Silicon Enhances Morpho–Physio–Biochemical Responses in Arsenic Stressed Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) by Minimizing Its Uptake حسب Saleem, Muhammad Hamzah

"…Fifteen days old seedlings of S. oleracea were subjected to the different concentrations of As, i.e., 0 (no As), 50, and 100 µM in the soil which were also supplied with the different exogenous levels of Si, i.e., 0 (no Si), 1.5, and 3 mM. Results from the present study revealed that the As toxicity induced a substantial decreased in shoot length, root length, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid content, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, soluble sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar contents, calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), iron (Fe2+), and phosphorus (P) contents in the roots and shoots of the plants. …"
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