3D and 4D printing: A review of virgin polymers used in fused deposition modeling
Recent advancements in additive manufacturing (AM), which includes both three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) printing, have revolutionized manufacturing processes across the board. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most widespread 3D printing technique that enables the use of...
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| Format: | article |
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2024
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| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100472 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666682024000422 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/64321 |
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| _version_ | 1857415086549762048 |
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| author | Makki, Tarig |
| author2 | Vattathurvalappil, Suhail Hyder Theravalappil, Rajesh Nazir, Aamer Alhajeri, Ali Azeem, Mohammed Abdul Mahdi, Elsadig Ummer, Aniz Chennampilly Ali, Usman |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Makki, Tarig Vattathurvalappil, Suhail Hyder Theravalappil, Rajesh Nazir, Aamer Alhajeri, Ali Azeem, Mohammed Abdul Mahdi, Elsadig Ummer, Aniz Chennampilly Ali, Usman |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Makki, Tarig Vattathurvalappil, Suhail Hyder Theravalappil, Rajesh Nazir, Aamer Alhajeri, Ali Azeem, Mohammed Abdul Mahdi, Elsadig Ummer, Aniz Chennampilly Ali, Usman |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2024-07-31 2025-04-20T07:47:58Z |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100472 26666820 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666682024000422 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/64321 14 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | en |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Elsevier |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | 3D printing 4D printing Fused deposition modeling (FDM) Mechanical properties Microstructural properties Failure modes |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | 3D and 4D printing: A review of virgin polymers used in fused deposition modeling |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| description | Recent advancements in additive manufacturing (AM), which includes both three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) printing, have revolutionized manufacturing processes across the board. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most widespread 3D printing technique that enables the use of a wide range of virgin polymers and polymer-based composites to meet the demand for high-performance, intelligent, and self-assembling structures. Although polymer-based composites offer a variety of multifunctional properties, it is essential to comprehend the mechanical and microstructural properties of parts printed with virgin polymers to analyze and design the additives and reinforcements required to achieve the optimal desired functionalities. Overall, this review focuses on the adoption and applications of virgin FDM polymers and highlights different virgin polymers and equipment used in 3D and 4D printing. A comparative study on the mechanical and microstructural properties of various FDM polymers is also performed. In addition, this work also covers the state-of-the-art approaches and practices used for 4D printing of polymer-based systems and future directions for this field. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | qu_9c941171118a0bf8fc45968dd8fbb7ef |
| identifier_str_mv | 26666820 14 |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en |
| network_acronym_str | qu |
| network_name_str | Qatar University repository |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/64321 |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Elsevier |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| spelling | 3D and 4D printing: A review of virgin polymers used in fused deposition modelingMakki, TarigVattathurvalappil, Suhail HyderTheravalappil, RajeshNazir, AamerAlhajeri, AliAzeem, Mohammed AbdulMahdi, ElsadigUmmer, Aniz ChennampillyAli, Usman3D printing4D printingFused deposition modeling (FDM)Mechanical propertiesMicrostructural propertiesFailure modesRecent advancements in additive manufacturing (AM), which includes both three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) printing, have revolutionized manufacturing processes across the board. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most widespread 3D printing technique that enables the use of a wide range of virgin polymers and polymer-based composites to meet the demand for high-performance, intelligent, and self-assembling structures. Although polymer-based composites offer a variety of multifunctional properties, it is essential to comprehend the mechanical and microstructural properties of parts printed with virgin polymers to analyze and design the additives and reinforcements required to achieve the optimal desired functionalities. Overall, this review focuses on the adoption and applications of virgin FDM polymers and highlights different virgin polymers and equipment used in 3D and 4D printing. A comparative study on the mechanical and microstructural properties of various FDM polymers is also performed. In addition, this work also covers the state-of-the-art approaches and practices used for 4D printing of polymer-based systems and future directions for this field.The authors would like to acknowledge King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals for their financial support in conducting this review. The authors acknowledge the Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, for their financial support under project number INAM2209. In addition, the authors would like to thank King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy (K.A. CARE) for their financial support.Elsevier2025-04-20T07:47:58Z2024-07-31Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.10047226666820https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666682024000422http://hdl.handle.net/10576/6432114enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/643212025-04-20T19:06:36Z |
| spellingShingle | 3D and 4D printing: A review of virgin polymers used in fused deposition modeling Makki, Tarig 3D printing 4D printing Fused deposition modeling (FDM) Mechanical properties Microstructural properties Failure modes |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | 3D and 4D printing: A review of virgin polymers used in fused deposition modeling |
| title_full | 3D and 4D printing: A review of virgin polymers used in fused deposition modeling |
| title_fullStr | 3D and 4D printing: A review of virgin polymers used in fused deposition modeling |
| title_full_unstemmed | 3D and 4D printing: A review of virgin polymers used in fused deposition modeling |
| title_short | 3D and 4D printing: A review of virgin polymers used in fused deposition modeling |
| title_sort | 3D and 4D printing: A review of virgin polymers used in fused deposition modeling |
| topic | 3D printing 4D printing Fused deposition modeling (FDM) Mechanical properties Microstructural properties Failure modes |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100472 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666682024000422 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/64321 |