Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone
The approach of ionic gelation was employed at the pilot scale of the 50 kg batch size to manufacture black seed oil (BSO)-loaded alginate (ALG) beads as a natural source supplementing the main bioactive compound of BSO, i.e., thymoquinone (TQ). The BSO-ALG emulsion was prepared by initially emulsif...
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| مؤلفون آخرون: | , , , , , , , , |
| التنسيق: | article |
| منشور في: |
2024
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| الموضوعات: | |
| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37630 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024136614 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/65324 |
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| _version_ | 1857415085809467392 |
|---|---|
| author | Hamzeh, Alkhatib |
| author2 | Mohamed, Farahidah Alfatama, Mulham Assadpour, Elham Kharazmi, Mohammad Saeed Mahdi Jafari, Seid Islam Sarker, Md Zaidul Kumar Sadasivuni, Kishor Mohmad Sabere, Awis Sukarni Doolaanea, Abd Almonem |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Hamzeh, Alkhatib Mohamed, Farahidah Alfatama, Mulham Assadpour, Elham Kharazmi, Mohammad Saeed Mahdi Jafari, Seid Islam Sarker, Md Zaidul Kumar Sadasivuni, Kishor Mohmad Sabere, Awis Sukarni Doolaanea, Abd Almonem |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Hamzeh, Alkhatib Mohamed, Farahidah Alfatama, Mulham Assadpour, Elham Kharazmi, Mohammad Saeed Mahdi Jafari, Seid Islam Sarker, Md Zaidul Kumar Sadasivuni, Kishor Mohmad Sabere, Awis Sukarni Doolaanea, Abd Almonem |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2024-10-15 2025-05-29T08:33:08Z |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37630 24058440 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024136614 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/65324 19 10 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | en |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Elsevier |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Ionic gelation Alginate beads Scale-up Black seed oil Thymoquinone Stability |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| description | The approach of ionic gelation was employed at the pilot scale of the 50 kg batch size to manufacture black seed oil (BSO)-loaded alginate (ALG) beads as a natural source supplementing the main bioactive compound of BSO, i.e., thymoquinone (TQ). The BSO-ALG emulsion was prepared by initially emulsifying BSO with alginate solution at the pilot scale in two stages. The final emulsion was then dripped through 12 units of 3D-printed multi-nozzles into a curing bath containing Ca2+. The dripping flow rate was scaled up to 288 mL/min through the 3D-printed multi-nozzles (22-gauge). The characteristics of pilot scale BSO-ALG beads were similar to those produced at the lab scale; the beads were spherical with a size of 1.84–1.94 mm. The mechanical strength and loss on drying ranged from 143.6 to 172 g and 77.85–81.96 %, respectively. The production yield and encapsulation efficiency were 77.53–83.65 % and 95.36–97.9 %, respectively. Furthermore, the emulsification process did not affect TQ stability, while the curing process reduced TQ concentration from 1.51 % to 1.03 % w/w. Additionally, a substantial drop in TQ concentration in the encapsulated BSO was observed after the drying process, where it reached 0.23 % w/w. Finally, the stability of BSO-ALG beads in both wet and dried forms under real-time and accelerated conditions for 3 months revealed that beads were stable in terms of their organoleptic characteristics, size and sphericity, and loss on drying. Findings from this study enable the large-scale manufacturing of encapsulated BSO and similar bioactive compounds in ALG beads for the first time. These findings are valuable for advancing microencapsulation through ionic gelation and enhancing food preservation and safety. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | qu_f89688c2fdc753ee58caae073088d7c9 |
| identifier_str_mv | 24058440 19 10 |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en |
| network_acronym_str | qu |
| network_name_str | Qatar University repository |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/65324 |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Elsevier |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| spelling | Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinoneHamzeh, AlkhatibMohamed, FarahidahAlfatama, MulhamAssadpour, ElhamKharazmi, Mohammad SaeedMahdi Jafari, SeidIslam Sarker, Md ZaidulKumar Sadasivuni, KishorMohmad Sabere, Awis SukarniDoolaanea, Abd AlmonemIonic gelationAlginate beadsScale-upBlack seed oilThymoquinoneStabilityThe approach of ionic gelation was employed at the pilot scale of the 50 kg batch size to manufacture black seed oil (BSO)-loaded alginate (ALG) beads as a natural source supplementing the main bioactive compound of BSO, i.e., thymoquinone (TQ). The BSO-ALG emulsion was prepared by initially emulsifying BSO with alginate solution at the pilot scale in two stages. The final emulsion was then dripped through 12 units of 3D-printed multi-nozzles into a curing bath containing Ca2+. The dripping flow rate was scaled up to 288 mL/min through the 3D-printed multi-nozzles (22-gauge). The characteristics of pilot scale BSO-ALG beads were similar to those produced at the lab scale; the beads were spherical with a size of 1.84–1.94 mm. The mechanical strength and loss on drying ranged from 143.6 to 172 g and 77.85–81.96 %, respectively. The production yield and encapsulation efficiency were 77.53–83.65 % and 95.36–97.9 %, respectively. Furthermore, the emulsification process did not affect TQ stability, while the curing process reduced TQ concentration from 1.51 % to 1.03 % w/w. Additionally, a substantial drop in TQ concentration in the encapsulated BSO was observed after the drying process, where it reached 0.23 % w/w. Finally, the stability of BSO-ALG beads in both wet and dried forms under real-time and accelerated conditions for 3 months revealed that beads were stable in terms of their organoleptic characteristics, size and sphericity, and loss on drying. Findings from this study enable the large-scale manufacturing of encapsulated BSO and similar bioactive compounds in ALG beads for the first time. These findings are valuable for advancing microencapsulation through ionic gelation and enhancing food preservation and safety.The authors would like to thank I-KOP Sdn. Bhd (GMP licensed pharmaceutical manufacturer) for technical and facilitation support. This study was supported by the Malaysian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MOSTI) grant number SR1017Q1038/SMF18-001-0001.Elsevier2025-05-29T08:33:08Z2024-10-15Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e3763024058440https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024136614http://hdl.handle.net/10576/653241910enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/653242025-05-29T19:07:51Z |
| spellingShingle | Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone Hamzeh, Alkhatib Ionic gelation Alginate beads Scale-up Black seed oil Thymoquinone Stability |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone |
| title_full | Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone |
| title_fullStr | Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone |
| title_short | Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone |
| title_sort | Pilot scale manufacturing of black seed oil-loaded alginate beads; process development, and stability of thymoquinone |
| topic | Ionic gelation Alginate beads Scale-up Black seed oil Thymoquinone Stability |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37630 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024136614 http://hdl.handle.net/10576/65324 |