Population immunity of natural infection, primary-series vaccination, and booster vaccination in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study
BackgroundWaning of natural infection protection and vaccine protection highlight the need to evaluate changes in population immunity over time. Population immunity of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection or of COVID-19 vaccination are defined, respectively, as the overall protection against reinfection or...
محفوظ في:
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| مؤلفون آخرون: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| التنسيق: | article |
| منشور في: |
2023
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| الموضوعات: | |
| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102102 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537023002791 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/47963 |
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| _version_ | 1857415085802127360 |
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| author | Suelen H., Qassim |
| author2 | Chemaitelly, Hiam Ayoub, Houssein H. Coyle, Peter Tang, Patrick Yassine, Hadi M. Al Thani, Asmaa A. Al-Khatib, Hebah A. Hasan, Mohammad R. Al-Kanaani, Zaina Al-Kuwari, Einas Jeremijenko, Andrew Kaleeckal, Anvar Hassan Latif, Ali Nizar Shaik, Riyazuddin Mohammad Abdul-Rahim, Hanan F. Nasrallah, Gheyath K. Al-Kuwari, Mohamed Ghaith Butt, Adeel A. Al-Romaihi, Hamad Eid Al-Thani, Mohamed H. Al-Khal, Abdullatif Bertollini, Roberto Abu-Raddad, Laith J. |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Suelen H., Qassim Chemaitelly, Hiam Ayoub, Houssein H. Coyle, Peter Tang, Patrick Yassine, Hadi M. Al Thani, Asmaa A. Al-Khatib, Hebah A. Hasan, Mohammad R. Al-Kanaani, Zaina Al-Kuwari, Einas Jeremijenko, Andrew Kaleeckal, Anvar Hassan Latif, Ali Nizar Shaik, Riyazuddin Mohammad Abdul-Rahim, Hanan F. Nasrallah, Gheyath K. Al-Kuwari, Mohamed Ghaith Butt, Adeel A. Al-Romaihi, Hamad Eid Al-Thani, Mohamed H. Al-Khal, Abdullatif Bertollini, Roberto Abu-Raddad, Laith J. |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Suelen H., Qassim Chemaitelly, Hiam Ayoub, Houssein H. Coyle, Peter Tang, Patrick Yassine, Hadi M. Al Thani, Asmaa A. Al-Khatib, Hebah A. Hasan, Mohammad R. Al-Kanaani, Zaina Al-Kuwari, Einas Jeremijenko, Andrew Kaleeckal, Anvar Hassan Latif, Ali Nizar Shaik, Riyazuddin Mohammad Abdul-Rahim, Hanan F. Nasrallah, Gheyath K. Al-Kuwari, Mohamed Ghaith Butt, Adeel A. Al-Romaihi, Hamad Eid Al-Thani, Mohamed H. Al-Khal, Abdullatif Bertollini, Roberto Abu-Raddad, Laith J. |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2023-09-26T06:05:58Z 2023-08-31 |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102102 25895370 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537023002791 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/47963 62 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | en |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Elsevier |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | COVID-19 Immunity Natural infection Vaccine Test-negative Epidemiology |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Population immunity of natural infection, primary-series vaccination, and booster vaccination in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| description | BackgroundWaning of natural infection protection and vaccine protection highlight the need to evaluate changes in population immunity over time. Population immunity of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection or of COVID-19 vaccination are defined, respectively, as the overall protection against reinfection or against breakthrough infection at a given point in time in a given population. MethodsWe estimated these population immunities in Qatar's population between July 1, 2020 and November 30, 2022, to discern generic features of the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2. Effectiveness of previous infection, mRNA primary-series vaccination, and mRNA booster (third-dose) vaccination in preventing infection were estimated, month by month, using matched, test-negative, case–control studies. FindingsPrevious-infection effectiveness against reinfection was strong before emergence of Omicron, but declined with time after a wave and rebounded after a new wave. Effectiveness dropped after Omicron emergence from 88.3% (95% CI: 84.8–91.0%) in November 2021 to 51.0% (95% CI: 48.3–53.6%) in December 2021. Primary-series effectiveness against infection was 84.0% (95% CI: 83.0–85.0%) in April 2021, soon after introduction of vaccination, before waning gradually to 52.7% (95% CI: 46.5–58.2%) by November 2021. Effectiveness declined linearly by ∼1 percentage point every 5 days. After Omicron emergence, effectiveness dropped from 52.7% (95% CI: 46.5–58.2%) in November 2021 to negligible levels in December 2021. Booster effectiveness dropped after Omicron emergence from 83.0% (95% CI: 65.6–91.6%) in November 2021 to 32.9% (95% CI: 26.7–38.5%) in December 2021, and continued to decline thereafter. Effectiveness of previous infection and vaccination against severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 were generally >80% throughout the study duration. InterpretationHigh population immunity against infection may not be sustained beyond a year, but population immunity against severe COVID-19 is durable with slow waning even after Omicron emergence. FundingThe Biomedical Research Program and the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and the Biomathematics Research Core, both at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Ministry of Public Health, Hamad Medical Corporation, Sidra Medicine, Qatar Genome Programme, Qatar University Biomedical Research Center, and Qatar University Internal Grant ID QUCG-CAS-23/24-114. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | qu_9acf76f67dfc648ab517c8f443ab8c0d |
| identifier_str_mv | 25895370 62 |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en |
| network_acronym_str | qu |
| network_name_str | Qatar University repository |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/47963 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Elsevier |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| spelling | Population immunity of natural infection, primary-series vaccination, and booster vaccination in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational studySuelen H., QassimChemaitelly, HiamAyoub, Houssein H.Coyle, PeterTang, PatrickYassine, Hadi M.Al Thani, Asmaa A.Al-Khatib, Hebah A.Hasan, Mohammad R.Al-Kanaani, ZainaAl-Kuwari, EinasJeremijenko, AndrewKaleeckal, Anvar HassanLatif, Ali NizarShaik, Riyazuddin MohammadAbdul-Rahim, Hanan F.Nasrallah, Gheyath K.Al-Kuwari, Mohamed GhaithButt, Adeel A.Al-Romaihi, Hamad EidAl-Thani, Mohamed H.Al-Khal, AbdullatifBertollini, RobertoAbu-Raddad, Laith J.COVID-19ImmunityNatural infectionVaccineTest-negativeEpidemiologyBackgroundWaning of natural infection protection and vaccine protection highlight the need to evaluate changes in population immunity over time. Population immunity of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection or of COVID-19 vaccination are defined, respectively, as the overall protection against reinfection or against breakthrough infection at a given point in time in a given population. MethodsWe estimated these population immunities in Qatar's population between July 1, 2020 and November 30, 2022, to discern generic features of the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2. Effectiveness of previous infection, mRNA primary-series vaccination, and mRNA booster (third-dose) vaccination in preventing infection were estimated, month by month, using matched, test-negative, case–control studies. FindingsPrevious-infection effectiveness against reinfection was strong before emergence of Omicron, but declined with time after a wave and rebounded after a new wave. Effectiveness dropped after Omicron emergence from 88.3% (95% CI: 84.8–91.0%) in November 2021 to 51.0% (95% CI: 48.3–53.6%) in December 2021. Primary-series effectiveness against infection was 84.0% (95% CI: 83.0–85.0%) in April 2021, soon after introduction of vaccination, before waning gradually to 52.7% (95% CI: 46.5–58.2%) by November 2021. Effectiveness declined linearly by ∼1 percentage point every 5 days. After Omicron emergence, effectiveness dropped from 52.7% (95% CI: 46.5–58.2%) in November 2021 to negligible levels in December 2021. Booster effectiveness dropped after Omicron emergence from 83.0% (95% CI: 65.6–91.6%) in November 2021 to 32.9% (95% CI: 26.7–38.5%) in December 2021, and continued to decline thereafter. Effectiveness of previous infection and vaccination against severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 were generally >80% throughout the study duration. InterpretationHigh population immunity against infection may not be sustained beyond a year, but population immunity against severe COVID-19 is durable with slow waning even after Omicron emergence. FundingThe Biomedical Research Program and the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and the Biomathematics Research Core, both at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Ministry of Public Health, Hamad Medical Corporation, Sidra Medicine, Qatar Genome Programme, Qatar University Biomedical Research Center, and Qatar University Internal Grant ID QUCG-CAS-23/24-114.Elsevier2023-09-26T06:05:58Z2023-08-31Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.10210225895370https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537023002791http://hdl.handle.net/10576/4796362enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/479632024-07-23T15:51:33Z |
| spellingShingle | Population immunity of natural infection, primary-series vaccination, and booster vaccination in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study Suelen H., Qassim COVID-19 Immunity Natural infection Vaccine Test-negative Epidemiology |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Population immunity of natural infection, primary-series vaccination, and booster vaccination in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study |
| title_full | Population immunity of natural infection, primary-series vaccination, and booster vaccination in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study |
| title_fullStr | Population immunity of natural infection, primary-series vaccination, and booster vaccination in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Population immunity of natural infection, primary-series vaccination, and booster vaccination in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study |
| title_short | Population immunity of natural infection, primary-series vaccination, and booster vaccination in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study |
| title_sort | Population immunity of natural infection, primary-series vaccination, and booster vaccination in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study |
| topic | COVID-19 Immunity Natural infection Vaccine Test-negative Epidemiology |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102102 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537023002791 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/47963 |