Terrace agriculture in a mountainous arid environment – A study of soil quality and regolith provenance: Jabal Akhdar (Oman)

In the Sultanate of Oman remnants of deteriorating terrace agricultural systems offer important insights into long-term human adaptation in the arid tropics. Irrigation and terrace agriculture in the mountainous Jabal Akhdar region reveal historic agricultural practices in a rugged, high elevation c...

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Main Author: Pavlopoulos, Kosmas (author)
Other Authors: Moraetis, Daniel (author), Al Kindi, Sumaya Salim (author), Al Saadi, Sara Kalifah (author), Al Shaibani, Ahmed Abdul Raoof Ali (author), Scharf, Andreas (author), Mattern, Frank (author), Harrower, Michael J. (author)
Published: 2020
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Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12458/378
https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077451606
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author Pavlopoulos, Kosmas
author2 Moraetis, Daniel
Al Kindi, Sumaya Salim
Al Saadi, Sara Kalifah
Al Shaibani, Ahmed Abdul Raoof Ali
Scharf, Andreas
Mattern, Frank
Harrower, Michael J.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author_facet Pavlopoulos, Kosmas
Moraetis, Daniel
Al Kindi, Sumaya Salim
Al Saadi, Sara Kalifah
Al Shaibani, Ahmed Abdul Raoof Ali
Scharf, Andreas
Mattern, Frank
Harrower, Michael J.
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Pavlopoulos, Kosmas
Moraetis, Daniel
Al Kindi, Sumaya Salim
Al Saadi, Sara Kalifah
Al Shaibani, Ahmed Abdul Raoof Ali
Scharf, Andreas
Mattern, Frank
Harrower, Michael J.
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-01-07T08:08:14Z
2020-01-07T08:08:14Z
2020
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12458/378
10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114152
https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077451606
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv en
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Geoderma
2020
363
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Terrace agriculture
Arid environments
Calcrete
Soil provenance
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Terrace agriculture in a mountainous arid environment – A study of soil quality and regolith provenance: Jabal Akhdar (Oman)
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Controlled Vocabulary for Resource Type Genres::text::periodical::journal::contribution to journal::journal article
description In the Sultanate of Oman remnants of deteriorating terrace agricultural systems offer important insights into long-term human adaptation in the arid tropics. Irrigation and terrace agriculture in the mountainous Jabal Akhdar region reveal historic agricultural practices in a rugged, high elevation context. The present study examines soil quality and regolith provenance in abandoned agricultural soil terraces. Three soil profiles in each of the Villages of Hadash and Wijma were excavated and analyzed. Physical, chemical and mineralogical analyses were conducted for all soil horizons. In addition, six other soils, 3 possible soil parent rocks (regolith) and soil’s bedrock were collected. Soil ages were constrained by 14C assays and stable isotope, (13C and 18O) on the bulk carbonates in the calcrete (caliche). The results demonstrate that both sites display poor soil quality with very low average total organic carbon (TOC) (6.2–5.0 g kg−1) and mean weight diameter (MWD; 0.27–0.48 mm), with low water stable aggregate content (< 42%). All the geochemical, mineralogical and the thin section analyses show that the soils exhibit unique characteristics that differ from those of other sediments (possible parent regolith) and soils in the vicinity. The finding of ostracod shells in the soil terraces in both areas and 14C dating of calcrete (10.193 ± 30–13.887 ± 40 a BP) indicate that regolith was human-transported to terraces to create soil. The 14C ages of the bulk carbonates match well with a dry period of high calcite precipitation contemporaneous to the Younger Dryas. The Hadash and Wijma soil terraces are located ~45 km away from each other, but still display significant similarities in terms of regolith provenance and soil development and were likely filled with regolith from the same source. These results offer new perspective on agricultural terrace development and oasis agriculture in a rugged, high-elevation, arid environment.
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identifier_str_mv 10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114152
language_invalid_str_mv en
network_acronym_str sorbonner
network_name_str Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi repository
oai_identifier_str oai:depot.sorbonne.ae:20.500.12458/378
publishDate 2020
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling Terrace agriculture in a mountainous arid environment – A study of soil quality and regolith provenance: Jabal Akhdar (Oman)Pavlopoulos, KosmasMoraetis, DanielAl Kindi, Sumaya SalimAl Saadi, Sara KalifahAl Shaibani, Ahmed Abdul Raoof AliScharf, AndreasMattern, FrankHarrower, Michael J.Terrace agricultureArid environmentsCalcreteSoil provenanceIn the Sultanate of Oman remnants of deteriorating terrace agricultural systems offer important insights into long-term human adaptation in the arid tropics. Irrigation and terrace agriculture in the mountainous Jabal Akhdar region reveal historic agricultural practices in a rugged, high elevation context. The present study examines soil quality and regolith provenance in abandoned agricultural soil terraces. Three soil profiles in each of the Villages of Hadash and Wijma were excavated and analyzed. Physical, chemical and mineralogical analyses were conducted for all soil horizons. In addition, six other soils, 3 possible soil parent rocks (regolith) and soil’s bedrock were collected. Soil ages were constrained by 14C assays and stable isotope, (13C and 18O) on the bulk carbonates in the calcrete (caliche). The results demonstrate that both sites display poor soil quality with very low average total organic carbon (TOC) (6.2–5.0 g kg−1) and mean weight diameter (MWD; 0.27–0.48 mm), with low water stable aggregate content (< 42%). All the geochemical, mineralogical and the thin section analyses show that the soils exhibit unique characteristics that differ from those of other sediments (possible parent regolith) and soils in the vicinity. The finding of ostracod shells in the soil terraces in both areas and 14C dating of calcrete (10.193 ± 30–13.887 ± 40 a BP) indicate that regolith was human-transported to terraces to create soil. The 14C ages of the bulk carbonates match well with a dry period of high calcite precipitation contemporaneous to the Younger Dryas. The Hadash and Wijma soil terraces are located ~45 km away from each other, but still display significant similarities in terms of regolith provenance and soil development and were likely filled with regolith from the same source. These results offer new perspective on agricultural terrace development and oasis agriculture in a rugged, high-elevation, arid environment.2020-01-07T08:08:14Z2020-01-07T08:08:14Z2020Controlled Vocabulary for Resource Type Genres::text::periodical::journal::contribution to journal::journal articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12458/37810.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114152https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077451606enGeoderma2020363oai:depot.sorbonne.ae:20.500.12458/3782023-12-05T09:47:48Z
spellingShingle Terrace agriculture in a mountainous arid environment – A study of soil quality and regolith provenance: Jabal Akhdar (Oman)
Pavlopoulos, Kosmas
Terrace agriculture
Arid environments
Calcrete
Soil provenance
title Terrace agriculture in a mountainous arid environment – A study of soil quality and regolith provenance: Jabal Akhdar (Oman)
title_full Terrace agriculture in a mountainous arid environment – A study of soil quality and regolith provenance: Jabal Akhdar (Oman)
title_fullStr Terrace agriculture in a mountainous arid environment – A study of soil quality and regolith provenance: Jabal Akhdar (Oman)
title_full_unstemmed Terrace agriculture in a mountainous arid environment – A study of soil quality and regolith provenance: Jabal Akhdar (Oman)
title_short Terrace agriculture in a mountainous arid environment – A study of soil quality and regolith provenance: Jabal Akhdar (Oman)
title_sort Terrace agriculture in a mountainous arid environment – A study of soil quality and regolith provenance: Jabal Akhdar (Oman)
topic Terrace agriculture
Arid environments
Calcrete
Soil provenance
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12458/378
https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077451606