancer and orofacial clefts lead to YLLs as well. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric with the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. FindingsThe combined global age-standardised prevalence of the main oral conditions (untreated caries, severe periodontitis, edentulism, and other oral disorders) was 45 900 (95% UI 42 300 to 49 800) per 100 000 population in 2021, with 3·69 billion (3·40 to 4·00) people affected globally. Untreated dental caries of permanent teeth and severe periodontitis were the most common oral conditions, with a global age-standardised prevalence of 27 500 (24 000 to 32 000) per 100 000 population and 12 500 (10 500 to 14 500) per 100 000 population, respectively. Edentulism, severe periodontitis, and lip and oral cavity cancer caused the highest burden as demonstrated by their counts of DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates. Existing trends for 1990–2021 reveal relatively small changes (upward or downward) in prevalence and burden. Increasing counts of prevalent cases and DALYs were noted for all oral conditions but untreated caries of deciduous teeth (no percentage change in prevalence or DALYs) and orofacial clefts (–68·3% [–79·3 to –46·5] decrease in DALYs). There were decreases in both age-standardised prevalence and DALY rate for untreated caries of permanent teeth and edentulism, no change in both for untreated caries of deciduous teeth and severe periodontitis, an increase in the prevalence but no change in the DALY rate for lip and oral cavity cancer, and no change in the prevalence but a decrease in the DALY rate for orofacial clefts. By WHO region, the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions showed the largest increases in prevalent cases and DALYs for most oral conditions, while the European region showed the smallest increases or no change. The European region was the only region with decreasing age-standardised prevalence of untreated caries in both deciduous (–9·88%; –12·6 to –6·71) and permanent teeth (–5·94% (–8·38 to –3·62). The prevalence and DALY rate of severe periodontitis decreased in the African region, while the prevalence and DALY rate of edentulism decreased in the African region, South-East Asia region, and Western Pacific region. Furthermore, DALY rates of lip and oral cavity cancer decreased in the European region and the region of the Americas, while DALY rates of orofacial clefts decreased in all regions. InterpretationThe minor changes in the burden of oral conditions over the past 30 years demonstrate that past and current efforts to control oral conditions have not been successful and that different approaches are needed. Many countries now face the double challenge of controlling the occurrence of new cases of oral conditions and addressing the huge unmet need for oral health care. FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Elsevier2025-03-11T06:42:03Z2025-02-27Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02811-301406736https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673624028113http://hdl.handle.net/10576/635671474-547Xenhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/635672025-03-11T19:05:42Z |
| spellingShingle | Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of oral conditions from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 Eduardo, Bernabe Oral Health Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Prevalence Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) Untreated Caries |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of oral conditions from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_full | Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of oral conditions from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_fullStr | Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of oral conditions from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of oral conditions from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_short | Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of oral conditions from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_sort | Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of oral conditions from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| topic | Oral Health Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Prevalence Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) Untreated Caries |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02811-3 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673624028113 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/63567 |