Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensiv...

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التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Haidong, Wang (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: Abbas, Kaja M (author), Abbasifard, Mitra (author), Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (author), Abbastabar, Hedayat (author), Abd-Allah, Foad (author), Abdelalim, Ahmed (author), Abolhassani, Hassan (author), Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (author), Abrigo, Michael R M (author), Abushouk, Abdelrahman I (author), Adabi, Maryam (author), Adair, Tim (author), Adebayo, Oladimeji M (author), Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi (author), Adekanmbi, Victor (author), Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood (author), Adetokunboh, Olatunji O (author), Advani, Shailesh M (author), Afshin, Ashkan (author), Aghaali, Mohammad (author), Agrawal, Anurag (author), Ahmadi, Keivan (author), Ahmadieh, Hamid (author), Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (author), Al-Aly, Ziyad (author), Alam, Khurshid (author), Alam, Tahiya (author), Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour (author), Alanzi, Turki M (author), Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth (author), Ali, Muhammad (author), Alicandro, Gianfranco (author), Alijanzadeh, Mehran (author), Alinia, Cyrus (author), Alipour, Vahid (author), Alizade, Hesam (author), Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (author), Allebeck, Peter (author), Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad (author), Almasi-Hashiani, Amir (author), Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M (author), Altirkawi, Khalid A (author), Alumran, Arwa Khalid (author), Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (author), Amini-Rarani, Mostafa (author), Aminorroaya, Arya (author), Amit, Arianna Maever L (author), Ancuceanu, Robert (author), Andrei, Catalina Liliana (author), Androudi, Sofia (author), Angus, Colin (author), Anjomshoa, Mina (author), Ansari, Fereshteh (author), Ansari, Iman (author), Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza (author), Antonio, Carl Abelardo T (author), Antony, Catherine M (author), Anvari, Davood (author), Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw (author), Arabloo, Jalal (author), Arab-Zozani, Morteza (author), Aravkin, Aleksandr Y (author), Aremu, Olatunde (author), Ärnlöv, Johan (author), Aryal, Krishna K (author), Asadi-Pooya, Ali A (author), Asgari, Samaneh (author), Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad (author), Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan (author), Ausloos, Marcel (author), Avila-Burgos, Leticia (author), Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur (author), Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina (author), Ayano, Getinet (author), Ayanore, Martin Amogre (author), Azarian, Ghasem (author), Babaee, Ebrahim (author), Badiye, Ashish D (author), Bagli, Eleni (author), Bahrami, Mohammad Amin (author), Bakhtiari, Ahad (author), Balassyano, Shelly (author), Banach, Maciej (author), Banik, Palash Chandra (author), Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn (author), Bärnighausen, Till Winfried (author), Barzegar, Akbar (author), Basu, Sanjay (author), Baune, Bernhard T (author), Bayati, Mohsen (author), Bazmandegan, Gholamreza (author), Bedi, Neeraj (author), Bell, Michellr L (author), Bennett, Derrick A (author), Bensenor, Isabela M (author), Berhe, Kidanemaryam (author), Berman, Adam E (author), Bertolacci, Gregory J (author), Bhageerathy, Reshmi (author), Bhala, Neeraj (author), Bhattacharyya, Krittika (author), 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Christopher R (author), Cerin, Ester (author), Chattu, Vijay Kumar (author), Chin, Ken Lee (author), Chu, Dinh-Toi (author), Ciobanu, Liliana G (author), Cirillo, Massimo (author), Comfort, Haley (author), Costa, Vera Marisa (author), Cowden, Richard G (author), Cromwell, Elizabeth A (author), Croneberger, Andrew J (author), Cunningham, Matthew (author), Dahlawi, Saad M A (author), Damiani, Giovanni (author), D'Amico, Emanuele (author), Dandona, Lalit (author), Dandona, Rakhi (author), Dargan, Paul I (author), Darwesh, Aso Mohammad (author), Daryani, Ahmad (author), Das Gupta, Rajat (author), das Neves, José (author), Davletov, Kairat (author), De Leo, Diego (author), Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar (author), Deribe, Kebede (author), Dervenis, Nikolaos (author), Desai, Rupak (author), Dhungana, Govinda Prasad (author), Dias da Silva, Diana (author), Diaz, Daniel (author), Dippenaar, Ilse N (author), Djalalinia, Shirin (author), Do, Hoa Thi (author), Dokova, Klara (author), Doku, David Teye 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Mohammed, Hussen (author), Mohammed, Shafiu (author), Mohebi, Farnam (author), Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad A (author), Mokari, Amin (author), Mokdad, Ali H (author), Momen, Natalie C (author), Monasta, Lorenzo (author), Mooney, Meghan D (author), Moradi, Ghobad (author), Moradi, Masoud (author), Moradi-Joo, Mohammad (author), Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar (author), Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah (author), Moraga, Paula (author), Moreno Velásquez, Ilais (author), Morgado-da-Costa, Joana (author), Morrison, Shane Douglas (author), Mosser, Jonathan F (author), Mouodi, Simin (author), Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam (author), Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin (author), Mueller, Ulrich Otto (author), Musa, Kamarul Imran (author), Muthupandian, Saravanan (author), Nabavizadeh, Behnam (author), Naderi, Mehdi (author), Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman (author), Naghavi, Mohsen (author), Naghshtabrizi, Behshad (author), Naik, Gurudatta (author), Najafi, Farid (author), Nangia, Vinay (author), Nansseu, Jobert Richie (author), 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التنسيق: article
منشور في: 2020
الموضوعات:
الوصول للمادة أونلاين:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30977-6
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620309776
http://hdl.handle.net/10576/46847
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author Haidong, Wang
author2 Abbas, Kaja M
Abbasifard, Mitra
Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
Abbastabar, Hedayat
Abd-Allah, Foad
Abdelalim, Ahmed
Abolhassani, Hassan
Abreu, Lucas Guimarães
Abrigo, Michael R M
Abushouk, Abdelrahman I
Adabi, Maryam
Adair, Tim
Adebayo, Oladimeji M
Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi
Adekanmbi, Victor
Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood
Adetokunboh, Olatunji O
Advani, Shailesh M
Afshin, Ashkan
Aghaali, Mohammad
Agrawal, Anurag
Ahmadi, Keivan
Ahmadieh, Hamid
Ahmed, Muktar Beshir
Al-Aly, Ziyad
Alam, Khurshid
Alam, Tahiya
Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour
Alanzi, Turki M
Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth
Ali, Muhammad
Alicandro, Gianfranco
Alijanzadeh, Mehran
Alinia, Cyrus
Alipour, Vahid
Alizade, Hesam
Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
Allebeck, Peter
Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad
Almasi-Hashiani, Amir
Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M
Altirkawi, Khalid A
Alumran, Arwa Khalid
Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
Amini-Rarani, Mostafa
Aminorroaya, Arya
Amit, Arianna Maever L
Ancuceanu, Robert
Andrei, Catalina Liliana
Androudi, Sofia
Angus, Colin
Anjomshoa, Mina
Ansari, Fereshteh
Ansari, Iman
Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza
Antonio, Carl Abelardo T
Antony, Catherine M
Anvari, Davood
Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw
Arabloo, Jalal
Arab-Zozani, Morteza
Aravkin, Aleksandr Y
Aremu, Olatunde
Ärnlöv, Johan
Aryal, Krishna K
Asadi-Pooya, Ali A
Asgari, Samaneh
Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad
Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan
Ausloos, Marcel
Avila-Burgos, Leticia
Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur
Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina
Ayano, Getinet
Ayanore, Martin Amogre
Azarian, Ghasem
Babaee, Ebrahim
Badiye, Ashish D
Bagli, Eleni
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Bakhtiari, Ahad
Balassyano, Shelly
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Barzegar, Akbar
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Bhattacharyya, Krittika
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Bijani, Ali
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Bjørge, Tone
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Borzì, Antonio Maria
Borzouei, Shiva
Brady, Oliver J
Braithwaite, Dejana
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Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich
Bumgarner, Blair R
Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath
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Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano
Cai, Tianji
Callender, Charlton SKH
Cámera, Luis LA Alberto
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Cárdenas, Rosario
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Dhungana, Govinda Prasad
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El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I
Emamian, Mohammad Hassan
Eskandarieh, Sharareh
Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz
Estep, Kara
Farahmand, Mohammad
Faraj, Anwar
Fareed, Mohammad
Faridnia, Roghiyeh
Faro, Andre
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Fattahi, Nazir
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Fernandes, Eduarda
Ferreira, Manuela L
Filip, Irina
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Gallus, Silvano
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Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork
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Ghashghaee, Ahmad
Gholamian, Asadollah
Gilani, Syed Amir
Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan
Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna
Gnedovskaya, Elena V
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Goulart, Alessandra C
Gugnani, Harish Chander
Guo, Yuming
Gupta, Rajeev
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Halvaei, Iman
Hamadeh, Randah R
Hamagharib Abdullah, Kanaan
Han, Chieh
Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes
Hankey, Graeme J
Haririan, Hamidreza
Haro, Josep Maria
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Hassanipour, Soheil
Hassankhani, Hadi
Hay, Simon I
Heibati, Behzad
Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza
Henny, Kiana
Henry, Nathaniel J
Herteliu, Claudiu
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Hole, Michael K
Hoogar, Praveen
Hosgood, H Dean
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Hostiuc, Sorin
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Islam, MdMohaimenul
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Jahagirdar, Deepa
Jahanmehr, Nader
Jalali, Amir
Jalilian, Farzad
James, Spencer L
Janjani, Hosna
Jenabi, Ensiyeh
Jha, Ravi Prakash
Jha, Vivekanand
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Jonas, Jost B
Joukar, Farahnaz
Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
Jürisson, Mikk
Kabir, Zubair
Kalani, Hamed
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Kamiab, Zahra
Kanchan, Tanuj
Kapoor, Neeti
Karch, André
Karimi, Salah Eddin
Karimi, Seyed Asaad
Kassebaum, Nicholas J
Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal
Kawakami, Norito
Kayode, Gbenga A
Keiyoro, Peter Njenga
Keller, Cathleen
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Khalid, Nauman
Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
Khan, Maseer
Khang, Young-Ho
Khater, Amir M
Khater, Mona M
Khazaei, Salman
Khazaie, Habibolah
Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi
Khubchandani, Jagdish
Kianipour, Neda
Kim, Cho-il
Kim, Young-Eun
Kim, Yun Jin
Kinfu, Yohannes
Kisa, Adnan
Kisa, Sezer
Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna
Kivimäki, Mika
Komaki, Hamidreza
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Kosen, Soewarta
Koul, Parvaiz A
Koyanagi, Ai
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Krishan, Kewal
Krohn, Kris J
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Kumar, G Anil
Kumar, Manasi
Kumar, Pushpendra
Kumar, Vivek
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Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe
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Lacey, Ben
Lal, Dharmesh Kumar
Lalloo, Ratilal
Lami, Faris Hasan
Lansky, Sonia
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Leever, Andrew T
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Li, Shanshan
Lim, Lee-Ling
Lim, Stephen S
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Lotufo, Paulo A
Lozano, Rafael
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Lunevicius, Raimundas
Madadin, Mohammed
Maddison, Emilie R
Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan
Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed
Mahasha, Phetole Walter
Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi
Malekzadeh, Reza
Mamun, Abdullah A
Manafi, Navid
Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz
Mansouri, Borhan
Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
Mapoma, Chabila Christopher
Martini, Santi
Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio
Masaka, Anthony
Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I
Mathur, Manu Raj
May, Erin A
McAlinden, Colm
McGrath, John J
McKee, Martin
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Mehri, Fereshteh
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Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda
Memiah, Peter T N
Mendoza, Walter
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Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku
Mensah, George A
Meretoja, Atte
Meretoja, Tuomo J
Mestrovic, Tomislav
Michalek, Irmina Maria
Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu
Miller, Ted R
Mills, Edward J
Milne, George J
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Mirzaei, Hamed
Mirzaei, Maryam
Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi
Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen
Moazen, Babak
Moghadaszadeh, Masoud
Mohamadi, Efat
Mohammad, Dara K
Mohammad, Yousef
Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser
Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl
Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah
Mohammadpourhodki, Reza
Mohammed, Hussen
Mohammed, Shafiu
Mohebi, Farnam
Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad A
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Mokdad, Ali H
Momen, Natalie C
Monasta, Lorenzo
Mooney, Meghan D
Moradi, Ghobad
Moradi, Masoud
Moradi-Joo, Mohammad
Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah
Moraga, Paula
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Morgado-da-Costa, Joana
Morrison, Shane Douglas
Mosser, Jonathan F
Mouodi, Simin
Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam
Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin
Mueller, Ulrich Otto
Musa, Kamarul Imran
Muthupandian, Saravanan
Nabavizadeh, Behnam
Naderi, Mehdi
Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman
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Nangia, Vinay
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Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith
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Negoi, Ruxandra Irina
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Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi
Nguyen, Trang Huyen
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Nikbakhsh, Rajan
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Nixon, Molly R
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Nomura, Shuhei
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Nowak, Christoph
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Oladnabi, Morteza
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Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun
Omar Bali, Ahmed
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Otstavnov, Nikita
Otstavnov, Stanislav S
Øverland, Simon
Owolabi, Mayowa O
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Padubidri, Jagadish Rao
Pakshir, Keyvan
Palladino, Raffaele
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Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
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Patel, Jenil R
Patel, Sangram Kishor
Patton, George C
Paulson, Katherine R
Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza
Pease, Spencer A
Peden, Amy E
Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino
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Pereira, Alexandre
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Perico, Norberto
Pigott, David M
Pilgrim, Thomas
Pilz, Tessa M
Piradov, Michael A
Pirsaheb, Meghdad
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Pourmalek, Farshad
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Poznańska, Anna
Prada, Sergio I
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Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin
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Rafiei, Alireza
Raggi, Alberto
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Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal
Rao, Sowmya J
Rasella, Davide
Rashedi, Vahid
Rastogi, Prateek
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Rawal, Lal
Remuzzi, Giuseppe
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Renzaho, Andre M N
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Rezai, Mohammad sadegh
Rezapour, Aziz
Rickard, Jennifer
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Ronfani, Luca
Roshandel, Gholamreza
Rostamian, Morteza
Rubagotti, Enrico
Rwegerera, Godfrey M
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Sadeghi, Masoumeh
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Safari, Yahya
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Sajadi, S Mohammad
Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza
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Salamati, Payman
Salem, Marwa R Rashad
Salimi, Yahya
Salomon, Joshua A
Salz, Inbal
Samad, Zainab
Samy, Abdallah M
Sanabria, Juan
Santric-Milicevic, Milena M
Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer
Sartorius, Benn
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Schaeffer, Lauren E
Schiavolin, Silvia
Schwebel, David C
Schwendicke, Falk
Sekerija, Mario
Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta
Senthilkumaran, Subramanian
Sepanlou, Sadaf G
Serván-Mori, Edson
Shabani, Mahsima
Shahabi, Saeed
Shahbaz, Mohammad
Shaheen, Amira A
Shaikh, Masood Ali
Shalash, Ali S
Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran
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Shamsizadeh, Morteza
Shannawaz, Mohammed
Sharafi, Kiomars
Sharafi, Zeinab
Sharara, Fablina
Sharma, Rajesh
Shaw, David H
Sheikh, Aziz
Shin, Jae Il
Shiri, Rahman
Shrime, Mark G
Shuval, Kerem
Siabani, Soraya
Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora
Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig
Silva, Diego Augusto Santos
Simonetti, Biagio
Simpson, Kyle E
Singh, Jasvinder A
Skiadaresi, Eirini
Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich
Soheili, Amin
Sokhan, Anton
Sorensen, Reed J D
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Sorrie, Muluken Bekele
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Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth
Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T
Stockfelt, Leo
Stokes, Mark A
Stubbs, Jacob L
Sudaryanto, Agus
Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale
Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan
Sykes, Bryan L
Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael
Tabb, Karen M
Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar
Taherkhani, Amir
Tang, Muming
Taveira, Nuno
Taylor, Heather Jean
Teagle, Whitney L
Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash
Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha
Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse
Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman
Thomas, Nihal
Thrift, Amanda G
Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna
Tohidinik, Hamid Reza
Tonelli, Marcello
Topor-Madry, Roman
Topouzis, Fotis
Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto
Traini, Eugenio
Tran, Bach Xuan
Travillian, Ravensara
Trias-Llimós, Sergi
Truelsen, Thomas Clement
Tudor Car, Lorainne
Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran
Upadhyay, Era
Vacante, Marco
Vakilian, Alireza
Valdez, Pascual R
Valli, Alessandro
Vardavas, Constantine
Vasankari, Tommi Juhani
Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales
Vasseghian, Yasser
Veisani, Yousef
Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy
Vidale, Simone
Violante, Francesco S
Vlassov, Vasily
Vollset, Stein Emil
Vos, Theo
Vujcic, Isidora S
Vukovic, Ana
Vukovic, Rade
Waheed, Yasir
Wallin, Mitchell Taylor
Walters, Magdalene K
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Wang, Yuan-Pang
Watson, Stefanie
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Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay
Werdecker, Andrea
Westerman, Ronny
Whiteford, Harvey A
Wiangkham, Taweewat
Wiens, Kirsten E
Wijeratne, Tissa
Wiysonge, Charles Shey
Wojtyniak, Bogdan
Wolfe, Charles D A
Wondmieneh, Adam Belay
Wool, Eve E
Wu, Ai-Min
Wu, Junjie
Xu, Gelin
Yamada, Tomohide
Yamagishi, Kazumasa
Yano, Yuichiro
Yaya, Sanni
Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid
Yearwood, Jamal A
Yeheyis, Tomas Y
Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo
Yip, Paul
Yonemoto, Naohiro
Yoon, Seok-Jun
Yoosefi Lebni, Javad
York, Hunter W
Younis, Mustafa Z
Younker, Theodore Patrick
Yousefi, Zabihollah
Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh
Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf
Yusefzadeh, Hasan
Zahirian Moghadam, Telma
Zakzuk, Josefina
Zaman, Sojib Bin
Zamani, Mohammad
Zamanian, Maryam
Zandian, Hamed
Zhang, Zhi-Jiang
Zheng, Peng
Zhou, Maigeng
Ziapour, Arash
Murray, Christopher J L
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author_facet Haidong, Wang
Abbas, Kaja M
Abbasifard, Mitra
Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
Abbastabar, Hedayat
Abd-Allah, Foad
Abdelalim, Ahmed
Abolhassani, Hassan
Abreu, Lucas Guimarães
Abrigo, Michael R M
Abushouk, Abdelrahman I
Adabi, Maryam
Adair, Tim
Adebayo, Oladimeji M
Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi
Adekanmbi, Victor
Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood
Adetokunboh, Olatunji O
Advani, Shailesh M
Afshin, Ashkan
Aghaali, Mohammad
Agrawal, Anurag
Ahmadi, Keivan
Ahmadieh, Hamid
Ahmed, Muktar Beshir
Al-Aly, Ziyad
Alam, Khurshid
Alam, Tahiya
Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour
Alanzi, Turki M
Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth
Ali, Muhammad
Alicandro, Gianfranco
Alijanzadeh, Mehran
Alinia, Cyrus
Alipour, Vahid
Alizade, Hesam
Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
Allebeck, Peter
Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad
Almasi-Hashiani, Amir
Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M
Altirkawi, Khalid A
Alumran, Arwa Khalid
Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
Amini-Rarani, Mostafa
Aminorroaya, Arya
Amit, Arianna Maever L
Ancuceanu, Robert
Andrei, Catalina Liliana
Androudi, Sofia
Angus, Colin
Anjomshoa, Mina
Ansari, Fereshteh
Ansari, Iman
Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza
Antonio, Carl Abelardo T
Antony, Catherine M
Anvari, Davood
Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw
Arabloo, Jalal
Arab-Zozani, Morteza
Aravkin, Aleksandr Y
Aremu, Olatunde
Ärnlöv, Johan
Aryal, Krishna K
Asadi-Pooya, Ali A
Asgari, Samaneh
Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad
Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan
Ausloos, Marcel
Avila-Burgos, Leticia
Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur
Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina
Ayano, Getinet
Ayanore, Martin Amogre
Azarian, Ghasem
Babaee, Ebrahim
Badiye, Ashish D
Bagli, Eleni
Bahrami, Mohammad Amin
Bakhtiari, Ahad
Balassyano, Shelly
Banach, Maciej
Banik, Palash Chandra
Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn
Bärnighausen, Till Winfried
Barzegar, Akbar
Basu, Sanjay
Baune, Bernhard T
Bayati, Mohsen
Bazmandegan, Gholamreza
Bedi, Neeraj
Bell, Michellr L
Bennett, Derrick A
Bensenor, Isabela M
Berhe, Kidanemaryam
Berman, Adam E
Bertolacci, Gregory J
Bhageerathy, Reshmi
Bhala, Neeraj
Bhattacharyya, Krittika
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A
Bijani, Ali
Biondi, Antonio
Bisanzio, Donal
Bisignano, Catherine
Biswas, Raaj Kishore
Bjørge, Tone
Bohlouli, Somayeh
Bohluli, Mehdi
Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao
Borzì, Antonio Maria
Borzouei, Shiva
Brady, Oliver J
Braithwaite, Dejana
Brauer, Michael
Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich
Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich
Bumgarner, Blair R
Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath
Butt, Zahid A
Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano
Cai, Tianji
Callender, Charlton SKH
Cámera, Luis LA Alberto
Campos-Nonato, Ismael R
Cárdenas, Rosario
Carreras, Giulia
Carrero, Juan J
Carvalho, Felix
Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio
Castelpietra, Giulio
Castro, Franz
Catalá-López, Ferrán
Cederroth, Christopher R
Cerin, Ester
Chattu, Vijay Kumar
Chin, Ken Lee
Chu, Dinh-Toi
Ciobanu, Liliana G
Cirillo, Massimo
Comfort, Haley
Costa, Vera Marisa
Cowden, Richard G
Cromwell, Elizabeth A
Croneberger, Andrew J
Cunningham, Matthew
Dahlawi, Saad M A
Damiani, Giovanni
D'Amico, Emanuele
Dandona, Lalit
Dandona, Rakhi
Dargan, Paul I
Darwesh, Aso Mohammad
Daryani, Ahmad
Das Gupta, Rajat
das Neves, José
Davletov, Kairat
De Leo, Diego
Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar
Deribe, Kebede
Dervenis, Nikolaos
Desai, Rupak
Dhungana, Govinda Prasad
Dias da Silva, Diana
Diaz, Daniel
Dippenaar, Ilse N
Djalalinia, Shirin
Do, Hoa Thi
Dokova, Klara
Doku, David Teye
Dorostkar, Fariba
Doshi, Chirag P
Doshmangir, Leila
Doyle, Kerrie E
Dubljanin, Eleonora
Duraes, Andre Rodrigues
Edvardsson, David
Effiong, Andem
El Sayed, Iman
El Tantawi, Maha
Elbarazi, Iffat
El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I
Emamian, Mohammad Hassan
Eskandarieh, Sharareh
Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz
Estep, Kara
Farahmand, Mohammad
Faraj, Anwar
Fareed, Mohammad
Faridnia, Roghiyeh
Faro, Andre
Farzadfar, Farshad
Fattahi, Nazir
Fazaeli, Ali Akbar
Fazlzadeh, Mehdi
Feigin, Valery L
Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad
Fernandes, Eduarda
Ferreira, Manuela L
Filip, Irina
Fischer, Florian
Flohr, Carsten
Foigt, Nataliya A
Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin
Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich
Freitas, Marisa
Fukumoto, Takeshi
Fuller, John E
Furtado, João M
Gad, Mohamed M
Gakidou, Emmanuela
Gallus, Silvano
Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen
Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork
Gething, Peter W
Ghamari, Farhad
Ghashghaee, Ahmad
Gholamian, Asadollah
Gilani, Syed Amir
Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan
Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna
Gnedovskaya, Elena V
Gopalani, Sameer Vali
Goulart, Alessandra C
Gugnani, Harish Chander
Guo, Yuming
Gupta, Rajeev
Gupta, Subodh Sharan
Haagsma, Juanita A
Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin
Haj-Mirzaian, Arya
Halvaei, Iman
Hamadeh, Randah R
Hamagharib Abdullah, Kanaan
Han, Chieh
Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes
Hankey, Graeme J
Haririan, Hamidreza
Haro, Josep Maria
Hasaballah, Ahmed I
Hassanipour, Soheil
Hassankhani, Hadi
Hay, Simon I
Heibati, Behzad
Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza
Henny, Kiana
Henry, Nathaniel J
Herteliu, Claudiu
Heydarpour, Fatemeh
Hole, Michael K
Hoogar, Praveen
Hosgood, H Dean
Hossain, Naznin
Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi
Hostiuc, Mihaela
Hostiuc, Sorin
Househ, Mowafa
Hoy, Damian G
Hu, Guoqing
Huda, Tanvir M
Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel
Ikuta, Kevin S
Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
Ilic, Irena M
Ilic, Milena D
Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan
Islam, MdMohaimenul
Iso, Hiroyasu
Iwu, Chinwe Juliana
Jaafari, Jalil
Jacobsen, Kathryn H
Jahagirdar, Deepa
Jahanmehr, Nader
Jalali, Amir
Jalilian, Farzad
James, Spencer L
Janjani, Hosna
Jenabi, Ensiyeh
Jha, Ravi Prakash
Jha, Vivekanand
Ji, John S
Jonas, Jost B
Joukar, Farahnaz
Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
Jürisson, Mikk
Kabir, Zubair
Kalani, Hamed
Kalankesh, Leila R
Kamiab, Zahra
Kanchan, Tanuj
Kapoor, Neeti
Karch, André
Karimi, Salah Eddin
Karimi, Seyed Asaad
Kassebaum, Nicholas J
Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal
Kawakami, Norito
Kayode, Gbenga A
Keiyoro, Peter Njenga
Keller, Cathleen
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khalid, Nauman
Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
Khan, Maseer
Khang, Young-Ho
Khater, Amir M
Khater, Mona M
Khazaei, Salman
Khazaie, Habibolah
Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi
Khubchandani, Jagdish
Kianipour, Neda
Kim, Cho-il
Kim, Young-Eun
Kim, Yun Jin
Kinfu, Yohannes
Kisa, Adnan
Kisa, Sezer
Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna
Kivimäki, Mika
Komaki, Hamidreza
Kopec, Jacek A
Kosen, Soewarta
Koul, Parvaiz A
Koyanagi, Ai
Kravchenko, Michael A
Krishan, Kewal
Krohn, Kris J
Kuate Defo, Barthelemy
Kumar, G Anil
Kumar, Manasi
Kumar, Pushpendra
Kumar, Vivek
Kusuma, Dian
Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe
La Vecchia, Carlo
Lacey, Ben
Lal, Dharmesh Kumar
Lalloo, Ratilal
Lami, Faris Hasan
Lansky, Sonia
Larson, Samantha Leigh
Larsson, Anders O
Lasrado, Savita
Lassi, Zohra S
Lazarus, Jeffrey V
Lee, Paul H
Lee, Shaun Wen Huey
Leever, Andrew T
LeGrand, Kate E
Leonardi, Matilde
Li, Shanshan
Lim, Lee-Ling
Lim, Stephen S
Linn, Shai
Lodha, Rakesh
Logroscino, Giancarlo
Lopez, Alan D
Lopukhov, Platon D
Lotufo, Paulo A
Lozano, Rafael
Lu, Alton
Lunevicius, Raimundas
Madadin, Mohammed
Maddison, Emilie R
Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan
Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed
Mahasha, Phetole Walter
Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi
Malekzadeh, Reza
Mamun, Abdullah A
Manafi, Navid
Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz
Mansouri, Borhan
Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
Mapoma, Chabila Christopher
Martini, Santi
Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio
Masaka, Anthony
Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I
Mathur, Manu Raj
May, Erin A
McAlinden, Colm
McGrath, John J
McKee, Martin
Mehndiratta, Man Mohan
Mehri, Fereshteh
Mehta, Kala M
Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda
Memiah, Peter T N
Mendoza, Walter
Menezes, Ritesh G
Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku
Mensah, George A
Meretoja, Atte
Meretoja, Tuomo J
Mestrovic, Tomislav
Michalek, Irmina Maria
Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu
Miller, Ted R
Mills, Edward J
Milne, George J
Mirrakhimov, Erkin M
Mirzaei, Hamed
Mirzaei, Maryam
Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi
Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen
Moazen, Babak
Moghadaszadeh, Masoud
Mohamadi, Efat
Mohammad, Dara K
Mohammad, Yousef
Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser
Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl
Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah
Mohammadpourhodki, Reza
Mohammed, Hussen
Mohammed, Shafiu
Mohebi, Farnam
Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad A
Mokari, Amin
Mokdad, Ali H
Momen, Natalie C
Monasta, Lorenzo
Mooney, Meghan D
Moradi, Ghobad
Moradi, Masoud
Moradi-Joo, Mohammad
Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah
Moraga, Paula
Moreno Velásquez, Ilais
Morgado-da-Costa, Joana
Morrison, Shane Douglas
Mosser, Jonathan F
Mouodi, Simin
Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam
Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin
Mueller, Ulrich Otto
Musa, Kamarul Imran
Muthupandian, Saravanan
Nabavizadeh, Behnam
Naderi, Mehdi
Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman
Naghavi, Mohsen
Naghshtabrizi, Behshad
Naik, Gurudatta
Najafi, Farid
Nangia, Vinay
Nansseu, Jobert Richie
Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith
Negoi, Ionut
Negoi, Ruxandra Irina
Ngunjiri, Josephine W
Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi
Nguyen, Trang Huyen
Nigatu, Yeshambel T
Nikbakhsh, Rajan
Nikpoor, Amin Reza
Nixon, Molly R
Nnaji, Chukwudi A
Nomura, Shuhei
Noubiap, Jean Jacques
Nouraei Motlagh, Soraya
Nowak, Christoph
Oţoiu, Adrian
Odell, Christopher M
Oh, In-Hwan
Oladnabi, Morteza
Olagunju, Andrew T
Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola
Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun
Omar Bali, Ahmed
Ong, Kanyin L
Onwujekwe, Obinna E
Ortiz, Alberto
Otstavnov, Nikita
Otstavnov, Stanislav S
Øverland, Simon
Owolabi, Mayowa O
P A, Mahesh
Padubidri, Jagadish Rao
Pakshir, Keyvan
Palladino, Raffaele
Pana, Adrian
Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
Park, James
Pasupula, Deepak Kumar
Patel, Jenil R
Patel, Sangram Kishor
Patton, George C
Paulson, Katherine R
Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza
Pease, Spencer A
Peden, Amy E
Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino
Peprah, Emmanuel K
Pereira, Alexandre
Pereira, David M
Perico, Norberto
Pigott, David M
Pilgrim, Thomas
Pilz, Tessa M
Piradov, Michael A
Pirsaheb, Meghdad
Pokhrel, Khem Narayan
Postma, Maarten J
Pourjafar, Hadi
Pourmalek, Farshad
Pourshams, Akram
Poznańska, Anna
Prada, Sergio I
Prakash, Sanjay
Preotescu, Liliana
Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin
Rabiee, Mohammad
Rabiee, Navid
Radfar, Amir
Rafiei, Alireza
Raggi, Alberto
Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali
Ram, Pradhum
Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal
Rao, Sowmya J
Rasella, Davide
Rashedi, Vahid
Rastogi, Prateek
Rathi, Priya
Rawal, Lal
Remuzzi, Giuseppe
Renjith, Vishnu
Renzaho, Andre M N
Resnikoff, Serge
Rezaei, Nima
Rezai, Mohammad sadegh
Rezapour, Aziz
Rickard, Jennifer
Roever, Leonardo
Ronfani, Luca
Roshandel, Gholamreza
Rostamian, Morteza
Rubagotti, Enrico
Rwegerera, Godfrey M
Sabour, Siamak
Saddik, Basema
Sadeghi, Ehsan
Sadeghi, Masoumeh
Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar
Safari, Yahya
Safi, Sare
Safiri, Saeid
Sagar, Rajesh
Sahebkar, Amirhossein
Sahraian, Mohammad Ali
Sajadi, S Mohammad
Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza
Salama, Joseph S
Salamati, Payman
Salem, Marwa R Rashad
Salimi, Yahya
Salomon, Joshua A
Salz, Inbal
Samad, Zainab
Samy, Abdallah M
Sanabria, Juan
Santric-Milicevic, Milena M
Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer
Sartorius, Benn
Sarveazad, Arash
Sathian, Brijesh
Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu
Sattin, Davide
Saylan, Mete
Schaeffer, Lauren E
Schiavolin, Silvia
Schwebel, David C
Schwendicke, Falk
Sekerija, Mario
Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta
Senthilkumaran, Subramanian
Sepanlou, Sadaf G
Serván-Mori, Edson
Shabani, Mahsima
Shahabi, Saeed
Shahbaz, Mohammad
Shaheen, Amira A
Shaikh, Masood Ali
Shalash, Ali S
Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran
Shamsi, MohammadBagher
Shamsizadeh, Morteza
Shannawaz, Mohammed
Sharafi, Kiomars
Sharafi, Zeinab
Sharara, Fablina
Sharma, Rajesh
Shaw, David H
Sheikh, Aziz
Shin, Jae Il
Shiri, Rahman
Shrime, Mark G
Shuval, Kerem
Siabani, Soraya
Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora
Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig
Silva, Diego Augusto Santos
Simonetti, Biagio
Simpson, Kyle E
Singh, Jasvinder A
Skiadaresi, Eirini
Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich
Soheili, Amin
Sokhan, Anton
Sorensen, Reed J D
Soriano, Joan B
Sorrie, Muluken Bekele
Soyiri, Ireneous N
Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth
Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T
Stockfelt, Leo
Stokes, Mark A
Stubbs, Jacob L
Sudaryanto, Agus
Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale
Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan
Sykes, Bryan L
Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael
Tabb, Karen M
Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar
Taherkhani, Amir
Tang, Muming
Taveira, Nuno
Taylor, Heather Jean
Teagle, Whitney L
Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash
Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha
Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse
Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman
Thomas, Nihal
Thrift, Amanda G
Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna
Tohidinik, Hamid Reza
Tonelli, Marcello
Topor-Madry, Roman
Topouzis, Fotis
Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto
Traini, Eugenio
Tran, Bach Xuan
Travillian, Ravensara
Trias-Llimós, Sergi
Truelsen, Thomas Clement
Tudor Car, Lorainne
Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran
Upadhyay, Era
Vacante, Marco
Vakilian, Alireza
Valdez, Pascual R
Valli, Alessandro
Vardavas, Constantine
Vasankari, Tommi Juhani
Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales
Vasseghian, Yasser
Veisani, Yousef
Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy
Vidale, Simone
Violante, Francesco S
Vlassov, Vasily
Vollset, Stein Emil
Vos, Theo
Vujcic, Isidora S
Vukovic, Ana
Vukovic, Rade
Waheed, Yasir
Wallin, Mitchell Taylor
Walters, Magdalene K
Wang, Hongbo
Wang, Yuan-Pang
Watson, Stefanie
Wei, Jingkai
Weiss, Jordan
Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay
Werdecker, Andrea
Westerman, Ronny
Whiteford, Harvey A
Wiangkham, Taweewat
Wiens, Kirsten E
Wijeratne, Tissa
Wiysonge, Charles Shey
Wojtyniak, Bogdan
Wolfe, Charles D A
Wondmieneh, Adam Belay
Wool, Eve E
Wu, Ai-Min
Wu, Junjie
Xu, Gelin
Yamada, Tomohide
Yamagishi, Kazumasa
Yano, Yuichiro
Yaya, Sanni
Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid
Yearwood, Jamal A
Yeheyis, Tomas Y
Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo
Yip, Paul
Yonemoto, Naohiro
Yoon, Seok-Jun
Yoosefi Lebni, Javad
York, Hunter W
Younis, Mustafa Z
Younker, Theodore Patrick
Yousefi, Zabihollah
Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh
Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf
Yusefzadeh, Hasan
Zahirian Moghadam, Telma
Zakzuk, Josefina
Zaman, Sojib Bin
Zamani, Mohammad
Zamanian, Maryam
Zandian, Hamed
Zhang, Zhi-Jiang
Zheng, Peng
Zhou, Maigeng
Ziapour, Arash
Murray, Christopher J L
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Haidong, Wang
Abbas, Kaja M
Abbasifard, Mitra
Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
Abbastabar, Hedayat
Abd-Allah, Foad
Abdelalim, Ahmed
Abolhassani, Hassan
Abreu, Lucas Guimarães
Abrigo, Michael R M
Abushouk, Abdelrahman I
Adabi, Maryam
Adair, Tim
Adebayo, Oladimeji M
Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi
Adekanmbi, Victor
Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood
Adetokunboh, Olatunji O
Advani, Shailesh M
Afshin, Ashkan
Aghaali, Mohammad
Agrawal, Anurag
Ahmadi, Keivan
Ahmadieh, Hamid
Ahmed, Muktar Beshir
Al-Aly, Ziyad
Alam, Khurshid
Alam, Tahiya
Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour
Alanzi, Turki M
Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth
Ali, Muhammad
Alicandro, Gianfranco
Alijanzadeh, Mehran
Alinia, Cyrus
Alipour, Vahid
Alizade, Hesam
Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
Allebeck, Peter
Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad
Almasi-Hashiani, Amir
Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M
Altirkawi, Khalid A
Alumran, Arwa Khalid
Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
Amini-Rarani, Mostafa
Aminorroaya, Arya
Amit, Arianna Maever L
Ancuceanu, Robert
Andrei, Catalina Liliana
Androudi, Sofia
Angus, Colin
Anjomshoa, Mina
Ansari, Fereshteh
Ansari, Iman
Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza
Antonio, Carl Abelardo T
Antony, Catherine M
Anvari, Davood
Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw
Arabloo, Jalal
Arab-Zozani, Morteza
Aravkin, Aleksandr Y
Aremu, Olatunde
Ärnlöv, Johan
Aryal, Krishna K
Asadi-Pooya, Ali A
Asgari, Samaneh
Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad
Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan
Ausloos, Marcel
Avila-Burgos, Leticia
Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur
Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina
Ayano, Getinet
Ayanore, Martin Amogre
Azarian, Ghasem
Babaee, Ebrahim
Badiye, Ashish D
Bagli, Eleni
Bahrami, Mohammad Amin
Bakhtiari, Ahad
Balassyano, Shelly
Banach, Maciej
Banik, Palash Chandra
Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn
Bärnighausen, Till Winfried
Barzegar, Akbar
Basu, Sanjay
Baune, Bernhard T
Bayati, Mohsen
Bazmandegan, Gholamreza
Bedi, Neeraj
Bell, Michellr L
Bennett, Derrick A
Bensenor, Isabela M
Berhe, Kidanemaryam
Berman, Adam E
Bertolacci, Gregory J
Bhageerathy, Reshmi
Bhala, Neeraj
Bhattacharyya, Krittika
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A
Bijani, Ali
Biondi, Antonio
Bisanzio, Donal
Bisignano, Catherine
Biswas, Raaj Kishore
Bjørge, Tone
Bohlouli, Somayeh
Bohluli, Mehdi
Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao
Borzì, Antonio Maria
Borzouei, Shiva
Brady, Oliver J
Braithwaite, Dejana
Brauer, Michael
Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich
Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich
Bumgarner, Blair R
Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath
Butt, Zahid A
Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano
Cai, Tianji
Callender, Charlton SKH
Cámera, Luis LA Alberto
Campos-Nonato, Ismael R
Cárdenas, Rosario
Carreras, Giulia
Carrero, Juan J
Carvalho, Felix
Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio
Castelpietra, Giulio
Castro, Franz
Catalá-López, Ferrán
Cederroth, Christopher R
Cerin, Ester
Chattu, Vijay Kumar
Chin, Ken Lee
Chu, Dinh-Toi
Ciobanu, Liliana G
Cirillo, Massimo
Comfort, Haley
Costa, Vera Marisa
Cowden, Richard G
Cromwell, Elizabeth A
Croneberger, Andrew J
Cunningham, Matthew
Dahlawi, Saad M A
Damiani, Giovanni
D'Amico, Emanuele
Dandona, Lalit
Dandona, Rakhi
Dargan, Paul I
Darwesh, Aso Mohammad
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Das Gupta, Rajat
das Neves, José
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dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-10-23
2023-08-28T10:30:18Z
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30977-6
01406736
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620309776
http://hdl.handle.net/10576/46847
1160-1203
10258
396
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv en
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Adolescent
Birth Rate
Global age
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
description Background Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. FindingsThe global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66–2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17–2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5–137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0–146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2–144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4–27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8–67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8–74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5–51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7–59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1–10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3–6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0–6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5–8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1–60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8–66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019. InterpretationOver the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring. FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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oai_identifier_str oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/46847
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publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
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spelling Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019Haidong, WangAbbas, Kaja MAbbasifard, MitraAbbasi-Kangevari, MohsenAbbastabar, HedayatAbd-Allah, FoadAbdelalim, AhmedAbolhassani, HassanAbreu, Lucas GuimarãesAbrigo, Michael R MAbushouk, Abdelrahman IAdabi, MaryamAdair, TimAdebayo, Oladimeji MAdedeji, Isaac AkinkunmiAdekanmbi, VictorAdeoye, Abiodun MoshoodAdetokunboh, Olatunji OAdvani, Shailesh MAfshin, AshkanAghaali, MohammadAgrawal, AnuragAhmadi, KeivanAhmadieh, HamidAhmed, Muktar BeshirAl-Aly, ZiyadAlam, KhurshidAlam, TahiyaAlanezi, Fahad MashhourAlanzi, Turki MAlcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline ElizabethAli, MuhammadAlicandro, GianfrancoAlijanzadeh, MehranAlinia, CyrusAlipour, VahidAlizade, HesamAljunid, Syed MohamedAllebeck, PeterAlmadi, Majid Abdulrahman HamadAlmasi-Hashiani, AmirAl-Mekhlafi, Hesham 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BiagioSimpson, Kyle ESingh, Jasvinder ASkiadaresi, EiriniSkryabin, Valentin YurievichSoheili, AminSokhan, AntonSorensen, Reed J DSoriano, Joan BSorrie, Muluken BekeleSoyiri, Ireneous NSpurlock, Emma ElizabethSreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar TStockfelt, LeoStokes, Mark AStubbs, Jacob LSudaryanto, AgusSufiyan, Mu'awiyyah BabaleSuliankatchi Abdulkader, RizwanSykes, Bryan LTabarés-Seisdedos, RafaelTabb, Karen MTadakamadla, Santosh KumarTaherkhani, AmirTang, MumingTaveira, NunoTaylor, Heather JeanTeagle, Whitney LTehrani-Banihashemi, ArashTeklehaimanot, Berhane FsehaTessema, Zemenu TadesseThankappan, Kavumpurathu RamanThomas, NihalThrift, Amanda GTitova, Mariya VladimirovnaTohidinik, Hamid RezaTonelli, MarcelloTopor-Madry, RomanTopouzis, FotisTovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto RobertoTraini, EugenioTran, Bach XuanTravillian, RavensaraTrias-Llimós, SergiTruelsen, Thomas ClementTudor Car, LorainneUnnikrishnan, BhaskaranUpadhyay, EraVacante, MarcoVakilian, AlirezaValdez, Pascual RValli, AlessandroVardavas, ConstantineVasankari, Tommi JuhaniVasconcelos, Ana Maria NogalesVasseghian, YasserVeisani, YousefVenketasubramanian, NarayanaswamyVidale, SimoneViolante, Francesco SVlassov, VasilyVollset, Stein EmilVos, TheoVujcic, Isidora SVukovic, AnaVukovic, RadeWaheed, YasirWallin, Mitchell TaylorWalters, Magdalene KWang, HongboWang, Yuan-PangWatson, StefanieWei, JingkaiWeiss, JordanWeldesamuel, Girmay TeklayWerdecker, AndreaWesterman, RonnyWhiteford, Harvey AWiangkham, TaweewatWiens, Kirsten EWijeratne, TissaWiysonge, Charles SheyWojtyniak, BogdanWolfe, Charles D AWondmieneh, Adam BelayWool, Eve EWu, Ai-MinWu, JunjieXu, GelinYamada, TomohideYamagishi, KazumasaYano, YuichiroYaya, SanniYazdi-Feyzabadi, VahidYearwood, Jamal AYeheyis, Tomas YYilgwan, Christopher SaboYip, PaulYonemoto, NaohiroYoon, Seok-JunYoosefi Lebni, JavadYork, Hunter WYounis, Mustafa ZYounker, Theodore PatrickYousefi, ZabihollahYousefinezhadi, TaranehYousuf, Abdilahi YousufYusefzadeh, HasanZahirian Moghadam, TelmaZakzuk, JosefinaZaman, Sojib BinZamani, MohammadZamanian, MaryamZandian, HamedZhang, Zhi-JiangZheng, PengZhou, MaigengZiapour, ArashMurray, Christopher J LAdolescentBirth RateGlobal ageBackground Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. FindingsThe global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66–2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17–2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5–137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0–146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2–144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4–27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8–67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8–74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5–51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7–59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1–10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3–6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0–6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5–8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1–60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8–66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019. InterpretationOver the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring. FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Research reported in this publication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the University of Melbourne, Public Health England, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health (NIH; award P30AG047845), and the National Institute of Mental Health of the NIH (award R01MH110163). This analysis uses data or information from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) pilot micro data and documentation. The development and release of the LASI pilot study was funded by the National Institute on Aging of the NIH (R21AG032572, R03AG043052, and R01AG030153). The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics granted the researchers access to relevant data in accordance with license number SLN2014-3-170, after subjecting data to processing aiming to preserve the confidentiality of individual data in accordance with the General Statistics Law, 2000. The researchers are solely responsible for the conclusions and inferences drawn upon available data. Data were included from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring survey, conducted by the National Research University Higher School of Economics and ZAO Demoscope together with Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Institute of Sociology, Russia Academy of Sciences. The United States Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study is a supplement to the Health and Retirement Study, which is sponsored by the National Institute of Aging (grant number NIA U01AG009740). It was conducted jointly by Duke University and the University of Michigan. L G Abreu acknowledges support from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brazil; finance code 001) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, a Brazilian funding agency). O Adetokunboh acknowledges the South African Department of Science and Innovation and the National Research Foundation. A Agrawal acknowledges the Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance Senior Fellowship. S Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University and International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. M Ausloos, C Herteliu, and A Pana acknowledge partial support by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. T Bärnighausen acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. D Bennett acknowledges support by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the UK Department of Health and Social Care. J J Carrero was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2019-01059). F Caravlho and E Fernandes acknowledge support from UID/MULTI/04378/2019 and UID/QUI/50006/2019 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. V M Costa acknowledges the grant SFRH/BHD/110001/2015, received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. K Deribe acknowledges support by the Wellcome Trust (201900/Z/16/Z) as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. M Ferreira acknowledges her research fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia. C Flohr acknowledges support by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust. M Freitas acknowledges financial support from the EU (European Regional Development Fund [FEDER] funds through COMPETE POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029248) and National Funds (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) through project PTDC/NAN-MAT/29248/2017. C Herteliu was partially supported by a grant co-funded by FEDER through Operational Competitiveness Program (project ID P_40_382). P Hoogar acknowledges the Bio Cultural Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, and Manipal and Centre for Holistic Development and Research, Kalaghatgi. S V Katikireddi acknowledges funding from a NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12017/13, MC_UU_12017/15), and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU13, SPHSU15). Y J Kim was supported by Research Management Office, Xiamen University Malaysia (XMUMRF/2018-C2/ITCM/0001). K Krishan is supported by the UCG Centre of Advanced Study awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. M Kumar acknowledges the Fogarty International Centre and NIH for the K43 award (K43 TW 010716-03). B Lacey acknowledges support from the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford. J V Lazarus was supported by a Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities Miguel Servet grant (Instituto de Salud Carlos III [ISCIII]/ESF, the EU [CP18/00074]). J McGrath acknowledges support by the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professorship). W Mendoza acknowledges the Population and Development department at the UN Population Fund Country Office in Peru, which does not necessarily endorse this study. George Milne acknowledges support provided by The University of Western Australia. I Moreno Velásquez acknowledges support by the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SENACYT, Panamá). U O Mueller acknowledges funding by the German National Cohort Study (BMBF grant number 01ER1801D). S Nomura acknowledges the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (18K10082). A Ortiz was supported by ISCIII PI19/00815, DTS18/00032, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009 Fondos FEDER, FRIAT, Comunidad de Madrid B2017/BMD-3686 CIFRA2-CM. These funding sources had no role in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit it for publication. G C Patton was supported by a NHMRC fellowship. A Raggi, D Sattin, and S Schiavolin were supported by a grant from the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico C Besta, Linea 4-Outcome Research: dagli Indicatori alle Raccomandazioni Cliniche). A M Samy was supported by a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. D F Santomauro is affiliated with the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, which receives core funding from the Queensland Department of Health. M M Santric-Milicevic acknowledges the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (contract number 175087). A Sheikh was supported by Health Data Research UK. J B Soriano is funded by the Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII. R Tabarés-Seisdedos was supported in part by the national grant PI17/00719 from ISCIII-FEDER. S Tadakamadla was supported by an NHMRC Early Career Fellowship. N Taveira was partially supported by the European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, the EU (LIFE project, reference RIA2016MC-1615). M Tonelli acknowledges the David Freeze Chair in Health Services Research at the University of Calgary. C S Wiysonge was supported by the South African Medical Research Council. S B Zaman received a scholarship from the Australian Government research training programme in support of his academic career.Elsevier2023-08-28T10:30:18Z2020-10-23Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30977-601406736https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620309776http://hdl.handle.net/10576/468471160-120310258396enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/468472024-08-22T10:36:16Z
spellingShingle Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Haidong, Wang
Adolescent
Birth Rate
Global age
status_str publishedVersion
title Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
title_full Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
title_fullStr Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
title_full_unstemmed Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
title_short Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
title_sort Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
topic Adolescent
Birth Rate
Global age
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30977-6
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620309776
http://hdl.handle.net/10576/46847