Notre-Dame de Paris: The first iron lady? Archaeometallurgical study and dating of the Parisian cathedral iron reinforcements

The study of iron reinforcements used in the construction of Notre-Dame de Paris offers a glimpse into the innovation that took place on this building site in the mid-12th century, adapting metal to create a novel architecture. The restoration of the monument after the 2019 fire offered unique possi...

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Main Author: L’Héritier, Maxime (author)
Other Authors: Azéma, Aurélia (author), Syvilay, Delphine (author), Delqué-Kolic, Emmanuelle (author), Beck, Lucile (author), Guillot, Ivan (author), Bernard, Mathilde (author), Dillmann, Philippe (author)
Published: 2023
Online Access:https://depot.sorbonne.ae/handle/20.500.12458/1402
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author L’Héritier, Maxime
author2 Azéma, Aurélia
Syvilay, Delphine
Delqué-Kolic, Emmanuelle
Beck, Lucile
Guillot, Ivan
Bernard, Mathilde
Dillmann, Philippe
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author_facet L’Héritier, Maxime
Azéma, Aurélia
Syvilay, Delphine
Delqué-Kolic, Emmanuelle
Beck, Lucile
Guillot, Ivan
Bernard, Mathilde
Dillmann, Philippe
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Peter F. Biehl
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv L’Héritier, Maxime
Azéma, Aurélia
Syvilay, Delphine
Delqué-Kolic, Emmanuelle
Beck, Lucile
Guillot, Ivan
Bernard, Mathilde
Dillmann, Philippe
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-04-26T09:54:59Z
2023-04-26T09:54:59Z
2023
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0280945
1932-6203
https://depot.sorbonne.ae/handle/20.500.12458/1402
10.1371/journal.pone.0280945
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv en
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv PLOS ONE
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Notre-Dame de Paris: The first iron lady? Archaeometallurgical study and dating of the Parisian cathedral iron reinforcements
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Controlled Vocabulary for Resource Type Genres::text::periodical::journal::contribution to journal::journal article
description The study of iron reinforcements used in the construction of Notre-Dame de Paris offers a glimpse into the innovation that took place on this building site in the mid-12th century, adapting metal to create a novel architecture. The restoration of the monument after the 2019 fire offered unique possibilities to investigate its iron armatures and to sample 12 iron staples from different locations (tribunes, nave aisles and upper walls). Six of them were dated thanks to the development of an innovative methodology based on radiocarbon dating. They reveal that Notre-Dame is the first known Gothic cathedral where iron was massively used as a proper construction material to bind stones throughout its entire construction, leading to a better understanding of the master masons’ thinking. Moreover, a metallographic study and slag inclusion chemical analyses of the staples provide the first study of iron supply for a great medieval Parisian building yard, renewing our understanding of iron circulation, trade and forging in the 12th and 13th century capital of the French kingdom. The highlighting of numerous welds in all iron staples and the multiple provenances sheds light on the activity of the iron market in this major medieval European city and the nature of the goods that circulated, and questions the possible importance of recycling.
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identifier_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0280945
1932-6203
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network_acronym_str sorbonner
network_name_str Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi repository
oai_identifier_str oai:depot.sorbonne.ae:20.500.12458/1402
publishDate 2023
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spelling Notre-Dame de Paris: The first iron lady? Archaeometallurgical study and dating of the Parisian cathedral iron reinforcementsL’Héritier, MaximeAzéma, AuréliaSyvilay, DelphineDelqué-Kolic, EmmanuelleBeck, LucileGuillot, IvanBernard, MathildeDillmann, PhilippeThe study of iron reinforcements used in the construction of Notre-Dame de Paris offers a glimpse into the innovation that took place on this building site in the mid-12th century, adapting metal to create a novel architecture. The restoration of the monument after the 2019 fire offered unique possibilities to investigate its iron armatures and to sample 12 iron staples from different locations (tribunes, nave aisles and upper walls). Six of them were dated thanks to the development of an innovative methodology based on radiocarbon dating. They reveal that Notre-Dame is the first known Gothic cathedral where iron was massively used as a proper construction material to bind stones throughout its entire construction, leading to a better understanding of the master masons’ thinking. Moreover, a metallographic study and slag inclusion chemical analyses of the staples provide the first study of iron supply for a great medieval Parisian building yard, renewing our understanding of iron circulation, trade and forging in the 12th and 13th century capital of the French kingdom. The highlighting of numerous welds in all iron staples and the multiple provenances sheds light on the activity of the iron market in this major medieval European city and the nature of the goods that circulated, and questions the possible importance of recycling.Peter F. Biehl2023-04-26T09:54:59Z2023-04-26T09:54:59Z2023Controlled Vocabulary for Resource Type Genres::text::periodical::journal::contribution to journal::journal articleapplication/pdf10.1371/journal.pone.02809451932-6203https://depot.sorbonne.ae/handle/20.500.12458/140210.1371/journal.pone.0280945enPLOS ONEoai:depot.sorbonne.ae:20.500.12458/14022023-06-14T09:43:18Z
spellingShingle Notre-Dame de Paris: The first iron lady? Archaeometallurgical study and dating of the Parisian cathedral iron reinforcements
L’Héritier, Maxime
title Notre-Dame de Paris: The first iron lady? Archaeometallurgical study and dating of the Parisian cathedral iron reinforcements
title_full Notre-Dame de Paris: The first iron lady? Archaeometallurgical study and dating of the Parisian cathedral iron reinforcements
title_fullStr Notre-Dame de Paris: The first iron lady? Archaeometallurgical study and dating of the Parisian cathedral iron reinforcements
title_full_unstemmed Notre-Dame de Paris: The first iron lady? Archaeometallurgical study and dating of the Parisian cathedral iron reinforcements
title_short Notre-Dame de Paris: The first iron lady? Archaeometallurgical study and dating of the Parisian cathedral iron reinforcements
title_sort Notre-Dame de Paris: The first iron lady? Archaeometallurgical study and dating of the Parisian cathedral iron reinforcements
url https://depot.sorbonne.ae/handle/20.500.12458/1402