The AD-PSO-Guided WOA LSTM algorithm RMSE is based on the objective function compared to different algorithms. حسب Ahmed M. Elshewey (21463867)

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Hyperparameter settings for the optimization algorithms. حسب Ahmed M. Elshewey (21463867)

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Descriptive analysis of the outcomes by the optimized LSTM using several optimization algorithms. حسب Ahmed M. Elshewey (21463867)

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Histograms of various water quality parameters, including pH, Hardness, Solids, Chloramines, Sulfate, Organic Carbon, Trihalomethanes, Turbidity, and a binary portability check. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

Performance of the bAD-PSO-Guided WOA algorithm compared with another algorithm. حسب Ahmed M. Elshewey (21463867)

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Performance of the proposed AD-PSO-Guided WOA-LSTM algorithm compared with another algorithm. حسب Ahmed M. Elshewey (21463867)

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Total computational cost of the proposed AD-PSO-Guided WOA-LSTM algorithm compared with another algorithm. حسب Ahmed M. Elshewey (21463867)

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Adaptive dynamic algorithm for Australia rainfall. حسب Ahmed M. Elshewey (21463867)

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Hyperparameters of the LSTM Model. حسب Ahmed M. Elshewey (21463867)

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Prediction results of individual models. حسب Ahmed M. Elshewey (21463867)

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Metrics for evaluating the performance of the proposed model. حسب Ahmed M. Elshewey (21463867)

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The outcomes of the ANOVA results for the proposed AD-PSO-Guided WOA-LSTM algorithm for rainfall prediction. حسب Ahmed M. Elshewey (21463867)

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Analysis plots of the obtained results using the proposed AD-PSO-Guided WOA LSTM algorithm. حسب Ahmed M. Elshewey (21463867)

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ROC curve for binary classification. حسب Nicodemus Songose Awarayi (18414494)

"…Specifically, an image enhancement algorithm based on histogram equalization and bilateral filtering techniques was deployed to reduce noise and enhance the quality of the images. …"

Confusion matrix for binary classification. حسب Nicodemus Songose Awarayi (18414494)

"…Specifically, an image enhancement algorithm based on histogram equalization and bilateral filtering techniques was deployed to reduce noise and enhance the quality of the images. …"

The AD-PSO-Guided WOA LSTM framework. حسب Ahmed M. Elshewey (21463867)

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Statistical summary of all models. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

"…This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …"

Classification performance of ML and DL models. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

"…This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …"

The illustration depicts our CQ-CNN architecture for binary image classification. حسب Mominul Islam (3513758)

Classification performance after optimization. حسب Amal H. Alharbi (21755906)

"…This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. …"